NCBI Taxonomy: 40318
Streptomyces nodosus (ncbi_taxid: 40318)
found 24 associated metabolites at species taxonomy rank level.
Ancestor: Streptomyces
Child Taxonomies: Streptomyces nodosus subsp. asukaensis
gamma-Butyrolactone
Gamma-butyrolactone (GBL), also known as 1,4-butanolide or 1,4-lactone, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as gamma butyrolactones. Gamma butyrolactones are compounds containing a gamma butyrolactone moiety, which consists of an aliphatic five-member ring with four carbon atoms, one oxygen atom, and bears a ketone group on the carbon adjacent to the oxygen atom. GBL can also be classified as a tetrahydrofuran substituted by an oxo group at position 2. Gamma-butyrolactone is soluble in ethanol and moderately miscible in water. Gamma-butyrolactone is a sweet, caramel, and creamy tasting compound. Gamma-butyrolactone exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. It can be endogenously produced from gamma-aminobutyrate and is the precursor of gamma-hydroxybutyrate. Outside of the human body, gamma-butyrolactone has been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as pepper (c. annuum), yellow bell peppers, orange bell peppers, soy beans, evergreen blackberries and a variety of wines (at a concentration of 5 ug/mL) (PMID: 15939164). This could make gamma-butyrolactone a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Gamma-butyrolactone is rapidly converted into gamma-hydroxybutyrate by paraoxonase (lactonase) enzymes, found in the blood. Because it can serve as a prodrug for gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), Gamma-butyrolactone is commonly used as a recreational CNS depressant with effects similar to those of barbiturates. Industrially gamma-butyrolactone is used as a common solvent for polymers and alcohols, a chemical intermediate, a raw material for pharmaceuticals, and as a paint stripper, superglue remover, and a stain remover. Present in morello cherry, melon, pineapple, blackberry, quince, strawberry jam, wine, soybeans, black tea, Bourbon vanilla, wheat bread, crispbread and other breads. Flavour ingredient [DFC]. gamma-Butyrolactone is found in many foods, some of which are yellow bell pepper, pepper (c. annuum), red bell pepper, and pulses. D012997 - Solvents
Aerobactin
Aerobactin is a virulence factor for enteric bacteria found occasionally in humans, and is produced by bacteria such as Enterobacter cloacae. E. cloacae is part of the normal intestinal floras of many individuals and not a primary human pathogen but has been considered to be an important cause of nosocomial infections. Aerobactin secretion in vivo could be an important step in the stages of the infection cycle during which intestine-populating opportunistic bacteria effectively colonize the gut, penetrate the mucous layer covering the intestinal villi, translocate out of intestinal lumen through the epithelial cells, and finally spread to organs within which they may survive. (PMID: 9453621, 8752377) [HMDB] Aerobactin is a virulence factor for enteric bacteria found occasionally in humans, and is produced by bacteria such as Enterobacter cloacae. E. cloacae is part of the normal intestinal floras of many individuals and not a primary human pathogen but has been considered to be an important cause of nosocomial infections. Aerobactin secretion in vivo could be an important step in the stages of the infection cycle during which intestine-populating opportunistic bacteria effectively colonize the gut, penetrate the mucous layer covering the intestinal villi, translocate out of intestinal lumen through the epithelial cells, and finally spread to organs within which they may survive. (PMID: 9453621, 8752377). D064449 - Sequestering Agents > D002614 - Chelating Agents > D007502 - Iron Chelating Agents
asukamycin
A polyketide that is a member of the manumycin family of antibiotics and exhibits strong antibacterial, antifungal, and antineoplastic activities. Isolated from from the actinomycete bacterium Streptomyces nodosus subsp. asukaensis.
Coelichelin
A tetrapeptide hydroxamate siderophore that is isolated from Streptomyces coelicolor.
Melanin
Dermal melanin is produced by melanocytes, which are found in the stratum basale of the epidermis. Although human beings generally possess a similar concentration of melanocytes in their skin, the melanocytes in some individuals and races more frequently or less frequently express the melanin-producing genes, thereby conferring a greater or lesser concentration of skin melanin. Some individual animals and humans have no or very little melanin in their bodies, which is a condition known as albinism. Higher eumelanin levels also can be a disadvantage, however, beyond a higher disposition toward vitamin D deficiency. Dark skin is a complicating factor in the laser removal of port-wine stains. Effective in treating fair skin, lasers generally are less successful in removing port-wine stains in Asians and people of African descent. Higher concentrations of melanin in darker-skinned individuals simply diffuse and absorb the laser radiation, inhibiting light absorption by the targeted tissue. Melanin similarly can complicate laser treatment of other dermatological conditions in people with darker skin. Under the microscope melanin is brown, non-refractile and finely granular with individual granules having a diameter of less than 800 nanometers. This differentiates melanin from common blood breakdown pigments which are larger, chunky and refractile and range in color from green to yellow or red-brown. In heavily pigmented lesions, dense aggregates of melanin can obscure histologic detail. A dilute solution of potassium permanganate is an effective melanin bleach. Pigments causing darkness in skin, hair, feathers, etc. They are irregular polymeric structures and are divided into three groups: allomelanins in the plant kingdom and eumelanins and phaeomelanins in the animal kingdom. Because melanin is an aggregate of smaller component molecules, there are a number of different types of melanin with differing proportions and bonding patterns of these component molecules. Both pheomelanin and eumelanin are found in human skin and hair, but eumelanin is the most abundant melanin in humans, as well as the form most likely to be deficient in albinism. Freckles and moles are formed where there is a localized concentration of melanin in the skin. They are highly associated with pale skin. Melanin is a biopolymer and a neuropeptide. In the early 1970s, John McGinness, Peter Corry, and Peter Proctor reported that melanin is a high-conductivity organic semiconductor (Science, vol 183, 853-855 (1974)). Studies revealed that melanin acted as a voltage-controlled solid-state threshold switch. Further, it emitting a flash of light electroluminescence when it switched. Dermal melanin is produced by melanocytes, which are found in the stratum basale of the epidermis. Although human beings generally possess a similar concentration of melanocytes in their skin, the melanocytes in some individuals and races more frequently or less frequently express the melanin-producing genes, thereby conferring a greater or lesser concentration of skin melanin. Some individual animals and humans have no or very little melanin in their bodies, which is a condition known as albinism.
gamma-Butyrolactone
A butan-4-olide that is tetrahydrofuran substituted by an oxo group at position 2. D012997 - Solvents
Aerobactin
D064449 - Sequestering Agents > D002614 - Chelating Agents > D007502 - Iron Chelating Agents