NCBI Taxonomy: 33814

Berberis stolonifera (ncbi_taxid: 33814)

found 153 associated metabolites at species taxonomy rank level.

Ancestor: Berberis

Child Taxonomies: none taxonomy data.

Berbamine

16H-1,24:6,9-dietheno-11,15-metheno-2H-pyrido(2,3:17,18)(1,11)dioxacycloeicosino(2,3,4-ij)isoquinolin-12-ol, 3,4,4a,5,16a,17,18,19-octahydro-21,22,26-trimethoxy-4,17-dimethyl-, hydrochloride, hydrate (1:1:4), (4aS,16aR)-

C37H40N2O6 (608.288622)


Berbamine is a member of isoquinolines and a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid. Berbamine is a natural product found in Berberis poiretii, Berberis integerrima Berbamine inhibits the proliferation of KM3 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Combination of berbamine with dexamethasone (Dex), doxorubicin (Dox) or arsenic trioxide (ATO) resulted in enhanced inhibition of cell growth. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that KM3 cells were arrested at G1 phase and apoptotic cells increased from 0.54\\\% to 51.83\\\% for 36 h. Morphological changes of cells undergoing apoptosis were observed under light microscope. Berbamine treatment led to increased expression of A20, down-regulation of IKKα, p-IκBα, and followed by inhibition of p65 nuclear localization. As a result, NF-κB downstream targets such as cyclinD1, Bcl-xL, Bid and survivin were down-regulated. Berbamine inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection by compromising TRPMLs-mediated endolysosomal trafficking of ACE2. (+)-Berbamine. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=478-61-5 (retrieved 2024-06-29) (CAS RN: 478-61-5). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Berbamine is a natural compound extracted from traditional Chinese medicine?Phellodendron amurense Rupr. with anti-tumor, immunomodulatory and cardiovascular effects. Berbamine?is a calcium channel blocker. Berbamine is a natural compound extracted from traditional Chinese medicine?Phellodendron amurense Rupr. with anti-tumor, immunomodulatory and cardiovascular effects. Berbamine?is a calcium channel blocker.

   

Berberine

16,17-dimethoxy-5,7-dioxa-13lambda5-azapentacyclo[11.8.0.0^{2,10}.0^{4,8}.0^{15,20}]henicosa-1(21),2,4(8),9,13,15,17,19-octaen-13-ylium

[C20H18NO4]+ (336.1235768)


