NCBI Taxonomy: 66683
Couroupita (ncbi_taxid: 66683)
found 26 associated metabolites at genus taxonomy rank level.
Ancestor: Lecythidaceae
Child Taxonomies: Couroupita guianensis, Couroupita subsessilis, Couroupita nicaraguarensis
Amyrin
Beta-amyrin is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that is oleanane substituted at the 3beta-position by a hydroxy group and containing a double bond between positions 12 and 13. It is one of the most commonly occurring triterpenoids in higher plants. It has a role as a plant metabolite and an Aspergillus metabolite. It is a pentacyclic triterpenoid and a secondary alcohol. It derives from a hydride of an oleanane. beta-Amyrin is a natural product found in Ficus pertusa, Ficus septica, and other organisms with data available. See also: Calendula Officinalis Flower (part of); Viburnum opulus bark (part of); Centaurium erythraea whole (part of). A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is oleanane substituted at the 3beta-position by a hydroxy group and containing a double bond between positions 12 and 13. It is one of the most commonly occurring triterpenoids in higher plants. β-Amyrin, an ingredient of Celastrus hindsii, blocks amyloid β (Aβ)-induced long-term potentiation (LTP) impairment. β-amyrin is a promising candidate of treatment for AD[1]. β-Amyrin, an ingredient of Celastrus hindsii, blocks amyloid β (Aβ)-induced long-term potentiation (LTP) impairment. β-amyrin is a promising candidate of treatment for AD[1].
Ellagic acid
Ellagic acid appears as cream-colored needles (from pyridine) or yellow powder. Odorless. (NTP, 1992) Ellagic acid is an organic heterotetracyclic compound resulting from the formal dimerisation of gallic acid by oxidative aromatic coupling with intramolecular lactonisation of both carboxylic acid groups of the resulting biaryl. It is found in many fruits and vegetables, including raspberries, strawberries, cranberries, and pomegranates. It has a role as an antioxidant, a food additive, a plant metabolite, an EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor, an EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor, an EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor, an EC 2.3.1.5 (arylamine N-acetyltransferase) inhibitor, an EC 2.4.1.1 (glycogen phosphorylase) inhibitor, an EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor, an EC 2.7.1.127 (inositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase) inhibitor, an EC 2.7.1.151 (inositol-polyphosphate multikinase) inhibitor, an EC 2.7.4.6 (nucleoside-diphosphate kinase) inhibitor, a skin lightening agent, a fungal metabolite, an EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor and a geroprotector. It is an organic heterotetracyclic compound, a cyclic ketone, a lactone, a member of catechols and a polyphenol. It is functionally related to a gallic acid. Ellagic acid is present in several fruits such as cranberries, strawberries, raspberries, and pomegranates. In pomegranates, there are several therapeutic compounds but ellagic acid is the most active and abundant. Ellagic acid is also present in vegetables. Ellagic acid is an investigational drug studied for treatment of Follicular Lymphoma (phase 2 trial), protection from brain injury of intrauterine growth restricted babies (phase 1 and 2 trial), improvement of cardiovascular function in adolescents who are obese (phase 2 trial), and topical treatment of solar lentigines. Ellagic acids therapeutic action mostly involves antioxidant and anti-proliferative effects. Ellagic acid is a natural product found in Fragaria chiloensis, Metrosideros perforata, and other organisms with data available. Ellagic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A fused four ring compound occurring free or combined in galls. Isolated from the kino of Eucalyptus maculata Hook and E. Hemipholia F. Muell. Activates Factor XII of the blood clotting system which also causes kinin release; used in research and as a dye. Ellagic acid is an organic heterotetracyclic compound resulting from the formal dimerisation of gallic acid by oxidative aromatic coupling with intramolecular lactonisation of both carboxylic acid groups of the resulting biaryl. It is found in many fruits and vegetables, including raspberries, strawberries, cranberries, and pomegranates. It has a role as an antioxidant, a food additive, a plant metabolite, an EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor, an EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor, an EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor, an EC 2.3.1.5 (arylamine N-acetyltransferase) inhibitor, an EC 2.4.1.1 (glycogen phosphorylase) inhibitor, an EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor, an EC 2.7.1.127 (inositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase) inhibitor, an EC 2.7.1.151 (inositol-polyphosphate multikinase) inhibitor, an EC 2.7.4.6 (nucleoside-diphosphate kinase) inhibitor, a skin lightening agent, a fungal metabolite and an EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor. It is an organic heterotetracyclic compound, a cyclic ketone, a lactone, a