NCBI Taxonomy: 65404

Polysiphonia urceolata (ncbi_taxid: 65404)

found 114 associated metabolites at species taxonomy rank level.

Child Taxonomies: none taxonomy data.

Parietin

1,8-Dihydroxy-3-methoxy-6-methylanthraquinone, Emodin-3-methyl ether

Physcion is a dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 9,10-anthraquinone bearing hydroxy substituents at positions 1 and 8, a methoxy group at position 3, and a methyl group at position 6. It has been widely isolated and characterised from both terrestrial and marine sources. It has a role as an apoptosis inducer, an antineoplastic agent, a hepatoprotective agent, an anti-inflammatory agent, an antibacterial agent, an antifungal agent and a metabolite. It is functionally related to a 2-methylanthraquinone. Physcion is a natural product found in Rumex dentatus, Ageratina altissima, and other organisms with data available. See also: Reynoutria multiflora root (part of); Frangula purshiana Bark (part of). A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 9,10-anthraquinone bearing hydroxy substituents at positions 1 and 8, a methoxy group at position 3, and a methyl group at position 6. It has been widely isolated and characterised from both terrestrial and marine sources. [Raw Data] CBA82_Physcion_pos_10eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA82_Physcion_pos_30eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA82_Physcion_pos_50eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA82_Physcion_pos_40eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA82_Physcion_pos_20eV.txt

Zeaxanthin

(1R)-4-[(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-18-[(4R)-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl]-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-3-en-1-ol

C40H56O2 (568.4280076)

Zeaxanthin is a carotenoid xanthophyll and is one of the most common carotenoid found in nature. It is the pigment that gives corn, saffron, and many other plants their characteristic color. Zeaxanthin breaks down to form picrocrocin and safranal, which are responsible for the taste and aroma of saffron Carotenoids are among the most common pigments in nature and are natural lipid soluble antioxidants. Zeaxanthin is one of the two carotenoids (the other is lutein) that accumulate in the eye lens and macular region of the retina with concentrations in the macula greater than those found in plasma and other tissues. Lutein and zeaxanthin have identical chemical formulas and are isomers, but they are not stereoisomers. The main difference between them is in the location of a double bond in one of the end rings. This difference gives lutein three chiral centers whereas zeaxanthin has two. A relationship between macular pigment optical density, a marker of lutein and zeaxanthin concentration in the macula, and lens optical density, an antecedent of cataractous changes, has been suggested. The xanthophylls may act to protect the eye from ultraviolet phototoxicity via quenching reactive oxygen species and/or other mechanisms. Some observational studies have shown that generous intakes of lutein and zeaxanthin, particularly from certain xanthophyll-rich foods like spinach, broccoli and eggs, are associated with a significant reduction in the risk for cataract (up to 20\\%) and for age-related macular degeneration (up to 40\\%). While the pathophysiology of cataract and age-related macular degeneration is complex and contains both environmental and genetic components, research studies suggest dietary factors including antioxidant vitamins and xanthophylls may contribute to a reduction in the risk of these degenerative eye diseases. Further research is necessary to confirm these observations. (PMID: 11023002). Zeaxanthin has been found to be a microbial metabolite, it can be produced by Algibacter, Aquibacter, Escherichia, Flavobacterium, Formosa, Gramella, Hyunsoonleella, Kordia, Mesoflavibacter, Muricauda, Nubsella, Paracoccus, Siansivirga, Sphingomonas, Zeaxanthinibacter and yeast (https://reader.elsevier.com/reader/sd/pii/S0924224417302571?token=DE6BC6CC7DCDEA6150497AA3E375097A00F8E0C12AE03A8E420D85D1AC8855E62103143B5AE0B57E9C5828671F226801). It is a marker for the activity of Bacillus subtilis and/or Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the intestine. Higher levels are associated with higher levels of Bacillus or Pseudomonas. (PMID: 17555270; PMID: 12147474) Zeaxanthin is a carotenol. It has a role as a bacterial metabolite, a cofactor and an antioxidant. It derives from a hydride of a beta-carotene. Zeaxanthin is a most common carotenoid alcohols found in nature that is involved in the xanthophyll cycle. As a coexistent isomer of lutein, zeaxanthin is synthesized in plants and some micro-organisms. It gives the distinct yellow color to many vegetables and other plants including paprika, corn, saffron and wolfberries. Zeaxanthin is one of the two primary xanthophyll carotenoids contained within the retina of the eye and plays a predominant component in the central macula. It is available as a dietary supplement for eye health benefits and potential prevention of age-related macular degeneration. Zeaxanthin is also added as a food dye. Zeaxanthin is a natural product found in Bangia fuscopurpurea, Erythrobacter longus, and other organisms with data available. Carotenoids found in fruits and vegetables. Zeaxanthin accumulates in the MACULA LUTEA. See also: Saffron (part of); Corn (part of); Lycium barbarum fruit (part of). D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids

2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol

2,6-Bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methylphenol, 9ci

C15H24O (220.18270539999997)

2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, also known as butylated hydroxytoluene or BHT, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenylpropanes. These are organic compounds containing a phenylpropane moiety. BHT is a mild, camphor, and musty tasting compound. It has been detected, but not quantified, in soft-necked garlic. This could make BHT a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food. BHT is a synthetic phenolic antioxidant (SPA). SPAs are a family of chemicals used widely in foods, polymers, and cosmetics as radical trapping agents to slow down degradation due to oxidation. Given their widespread use, human exposure is unavoidable and there is public concern regarding environmental contamination by these chemicals. BHT was detected in human urine (PMID:31265952). Antioxidant, used in cosmetics, foods and pharmaceuticals D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants C26170 - Protective Agent > C275 - Antioxidant Same as: D02413 Butylated hydroxytoluene is an antioxidant widely used in foods and in food-related products[1]. Butylated hydroxytoluene is a Ferroptosis inhibitor[2].