Berberine is an organic heteropentacyclic compound, an alkaloid antibiotic, a botanical anti-fungal agent and a berberine alkaloid. It has a role as an antilipemic drug, a hypoglycemic agent, an antioxidant, a potassium channel blocker, an antineoplastic agent, an EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor, an EC 1.1.1.141 [15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor, an EC 1.13.11.52 (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor, an EC 1.21.3.3 (reticuline oxidase) inhibitor, an EC 2.1.1.116 [3-hydroxy-N-methyl-(S)-coclaurine 4-O-methyltransferase] inhibitor, an EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor, an EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor, an EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor, an EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor, an EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor, an EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor, an EC 2.7.11.10 (IkappaB kinase) inhibitor, an EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor, a geroprotector and a metabolite. An alkaloid from Hydrastis canadensis L., Berberidaceae. It is also found in many other plants. It is relatively toxic parenterally, but has been used orally for various parasitic and fungal infections and as antidiarrheal. Berberine is a quaternary ammonia compound found in many botanical products, including goldenseal, barberry and Oregon grape, which is used for its purported antioxidant and antimicrobial properties for a host of conditions, including obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, heart failure, H. pylori infection and colonic adenoma prevention. Berberine has not been linked to serum aminotransferase elevations during therapy nor to instances of clinically apparent liver injury. Berberine is a natural product found in Berberis poiretii, Thalictrum delavayi, and other organisms with data available. Berberine is a quaternary ammonium salt of an isoquinoline alkaloid and active component of various Chinese herbs, with potential antineoplastic, radiosensitizing, anti-inflammatory, anti-lipidemic and antidiabetic activities. Although the mechanisms of action through which berberine exerts its effects are not yet fully elucidated, upon administration this agent appears to suppress the activation of various proteins and/or modulate the expression of a variety of genes involved in tumorigenesis and inflammation, including, but not limited to transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB), myeloid cell leukemia 1 (Mcl-1), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-xl), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), E-selectin, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), C-X-C motif chemokine 2 (CXCL2), cyclin D1, activator protein (AP-1), hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), arylamine N-acetyltransferase (NAT), and DNA topoisomerase I and II. The modulation of gene expression may induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and inhibit cancer cell proliferation. In addition, berberine modulates lipid and glucose metabolism. An alkaloid from Hydrastis canadensis L., Berberidaceae. It is also found in many other plants. It is relatively toxic parenterally, but has been used orally for various parasitic and fungal infections and as antidiarrheal. See also: Goldenseal (part of); Berberis aristata stem (part of). Berberine is a quaternary ammonium salt that belongs to the protoberberine group of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids. Chemically, berberine is classified as an isoquinoline alkaloid. More specifically, berberine is a plant alkaloid derived from tyrosine through a complex 8 step biosynthetic process. Berberine is found in plants such as Berberis vulgaris (barberry), Berberis aristata (tree turmeric), Mahonia aquifolium (Oregon grape) and Hydrastis canadensis (goldenseal). Two other known berberine-containing plants are Phellodendron chinense and Phellodendron amurense. Berberine is usually found in the roots, rhizomes, stems, and bark of Berberis plants. Due to berberines intense yellow color, plants that contain berberine were traditionally used to dye wool, leather, and wood. Under ultraviolet light, berberine shows a strong yellow fluorescence, making it useful in histology for staining heparin in mast cells. Berberine is a bioactive plant compound that has been frequently used in traditional medicine. Among the known physiological effects or bioactivities are: 1) Antimicrobial action against bacteria, fungi, protozoa, viruses, helminthes, and Chlamydia; 2) Antagonism against the effects of cholera and E coli heat-stable enterotoxin; 3) Inhibition of intestinal ion secretion and of smooth muscle contraction; 4) Reduction of inflammation and 5) Stimulation of bile secretion and bilirubin discharge (PMID:32335802). Berberine can inhibit bacterial growth in the gut, including Helicobacter pylori, protect the intestinal epithelial barrier from injury, and ameliorate liver injury. Currently, berberine is sold as an Over-the-Counter (OTC) drug for treating gastrointestinal infections in China (PMID:18442638). Berberine also inhibits the proliferation of various types of cancer cells and impedes invasion and metastasis (PMID:32335802). Recent evidence has also confirmed that berberine improves the efficacy and safety of both chemo and radiotherapies for cancer treatment (PMID:32335802). Berberine has also been shown to regulate glucose and lipid metabolism in vitro and in vivo (PMID:18442638). In fact, berberine is the main active component of an ancient Chinese herb Coptis chinensis French, which has been used to treat diabetes for thousands of years. As an anti-diabetic, berberine increases glucose uptake by muscle fibers independent of insulin levels. It triggers AMPK activation and increases glycolysis, leading to decreased insulin resistance and decreased oxygen respiration. The same mechanism leads to a reduction in gluconeogenesis in the liver. AMPK activation by berberine also leads to an antiatherosclerotic effect in mice. Berberines AMPK activation may also underlie berberines anti-obesity effects and favorable influence on weight loss (PMID:18442638). While its use as a medication is widely touted, it is important to remember that berberine inhibits CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 enzymes, both of which are involved in the metabolism of many endogenous substances and xenobiotics, including a number of prescription drugs. An alkaloid from Hydrastis canadensis L., Berberidaceae. It is also found in many other plants. It is relatively toxic parenterally, but has been used orally for various parasitic and fungal infections and as antidiarrheal. [HMDB] COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials [Raw Data] CBA98_Berberine_pos_50eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA98_Berberine_pos_10eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA98_Berberine_pos_20eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA98_Berberine_pos_40eV.txt [Raw Data] CBA98_Berberine_pos_30eV.txt Berberine. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=2086-83-1 (retrieved 2024-09-04) (CAS RN: 2086-83-1). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

   