member of catechols and a polyphenol. It derives from a gallic acid. Ellagic acid, also known as ellagate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hydrolyzable tannins. These are tannins with a structure characterized by either of the following models. In model 1, the structure contains galloyl units (in some cases, shikimic acid units) that are linked to diverse polyol carbohydrate-, catechin-, or triterpenoid units. In model 2, contains at least two galloyl units C-C coupled to each other, and do not contain a glycosidically linked catechin unit. The antiproliferative and antioxidant properties of ellagic acid have spurred preliminary research into the potential health benefits of ellagic acid consumption. Ellagic acids therapeutic action mostly involves antioxidant and anti-proliferative/anti-cancer effects. Ellagic acid is found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as chestnuts, common walnuts, and japanese walnuts and in a lower concentration in whiskies, arctic blackberries, and cloudberries. Ellagic acid has also been detected, but not quantified in several different foods, such as lowbush blueberries, bilberries, guava, strawberry guava, and bog bilberries. An organic heterotetracyclic compound resulting from the formal dimerisation of gallic acid by oxidative aromatic coupling with intramolecular lactonisation of both carboxylic acid groups of the resulting biaryl. It is found in many fruits and vegetables, including raspberries, strawberries, cranberries, and pomegranates. Widely distributed in higher plants especies dicotyledons. Intestinal astringent, dietary role disputed. Nutriceutical with anticancer and antioxidation props. Ellagic acid is a natural antioxidant, and acts as a potent and ATP-competitive CK2 inhibitor, with an IC50 of 40 nM and a Ki of 20 nM. Ellagic acid is a natural antioxidant, and acts as a potent and ATP-competitive CK2 inhibitor, with an IC50 of 40 nM and a Ki of 20 nM.
Isocitric acid
Isocitric acid, also known as isocitrate belongs to the class of organic compounds known as tricarboxylic acids and derivatives. These are carboxylic acids containing exactly three carboxyl groups. Isocitric acid is a TCA (tricarboxylic acid) cycle intermediate. It is a structural isomer of citric acid and is formed from citrate with the help of the enzyme aconitase. More specifically, Isocitric acid is synthesized from citric acid via the intermediate cis-aconitic acid by the enzyme aconitase (aconitate hydratase). Isocitrate is acted upon by isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) to form alpha-ketoglutarate. This is a two-step process, which involves oxidation of isocitrate to oxalosuccinate (a ketone), followed by the decarboxylation of the carboxyl group beta to the ketone, forming alpha-ketoglutarate. In humans, IDH exists in three isoforms: IDH3 catalyzes the third step of the citric acid cycle while converting NAD+ to NADH in the mitochondria. The isoforms IDH1 and IDH2 catalyze the same reaction outside the context of the citric acid cycle and use NADP+ as a cofactor instead of NAD+. They localize to the cytosol as well as the mitochondrion and peroxisome. Isocitric acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. Isocitric acid is a minor organic acid found in most fruit juices, especially in blackberries, youngberries, and boyberries, and in vegetables, especially in carrots. The determination of D-isocitric acid has become of importance in the analysis of fruit juices for the detection of illegal additives (adulteration). Since the quantities of citric and isocitric acids are correlated in fruit juices, a high ratio of citric to isocitric acid can indicate the addition of citric acid as an alduterant. In authentic orange juice, for example, the ratio of citric acid to D-isocitric acid is usually less than 130. Isocitric acid is mostly used in the food industry (food additive) as a food acidulant. The citrate oxidation to isocitrate is catalyzed by the enzyme aconitase. Human prostatic secretion is remarkably rich in citric acid and low aconitase activity will therefore play a significant role in enabling accumulation of high citrate levels (PubMed ID 8115279) [HMDB]. Isocitric acid is found in many foods, some of which are wild carrot, redcurrant, carrot, and soursop. [Spectral] Isocitrate (exact mass = 192.027) and CDP (exact mass = 403.01818) were not completely separated on HPLC under the present analytical conditions as described in AC$XXX. Additionally some of the peaks in this data contains dimers and other unidentified ions. Isocitric acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=320-77-4 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 320-77-4). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Isocitric acid is an endogenous metabolite present in Saliva and Cellular_Cytoplasm that can be used for the research of Alzheimer's Disease, Lewy Body Dementia and Anoxia[1][2][3]. Isocitric acid is an endogenous metabolite present in Saliva and Cellular_Cytoplasm that can be used for the research of Alzheimer's Disease, Lewy Body Dementia and Anoxia[1][2][3].