Cladosporin

Isocoumarin, 3,4-dihydro-6,8-dihydroxy-3-(6-methyl-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)-

C16H20O5 (292.13106700000003)

D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors

3-Bromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde

Benzaldehyde,3-bromo-4,5-dihydroxy-

C7H5BrO3 (215.942204)

3,5-DIBROMO-4-HYDROXYBENZALDEHYDE

C7H4Br2O2 (277.8578004)

physcion

9,10-Anthracenedione, 1,8-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-6-methyl- (9CI)

C16H12O5 (284.0684702)

Physcion, also known as emodin monomethyl ether or parienin, is a member of the class of compounds known as anthraquinones. Anthraquinones are organic compounds containing either anthracene-9,10-quinone, 1,4-anthraquinone, or 1,2-anthraquinone. Physcion is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Physcion can be synthesized from 2-methylanthraquinone. Physcion can also be synthesized into torososide B and physcion 8-gentiobioside. Physcion can be found in common sage, garden rhubarb, and sorrel, which makes physcion a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Physcion has also been shown to protect lichens against UV-B light, at high altitudes in Alpine regions. The UV-B light stimulates production of parietin and the parietin protects the lichens from damage. Lichens in arctic regions such as Svarlbard retain this capability though they do not encounter damaging levels of UV-B, a capability that could help protect the lichens in case of Ozone layer thinning .

A member of the class of benzaldehydes that is benzaldehyde substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 6, a prenyl group at position 5 and a a hept-5-en-1-yl at position 2. Isolated from Chaetomium globosum and other fungal species, it exhibits radical scavenging activities.

2,6-Dibromo-4-(hydroxymethyl)phenol

C7H6Br2O2 (279.87344959999996)

Urceolatin

C21H12Br2O6 (517.9000572)

A natural product found in Polysiphonia urceolata.

Zeaxanthin

(1R)-4-[(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-18-[(4R)-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexenyl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyl-octadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaenyl]-3,5,5-trimethyl-cyclohex-3-en-1-ol

C40H56O2 (568.4280076)

Meso-zeaxanthin (3R,3´S-zeaxanthin) is a xanthophyll carotenoid, as it contains oxygen and hydrocarbons, and is one of the three stereoisomers of zeaxanthin. Of the three stereoisomers, meso-zeaxanthin is the second most abundant in nature after 3R,3´R-zeaxanthin, which is produced by plants and algae. To date, meso-zeaxanthin has been identified in specific tissues of marine organisms and in the macula lutea, also known as the "yellow spot", of the human retina . Meso-zeaxanthin is a member of the class of compounds known as xanthophylls. Xanthophylls are carotenoids containing an oxygenated carotene backbone. Carotenes are characterized by the presence of two end-groups (mostly cyclohexene rings, but also cyclopentene rings or acyclic groups) linked by a long branched alkyl chain. Carotenes belonging form a subgroup of the carotenoids family. Xanthophylls arise by oxygenation of the carotene backbone. Meso-zeaxanthin is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak acidic compound (based on its pKa). Meso-zeaxanthin can be found in channel catfish, crustaceans, and fishes, which makes meso-zeaxanthin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids Window width for selecting the precursor ion was 3 Da.; This record was created by the financial support of MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 16HP2005 to the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan.

Dibutylhydroxytoluene

Butylated hydroxytoluene

C15H24O (220.18270539999997)

D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants C26170 - Protective Agent > C275 - Antioxidant CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2454 Butylated hydroxytoluene is an antioxidant widely used in foods and in food-related products[1]. Butylated hydroxytoluene is a Ferroptosis inhibitor[2].

Butylated hydroxytoluene

2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol

C15H24O (220.18270539999997)

D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants C26170 - Protective Agent > C275 - Antioxidant Butylated hydroxytoluene is an antioxidant widely used in foods and in food-related products[1]. Butylated hydroxytoluene is a Ferroptosis inhibitor[2].

Ionol

InChI=1\C15H24O\c1-10-8-11(14(2,3)4)13(16)12(9-10)15(5,6)7\h8-9,16H,1-7H

C15H24O (220.18270539999997)

5-hydroxy-6-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)-2-[(1E)-pent-1-en-1-yl]-1-benzofuran-4-carbaldehyde

C19H22O3 (298.15688620000003)

Butylhydroxytoluene

2,6-bis(1,1-Dimethylethyl)-4-methylphenol

C15H24O (220.18270539999997)

D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants C26170 - Protective Agent > C275 - Antioxidant Same as: D02413 Butylated hydroxytoluene is an antioxidant widely used in foods and in food-related products[1]. Butylated hydroxytoluene is a Ferroptosis inhibitor[2].

(3s,10s)-6,13-dibromo-3,10-dimethoxy-2,9-dioxatetracyclo[6.6.2.0⁴,¹⁶.0¹¹,¹⁵]hexadeca-1(14),4(16),5,7,11(15),12-hexaene-7,14-diol

C16H12Br2O6 (457.9000572)