Isotetrandrine

(1S,14S)-9,20,21,25-tetramethoxy-15,30-dimethyl-7,23-dioxa-15,30-diazaheptacyc lo[22.6.2.2<3,6>.1<8,12>.1<14,18>.0<22,36>.0<27,31>]hexatriaconta-3(33),4,6(34 ),8(35),9,11,18(36),19,21,24,26,31-dodecaene

C38H42N2O6 (622.3042712000001)


(+)-Tetrandrine is a member of isoquinolines and a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid. Tetrandrine is a natural product found in Pachygone dasycarpa, Cyclea barbata, and other organisms with data available. Tetrandrine is a natural, bis-benzylisoquinoline alkaloid isolated from the root of the plant Radix stephania tetrandrae. Tetrandrine non-selectively inhibits calcium channel activity and induces G1 blockade of the G1 phase of the cell cycle and apoptosis in various cell types, resulting in immunosuppressive, anti-proliferative and free radical scavenging effects. This agent also increases glucose utilization by enhancing hepatocyte glycogen synthesis, resulting in the lowering of plasma glucose. (NCI04) C78274 - Agent Affecting Cardiovascular System > C270 - Antihypertensive Agent > C333 - Calcium Channel Blocker D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000981 - Antiprotozoal Agents COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D002121 - Calcium Channel Blockers D007155 - Immunologic Factors > D007166 - Immunosuppressive Agents D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000998 - Antiviral Agents C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C574 - Immunosuppressant D000077264 - Calcium-Regulating Hormones and Agents D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents C93038 - Cation Channel Blocker Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Tetrandrine (NSC-77037; d-Tetrandrine) is a bis-benzyl-isoquinoline alkaloid, which inhibits voltage-gated Ca2+ current (ICa) and Ca2+-activated K+ current. Tetrandrine (NSC-77037; d-Tetrandrine) is a bis-benzyl-isoquinoline alkaloid, which inhibits voltage-gated Ca2+ current (ICa) and Ca2+-activated K+ current.

   

Palmatine

dibenzo(a,g)quinolizinium, 5,6-dihydro-2,3,9,10-tetramethoxy-, hydroxide (1:1)

[C21H22NO4]+ (352.15487520000005)


Annotation level-1 Palmatine is a berberine alkaloid and an organic heterotetracyclic compound. It has a role as a plant metabolite. Palmatine is a natural product found in Coptis chinensis var. brevisepala, Thalictrum petaloideum, and other organisms with data available. See also: Berberis aristata stem (part of). KEIO_ID P071; [MS2] KO009210 KEIO_ID P071

   

Laurolitsine

4,16-dimethoxy-10-azatetracyclo[7.7.1.0²,⁷.0¹³,¹⁷]heptadeca-1(17),2,4,6,13,15-hexaene-5,15-diol

C18H19NO4 (313.1314014)


Laurolistine is an aporphine alkaloid that is noraporphine substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 9 and methoxy groups at positions 1 and 10. Isolated from Litsea glutinosa and Lindera chunii, exhibits inhibitory activity against HIV-1 integrase. It has a role as a metabolite and a HIV-1 integrase inhibitor. It is a member of phenols, an aromatic ether and an aporphine alkaloid. It is functionally related to an aporphine. Laurolitsine is a natural product found in Damburneya salicifolia, Neolitsea sericea, and other organisms with data available. Laurolitsine is an alkaloid from Sassafras and the leaves of Peumus boldus (boldo). Laurolitsine is a flavouring ingredient. Alkaloid from Sassafras and the leaves of Peumus boldus (boldo). Flavouring ingredient

   

Columbamine

2-Hydroxy-3,9,10-trimethoxy-5,6-dihydroisoquinolino[3,2-a]isoquinolin-7-ium

C20H20NO4+ (338.13922600000006)


Columbamine is a berberine alkaloid and an organic heterotetracyclic compound. Columbamine is a natural product found in Thalictrum podocarpum, Berberis thunbergii, and other organisms with data available.