1H-Indole-2,3-dione
Isatin is an indoledione that is the 2,3-diketo derivative of indole. It has a role as an EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor and a plant metabolite. Isatin is an indole derivative first obtained by Erdman and Laurent in 1841 as an oxidation product of Indigo dye with nitric acid and chromic acids. The compound is found in many plants and Schiff bases of Isatin are have been investigated for pharmaceutical applications. Isatin is a natural product found in Isatis tinctoria, Alteromonas, and other organisms with data available. An indole-dione that is obtained by oxidation of indigo blue. It is a MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITOR and high levels have been found in urine of PARKINSONISM patients. 1H-Indole-2,3-dione belongs to the class of organic compounds known as indolines. These are compounds containing an indole moiety, which consists of pyrrolidine ring fused to benzene to form 2,3-dihydroindole. An indoledione that is the 2,3-diketo derivative of indole. COVID info from PDB, Protein Data Bank Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS [Raw Data] CB237_Isatin_pos_20eV_rep000005.txt [Raw Data] CB237_Isatin_pos_50eV_rep000005.txt [Raw Data] CB237_Isatin_pos_30eV_rep000005.txt [Raw Data] CB237_Isatin_pos_40eV_rep000005.txt [Raw Data] CB237_Isatin_pos_10eV_rep000005.txt KEIO_ID I019 Isatin (Indoline-2,3-dione) is a potent inhibitor of monoamine oxidase (MAO) with an IC50 of 3 μM. Also binds to central benzodiazepine receptors (IC50 against clonazepam, 123 μM)[1]. Also acts as an antagonist of both atrial natriuretic peptide stimulated and nitric oxide-stimulated guanylate cyclase activity[2]. Shows effect on the serotonergic system[3]. Isatin (Indoline-2,3-dione) is a potent inhibitor of monoamine oxidase (MAO) with an IC50 of 3 μM. Also binds to central benzodiazepine receptors (IC50 against clonazepam, 123 μM)[1]. Also acts as an antagonist of both atrial natriuretic peptide stimulated and nitric oxide-stimulated guanylate cyclase activity[2]. Shows effect on the serotonergic system[3].
Indolo[2,1-b]quinazoline-6,12-dione
Tryptanthrin is an indole quinazoline that could be an alkaloid from indigo-bearing plants. Tryptanthrin is a potent and orally active cellular Leukotriene (LT) biosynthesis inhibitor. Tryptanthrin has anticancer activity. Tryptanthrin suppresses the expression levels of NOS1, COX-2, and NF-κB and regulates the expression levels of IL-2, IL-10, and TNF-α[1][2]. Tryptanthrin is an indole quinazoline that could be an alkaloid from indigo-bearing plants. Tryptanthrin is a potent and orally active cellular Leukotriene (LT) biosynthesis inhibitor. Tryptanthrin has anticancer activity. Tryptanthrin suppresses the expression levels of NOS1, COX-2, and NF-κB and regulates the expression levels of IL-2, IL-10, and TNF-α[1][2].