   

(S)-Reticuline

7-ISOQUINOLINOL, 1,2,3,4-TETRAHYDRO-1-((3-HYDROXY-4-METHOXYPHENYL)METHYL)-6-METHOXY-2-METHYL-, (1S)-

C19H23NO4 (329.16269980000004)


(S)-Reticuline is an endogenous precursor of morphine (PMID: 15383669). (S)-Reticuline is a key intermediate in the synthesis of morphine, the major active metabolite of the opium poppy. "Endogenous morphine" has been long isolated and authenticated by mass spectrometry in trace amounts from animal- and human-specific tissue or fluids (PMID: 15874902). Human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) were shown capable of synthesizing morphine as well. (S)-Reticuline undergoes a change of configuration at C-1 during its transformation into salutaridinol and thebaine. From thebaine, there is a bifurcate pathway leading to morphine proceeding via codeine or oripavine, in both plants and mammals (PMID 15937106). (S)-reticuline is the (S)-enantiomer of reticuline. It has a role as an EC 2.1.1.116 [3-hydroxy-N-methyl-(S)-coclaurine 4-O-methyltransferase] inhibitor. It is a conjugate base of a (S)-reticulinium(1+). It is an enantiomer of a (R)-reticuline. Reticuline is a natural product found in Fumaria capreolata, Berberis integerrima, and other organisms with data available. See also: Peumus boldus leaf (part of). Alkaloid from Papaver somniferum (opium poppy) and Annona reticulata (custard apple) The (S)-enantiomer of reticuline.

   

Oxyacanthine

2H-1,24:12,15-Dietheno-6,10-metheno-16H-pyrido[2,3:17,18][1,10]dioxacycloeicosino[2,3,4-ij]isoquinolin-9-ol,3,4,4a,5,16a,17,18,19-octahydro-21,22,26-trimethoxy-4,17-dimethyl-, (4aR,16aS)-

C37H40N2O6 (608.288622)


Oxyacanthine is found in fruits. Oxyacanthine is an alkaloid from Berberis vulgaris (barberry

   

Magnoline

(1S)-1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-1-[[4-[2-hydroxy-5-[[(1R)-1,2,3,4- tetrahydro-7-hydroxy-6-methoxy-2-methyl-1- isoquinolinyl]methyl]phenoxy]phenyl]methyl]-6-methoxy-2-methyl-7- isoquinolinol

C36H40N2O6 (596.288622)


   

Isotetrandrine

9,20,21,25-tetramethoxy-15,30-dimethyl-7,23-dioxa-15,30-diazaheptacyclo[22.6.2.2³,⁶.1⁸,¹².1¹⁴,¹⁸.0²⁷,³¹.0²²,³³]hexatriaconta-3,5,8(34),9,11,18(33),19,21,24(32),25,27(31),35-dodecaene

C38H42N2O6 (622.3042712000001)


Isotetrandrine is found in herbs and spices. Isotetrandrine is an alkaloid from Laurelia sempervirens (Peruvian nutmeg D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000981 - Antiprotozoal Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D002121 - Calcium Channel Blockers D007155 - Immunologic Factors > D007166 - Immunosuppressive Agents D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000998 - Antiviral Agents D000077264 - Calcium-Regulating Hormones and Agents D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents

   

isotetrandrine

O,O-Dimethylstepholine

C38H42N2O6 (622.3042712000001)


D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000981 - Antiprotozoal Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D002121 - Calcium Channel Blockers D007155 - Immunologic Factors > D007166 - Immunosuppressive Agents D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000998 - Antiviral Agents D000077264 - Calcium-Regulating Hormones and Agents D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents

   

Columbamine

Dehydroisocorypalmine

C20H20NO4 (338.13922600000006)


   

Berberine

Berberine

[C20H18NO4]+ (336.1235768)


Origin: Plant; SubCategory_DNP: Isoquinoline alkaloids, Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported by the Max-Planck-Society IPB_RECORD: 2521; CONFIDENCE confident structure IPB_RECORD: 821; CONFIDENCE confident structure

   

Oxyacanthine

2H-1,24:12,15-Dietheno-6,10-metheno-16H-pyrido[2,3:17,18][1,10]dioxacycloeicosino[2,3,4-ij]isoquinolin-9-ol,3,4,4a,5,16a,17,18,19-octahydro-21,22,26-trimethoxy-4,17-dimethyl-, (4aR,16aS)-

C37H40N2O6 (608.288622)


A macrocycle that is oxyacanthan that is substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6, 6, and 7, methyl groups at positions 2 and 2, and a hydroxy group at the 12 position. Annotation level-1

   

Palmatin

Palmatine

[C21H22NO4]+ (352.15487520000005)


Origin: Plant; Formula(Parent): C21H22NO4; Bottle Name:Palmatine chloride; PRIME Parent Name:Palmatine; PRIME in-house No.:V0288; SubCategory_DNP: Isoquinoline alkaloids, Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids

   
   

Palmatine

dibenzo(a,g)quinolizinium, 5,6-dihydro-2,3,9,10-tetramethoxy-, hydroxide (1:1)

C21H22NO4+ (352.15487520000005)


Palmatine is a berberine alkaloid and an organic heterotetracyclic compound. It has a role as a plant metabolite. Palmatine is a natural product found in Coptis chinensis var. brevisepala, Thalictrum petaloideum, and other organisms with data available. See also: Berberis aristata stem (part of).

   
   
   

Norboldine

InChI=1\C18H19NO4\c1-22-15-8-11-10(7-13(15)20)5-12-16-9(3-4-19-12)6-14(21)18(23-2)17(11)16\h6-8,12,19-21H,3-5H2,1-2H

C18H19NO4 (313.1314014)


   

2,9,10-Trimethoxy-5,6-dihydroisoquinolino[2,1-b]isoquinolin-3-one

2,9,10-Trimethoxy-5,6-dihydroisoquinolino[2,1-b]isoquinolin-3-one

C20H19NO4 (337.1314014000001)


   

2,9,10-trimethoxy-6,7-dihydro-5H-isoquinolino[2,1-b]isoquinolin-7-ium-3-one

2,9,10-trimethoxy-6,7-dihydro-5H-isoquinolino[2,1-b]isoquinolin-7-ium-3-one

C20H20NO4+ (338.13922600000006)


   

Berberine

16,17-dimethoxy-5,7-dioxa-13lambda5-azapentacyclo[11.8.0.0^{2,10}.0^{4,8}.0^{15,20}]henicosa-1(21),2,4(8),9,13,15,17,19-octaen-13-ylium

C20H18NO4+ (336.1235768)