(1R,2R)-Isocitric acid
(1R,2R)-Isocitric acid is found in citrus. (1R,2R)-Isocitric acid is found in lemon juice. Found in lemon juice
Indirubin
Indirubin or indigo red is an organic compound with a distinctive deep red/orange color. It is an oxindole dimer consisting of two fused oxindole rings. Indoles are compounds which consist of a pyrrole ring fused to benzene to form 2,3-benzopyrrole. Indirubin is found in both plants and animals and has been detected in human urine and human tissues (PMID: 11076521; PMID: 8667928). The precursor to indirubin is indican, a colorless, water-soluble derivative of the amino acid tryptophan which is converted to indole via microbial metabolism. Indican readily hydrolyzes to release β-D-glucose and indoxyl. Oxidation of indoxyl by CYP450 enzymes in the liver or kidneys can convert indoxyl to indirubin (PMID: 11076521). Likewise, exposure to air can convert indoxyl to indirubin. In addition to the mammalian production of minute amounts of indirubin, this chemical can also be recovered in far larger amounts from plants. Historically, indirubin has been extracted from the leaves of certain plants of the Indigofera genus, in particular Indigofera tinctoria. Indigofera plants were commonly grown and used throughout the world for the production of dyes. Indirubin is a chemical constituent of indigo naturalis (also known as qing dai), which has been used for hundreds of years in traditional Chinese medicine. It is produced by collecting the waste products from the bacterial degradation of specific forms of vegetation. Indirubin has shown anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenesis properties in vitro (PMID: 21207415). It has also been studied for potential use in the treatment of ulcerative colitis (PMID: 23674882). D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents D004396 - Coloring Agents Indirubin (Couroupitine B) is a bis-indole alkaloid and has emarkable anticancer activity against chronic myelocytic leukemia[1][2]. Indirubin (Couroupitine B) is a bis-indole alkaloid and has emarkable anticancer activity against chronic myelocytic leukemia[1][2].
beta-Amyrin
Beta-amryin, also known as B-amryin, is a member of the class of compounds known as triterpenoids. Triterpenoids are terpene molecules containing six isoprene units. Beta-amryin is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak acidic compound (based on its pKa). Beta-amryin can be found in pigeon pea, which makes beta-amryin a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.
Indirubin
A member of the class of indolones that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one substituted by a 3-oxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-ylidene group at position 3. It is the active component of Dang Gui Long Hui Wan, which has been used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat inflammatory diseases and chronic myeloid leukemia. Indirubin is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01735864 (Dosage Determination Trial for Indigo Naturalis Extract in Oil Ointment). Indirubin is a natural product found in Isatis tinctoria, Couroupita guianensis, and Calanthe discolor with data available. D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents D004396 - Coloring Agents Indirubin (Couroupitine B) is a bis-indole alkaloid and has emarkable anticancer activity against chronic myelocytic leukemia[1][2]. Indirubin (Couroupitine B) is a bis-indole alkaloid and has emarkable anticancer activity against chronic myelocytic leukemia[1][2].
Indigo_dye
C.i. vat blue 1 is a dark blue powder with coppery luster. Occurs in isomeric forms (cis and trans). In solid state it is in the trans form. (NTP, 1992) Indigo dye is a member of hydroxyindoles. Indigo is a natural product found in Isatis tinctoria and Couroupita guianensis with data available. Indolesulfonic acid used as a dye in renal function testing for the detection of nitrates and chlorates, and in the testing of milk. D004396 - Coloring Agents
β-Amyrin
Beta-amyrin, also known as amyrin or (3beta)-olean-12-en-3-ol, is a member of the class of compounds known as triterpenoids. Triterpenoids are terpene molecules containing six isoprene units. Thus, beta-amyrin is considered to be an isoprenoid lipid molecule. Beta-amyrin is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak acidic compound (based on its pKa). Beta-amyrin can be synthesized from oleanane. Beta-amyrin is also a parent compound for other transformation products, including but not limited to, erythrodiol, glycyrrhetaldehyde, and 24-hydroxy-beta-amyrin. Beta-amyrin can be found in a number of food items such as thistle, pepper (c. baccatum), wakame, and endive, which makes beta-amyrin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. The amyrins are three closely related natural chemical compounds of the triterpene class. They are designated α-amyrin (ursane skeleton), β-amyrin (oleanane skeleton) and δ-amyrin. Each is a pentacyclic triterpenol with the chemical formula C30H50O. They are widely distributed in nature and have been isolated from a variety of plant sources such as epicuticular wax. In plant biosynthesis, α-amyrin is the precursor of ursolic acid and β-amyrin is the precursor of oleanolic acid. All three amyrins occur in the surface wax of tomato fruit. α-Amyrin is found in dandelion coffee . β-Amyrin, an ingredient of Celastrus hindsii, blocks amyloid β (Aβ)-induced long-term potentiation (LTP) impairment. β-amyrin is a promising candidate of treatment for AD[1]. β-Amyrin, an ingredient of Celastrus hindsii, blocks amyloid β (Aβ)-induced long-term potentiation (LTP) impairment. β-amyrin is a promising candidate of treatment for AD[1].