Berberine is an organic heteropentacyclic compound, an alkaloid antibiotic, a botanical anti-fungal agent and a berberine alkaloid. It has a role as an antilipemic drug, a hypoglycemic agent, an antioxidant, a potassium channel blocker, an antineoplastic agent, an EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor, an EC 1.1.1.141 [15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor, an EC 1.13.11.52 (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor, an EC 1.21.3.3 (reticuline oxidase) inhibitor, an EC 2.1.1.116 [3-hydroxy-N-methyl-(S)-coclaurine 4-O-methyltransferase] inhibitor, an EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor, an EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor, an EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor, an EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor, an EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor, an EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor, an EC 2.7.11.10 (IkappaB kinase) inhibitor, an EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor, a geroprotector and a metabolite. An alkaloid from Hydrastis canadensis L., Berberidaceae. It is also found in many other plants. It is relatively toxic parenterally, but has been used orally for various parasitic and fungal infections and as antidiarrheal. Berberine is a quaternary ammonia compound found in many botanical products, including goldenseal, barberry and Oregon grape, which is used for its purported antioxidant and antimicrobial properties for a host of conditions, including obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, heart failure, H. pylori infection and colonic adenoma prevention. Berberine has not been linked to serum aminotransferase elevations during therapy nor to instances of clinically apparent liver injury. Berberine is a natural product found in Berberis poiretii, Thalictrum delavayi, and other organisms with data available. Berberine is a quaternary ammonium salt of an isoquinoline alkaloid and active component of various Chinese herbs, with potential antineoplastic, radiosensitizing, anti-inflammatory, anti-lipidemic and antidiabetic activities. Although the mechanisms of action through which berberine exerts its effects are not yet fully elucidated, upon administration this agent appears to suppress the activation of various proteins and/or modulate the expression of a variety of genes involved in tumorigenesis and inflammation, including, but not limited to transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB), myeloid cell leukemia 1 (Mcl-1), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-xl), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), E-selectin, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), C-X-C motif chemokine 2 (CXCL2), cyclin D1, activator protein (AP-1), hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), arylamine N-acetyltransferase (NAT), and DNA topoisomerase I and II. The modulation of gene expression may induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and inhibit cancer cell proliferation. In addition, berberine modulates lipid and glucose metabolism. An alkaloid from Hydrastis canadensis L., Berberidaceae. It is also found in many other plants. It is relatively toxic parenterally, but has been used orally for various parasitic and fungal infections and as antidiarrheal. See also: Goldenseal (part of); Berberis aristata stem (part of). Berberine is a quaternary ammonium salt that belongs to the protoberberine group of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids. Chemically, berberine is classified as an isoquinoline alkaloid. More specifically, berberine is a plant alkaloid derived from tyrosine through a complex 8 step biosynthetic process. Berberine is found in plants such as Berberis vulgaris (barberry), Berberis aristata (tree turmeric), Mahonia aquifolium (Oregon grape) and Hydrastis canadensis (goldenseal). Two other known berberine-containing plants are Phellodendron chinense and Phellodendron amurense. Berberine is usually found in the roots, rhizomes, stems, and bark of Berberis plants. Due to berberines intense yellow color, plants that contain berberine were traditionally used to dye wool, leather, and wood. Under ultraviolet light, berberine shows a strong yellow fluorescence, making it useful in histology for staining heparin in mast cells. Berberine is a bioactive plant compound that has been frequently used in traditional medicine. Among the known physiological effects or bioactivities are: 1) Antimicrobial action against bacteria, fungi, protozoa, viruses, helminthes, and Chlamydia; 2) Antagonism against the effects of cholera and E coli heat-stable enterotoxin; 3) Inhibition of intestinal ion secretion and of smooth muscle contraction; 4) Reduction of inflammation and 5) Stimulation of bile secretion and bilirubin discharge (PMID:32335802). Berberine can inhibit bacterial growth in the gut, including Helicobacter pylori, protect the intestinal epithelial barrier from injury, and ameliorate liver injury. Currently, berberine is sold as an Over-the-Counter (OTC) drug for treating gastrointestinal infections in China (PMID:18442638). Berberine also inhibits the proliferation of various types of cancer cells and impedes invasion and metastasis (PMID:32335802). Recent evidence has also confirmed that berberine improves the efficacy and safety of both chemo and radiotherapies for cancer treatment (PMID:32335802). Berberine has also been shown to regulate glucose and lipid metabolism in vitro and in vivo (PMID:18442638). In fact, berberine is the main active component of an ancient Chinese herb Coptis chinensis French, which has been used to treat diabetes for thousands of years. As an anti-diabetic, berberine increases glucose uptake by muscle fibers independent of insulin levels. It triggers AMPK activation and increases glycolysis, leading to decreased insulin resistance and decreased oxygen respiration. The same mechanism leads to a reduction in gluconeogenesis in the liver. AMPK activation by berberine also leads to an antiatherosclerotic effect in mice. Berberines AMPK activation may also underlie berberines anti-obesity effects and favorable influence on weight loss (PMID:18442638). While its use as a medication is widely touted, it is important to remember that berberine inhibits CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 enzymes, both of which are involved in the metabolism of many endogenous substances and xenobiotics, including a number of prescription drugs. An alkaloid from Hydrastis canadensis L., Berberidaceae. It is also found in many other plants. It is relatively toxic parenterally, but has been used orally for various parasitic and fungal infections and as antidiarrheal. [HMDB] COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS

   

Norboldine

Norboldine; (S)-5,6,6a,7-Tetrahydro-1,10-dimethoxy-4H-dibenzo[de,g]quinoline-2,9-diol

C18H19NO4 (313.1314014)


Laurolistine is an aporphine alkaloid that is noraporphine substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 9 and methoxy groups at positions 1 and 10. Isolated from Litsea glutinosa and Lindera chunii, exhibits inhibitory activity against HIV-1 integrase. It has a role as a metabolite and a HIV-1 integrase inhibitor. It is a member of phenols, an aromatic ether and an aporphine alkaloid. It is functionally related to an aporphine. Laurolitsine is a natural product found in Damburneya salicifolia, Neolitsea sericea, and other organisms with data available. An aporphine alkaloid that is noraporphine substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 9 and methoxy groups at positions 1 and 10. Isolated from Litsea glutinosa and Lindera chunii, exhibits inhibitory activity against HIV-1 integrase.

   

(1r,14s)-20,25-dimethoxy-15,30-dimethyl-8,23-dioxa-15,30-diazaheptacyclo[22.6.2.2⁹,¹².1³,⁷.1¹⁴,¹⁸.0²⁷,³¹.0²²,³³]hexatriaconta-3,5,7(36),9,11,18(33),19,21,24(32),25,27(31),34-dodecaene-6,21-diol

(1r,14s)-20,25-dimethoxy-15,30-dimethyl-8,23-dioxa-15,30-diazaheptacyclo[22.6.2.2⁹,¹².1³,⁷.1¹⁴,¹⁸.0²⁷,³¹.0²²,³³]hexatriaconta-3,5,7(36),9,11,18(33),19,21,24(32),25,27(31),34-dodecaene-6,21-diol

C36H38N2O6 (594.2729727999999)


   

(1r,14s)-20,21,25-trimethoxy-15,30-dimethyl-8,23-dioxa-15,30-diazaheptacyclo[22.6.2.2⁹,¹².1³,⁷.1¹⁴,¹⁸.0²⁷,³¹.0²²,³³]hexatriaconta-3,5,7(36),9,11,18(33),19,21,24(32),25,27(31),34-dodecaen-6-ol

(1r,14s)-20,21,25-trimethoxy-15,30-dimethyl-8,23-dioxa-15,30-diazaheptacyclo[22.6.2.2⁹,¹².1³,⁷.1¹⁴,¹⁸.0²⁷,³¹.0²²,³³]hexatriaconta-3,5,7(36),9,11,18(33),19,21,24(32),25,27(31),34-dodecaen-6-ol

C37H40N2O6 (608.288622)


   

20,21,25-trimethoxy-15,30-dimethyl-7,23-dioxa-15,30-diazaheptacyclo[22.6.2.2³,⁶.1⁸,¹².1¹⁴,¹⁸.0²⁷,³¹.0²²,³³]hexatriaconta-3,5,8(34),9,11,18(33),19,21,24(32),25,27(31),35-dodecaen-9-ol

20,21,25-trimethoxy-15,30-dimethyl-7,23-dioxa-15,30-diazaheptacyclo[22.6.2.2³,⁶.1⁸,¹².1¹⁴,¹⁸.0²⁷,³¹.0²²,³³]hexatriaconta-3,5,8(34),9,11,18(33),19,21,24(32),25,27(31),35-dodecaen-9-ol

C37H40N2O6 (608.288622)


   

(1r,14s)-20,21,25-trimethoxy-15,30-dimethyl-7,23-dioxa-15,30-diazaheptacyclo[22.6.2.2³,⁶.1⁸,¹².1¹⁴,¹⁸.0²⁷,³¹.0²²,³³]hexatriaconta-3,5,8(34),9,11,18(33),19,21,24(32),25,27(31),35-dodecaen-9-ol

(1r,14s)-20,21,25-trimethoxy-15,30-dimethyl-7,23-dioxa-15,30-diazaheptacyclo[22.6.2.2³,⁶.1⁸,¹².1¹⁴,¹⁸.0²⁷,³¹.0²²,³³]hexatriaconta-3,5,8(34),9,11,18(33),19,21,24(32),25,27(31),35-dodecaen-9-ol

C37H40N2O6 (608.288622)


   

20,25-dimethoxy-15,30-dimethyl-8,23-dioxa-15,30-diazaheptacyclo[22.6.2.2⁹,¹².1³,⁷.1¹⁴,¹⁸.0²⁷,³¹.0²²,³³]hexatriaconta-3,5,7(36),9,11,18(33),19,21,24(32),25,27(31),34-dodecaene-6,21-diol

20,25-dimethoxy-15,30-dimethyl-8,23-dioxa-15,30-diazaheptacyclo[22.6.2.2⁹,¹².1³,⁷.1¹⁴,¹⁸.0²⁷,³¹.0²²,³³]hexatriaconta-3,5,7(36),9,11,18(33),19,21,24(32),25,27(31),34-dodecaene-6,21-diol

C36H38N2O6 (594.2729727999999)


   