4Y6E3F2U66
Tryptanthrine is an organonitrogen heterocyclic compound, an organic heterotetracyclic compound and an alkaloid antibiotic. Indolo[2,1-b]quinazoline-6,12-dione is a natural product found in Isatis tinctoria, Cissus discolor, and other organisms with data available. Tryptanthrin is an indole quinazoline that could be an alkaloid from indigo-bearing plants. Tryptanthrin is a potent and orally active cellular Leukotriene (LT) biosynthesis inhibitor. Tryptanthrin has anticancer activity. Tryptanthrin suppresses the expression levels of NOS1, COX-2, and NF-κB and regulates the expression levels of IL-2, IL-10, and TNF-α[1][2]. Tryptanthrin is an indole quinazoline that could be an alkaloid from indigo-bearing plants. Tryptanthrin is a potent and orally active cellular Leukotriene (LT) biosynthesis inhibitor. Tryptanthrin has anticancer activity. Tryptanthrin suppresses the expression levels of NOS1, COX-2, and NF-κB and regulates the expression levels of IL-2, IL-10, and TNF-α[1][2].
Ellagic Acid
Origin: Plant, Ellagic acids, Benzopyranoids, Pyrans Ellagic acid is a natural antioxidant, and acts as a potent and ATP-competitive CK2 inhibitor, with an IC50 of 40 nM and a Ki of 20 nM. Ellagic acid is a natural antioxidant, and acts as a potent and ATP-competitive CK2 inhibitor, with an IC50 of 40 nM and a Ki of 20 nM.
isocitric acid
A tricarboxylic acid that is propan-1-ol with a hydrogen at each of the 3 carbon positions replaced by a carboxy group. Isocitric acid is an endogenous metabolite present in Saliva and Cellular_Cytoplasm that can be used for the research of Alzheimer's Disease, Lewy Body Dementia and Anoxia[1][2][3]. Isocitric acid is an endogenous metabolite present in Saliva and Cellular_Cytoplasm that can be used for the research of Alzheimer's Disease, Lewy Body Dementia and Anoxia[1][2][3].
Isatin
COVID info from PDB, Protein Data Bank Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Isatin (Indoline-2,3-dione) is a potent inhibitor of monoamine oxidase (MAO) with an IC50 of 3 μM. Also binds to central benzodiazepine receptors (IC50 against clonazepam, 123 μM)[1]. Also acts as an antagonist of both atrial natriuretic peptide stimulated and nitric oxide-stimulated guanylate cyclase activity[2]. Shows effect on the serotonergic system[3]. Isatin (Indoline-2,3-dione) is a potent inhibitor of monoamine oxidase (MAO) with an IC50 of 3 μM. Also binds to central benzodiazepine receptors (IC50 against clonazepam, 123 μM)[1]. Also acts as an antagonist of both atrial natriuretic peptide stimulated and nitric oxide-stimulated guanylate cyclase activity[2]. Shows effect on the serotonergic system[3].
Tryptanthrin
Tryptanthrin is an indole quinazoline that could be an alkaloid from indigo-bearing plants. Tryptanthrin is a potent and orally active cellular Leukotriene (LT) biosynthesis inhibitor. Tryptanthrin has anticancer activity. Tryptanthrin suppresses the expression levels of NOS1, COX-2, and NF-κB and regulates the expression levels of IL-2, IL-10, and TNF-α[1][2]. Tryptanthrin is an indole quinazoline that could be an alkaloid from indigo-bearing plants. Tryptanthrin is a potent and orally active cellular Leukotriene (LT) biosynthesis inhibitor. Tryptanthrin has anticancer activity. Tryptanthrin suppresses the expression levels of NOS1, COX-2, and NF-κB and regulates the expression levels of IL-2, IL-10, and TNF-α[1][2].
Isocitric acid
Isocitric acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=320-77-4 (retrieved 2024-07-01) (CAS RN: 320-77-4). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Isocitric acid is an endogenous metabolite present in Saliva and Cellular_Cytoplasm that can be used for the research of Alzheimer's Disease, Lewy Body Dementia and Anoxia[1][2][3]. Isocitric acid is an endogenous metabolite present in Saliva and Cellular_Cytoplasm that can be used for the research of Alzheimer's Disease, Lewy Body Dementia and Anoxia[1][2][3].