(1r,14s)-9,20,21,25-tetramethoxy-15,30-dimethyl-7,23-dioxa-15,30-diazaheptacyclo[22.6.2.2³,⁶.1⁸,¹².1¹⁴,¹⁸.0²⁷,³¹.0²²,³³]hexatriaconta-3,5,8(34),9,11,18(33),19,21,24,26,31,35-dodecaene

(1r,14s)-9,20,21,25-tetramethoxy-15,30-dimethyl-7,23-dioxa-15,30-diazaheptacyclo[22.6.2.2³,⁶.1⁸,¹².1¹⁴,¹⁸.0²⁷,³¹.0²²,³³]hexatriaconta-3,5,8(34),9,11,18(33),19,21,24,26,31,35-dodecaene

C38H42N2O6 (622.3042712000001)


   

3,4,11-trimethoxy-7,8-dihydro-6-azatetraphen-10-one

3,4,11-trimethoxy-7,8-dihydro-6-azatetraphen-10-one

C20H19NO4 (337.1314014000001)


   

(1s,14r)-9,20,21,25-tetramethoxy-15,30-dimethyl-7,23-dioxa-15,30-diazaheptacyclo[22.6.2.2³,⁶.1⁸,¹².1¹⁴,¹⁸.0²⁷,³¹.0²²,³³]hexatriaconta-3,5,8(34),9,11,18(33),19,21,24,26,31,35-dodecaene

(1s,14r)-9,20,21,25-tetramethoxy-15,30-dimethyl-7,23-dioxa-15,30-diazaheptacyclo[22.6.2.2³,⁶.1⁸,¹².1¹⁴,¹⁸.0²⁷,³¹.0²²,³³]hexatriaconta-3,5,8(34),9,11,18(33),19,21,24,26,31,35-dodecaene

C38H42N2O6 (622.3042712000001)


   

4,16-dimethoxy-10-azatetracyclo[7.7.1.0²,⁷.0¹³,¹⁷]heptadeca-1(17),2(7),3,5,13,15-hexaene-5,15-diol

4,16-dimethoxy-10-azatetracyclo[7.7.1.0²,⁷.0¹³,¹⁷]heptadeca-1(17),2(7),3,5,13,15-hexaene-5,15-diol

C18H19NO4 (313.1314014)


   

(1s)-1-{[4-(2-hydroxy-5-{[(1r)-7-hydroxy-6-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-1-yl]methyl}phenoxy)phenyl]methyl}-6-methoxy-2-methyl-3,4-dihydro-1h-isoquinolin-7-ol

(1s)-1-{[4-(2-hydroxy-5-{[(1r)-7-hydroxy-6-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-1-yl]methyl}phenoxy)phenyl]methyl}-6-methoxy-2-methyl-3,4-dihydro-1h-isoquinolin-7-ol

C35H38N2O6 (582.2729727999999)


   

1-[(4-{2-hydroxy-5-[(7-hydroxy-6-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-1-yl)methyl]phenoxy}phenyl)methyl]-6-methoxy-2-methyl-3,4-dihydro-1h-isoquinolin-7-ol

1-[(4-{2-hydroxy-5-[(7-hydroxy-6-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-1-yl)methyl]phenoxy}phenyl)methyl]-6-methoxy-2-methyl-3,4-dihydro-1h-isoquinolin-7-ol

C35H38N2O6 (582.2729727999999)


   

(1s,14r)-20,21,25-trimethoxy-15,30-dimethyl-7,23-dioxa-15,30-diazaheptacyclo[22.6.2.2³,⁶.1⁸,¹².1¹⁴,¹⁸.0²⁷,³¹.0²²,³³]hexatriaconta-3,5,8(34),9,11,18(33),19,21,24(32),25,27(31),35-dodecaen-9-ol

(1s,14r)-20,21,25-trimethoxy-15,30-dimethyl-7,23-dioxa-15,30-diazaheptacyclo[22.6.2.2³,⁶.1⁸,¹².1¹⁴,¹⁸.0²⁷,³¹.0²²,³³]hexatriaconta-3,5,8(34),9,11,18(33),19,21,24(32),25,27(31),35-dodecaen-9-ol

C37H40N2O6 (608.288622)