NCBI Taxonomy: 32561

Sauria (ncbi_taxid: 32561)

found 46 associated metabolites at clade taxonomy rank level.

Ancestor: Sauropsida

Child Taxonomies: Lepidosauria, Archelosauria

Adenosine

(2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol

C10H13N5O4 (267.09674980000005)


Adenosine is a ribonucleoside composed of a molecule of adenine attached to a ribofuranose moiety via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond. It has a role as an anti-arrhythmia drug, a vasodilator agent, an analgesic, a human metabolite and a fundamental metabolite. It is a purines D-ribonucleoside and a member of adenosines. It is functionally related to an adenine. The structure of adenosine was first described in 1931, though the vasodilating effects were not described in literature until the 1940s. Adenosine is indicated as an adjunct to thallium-201 in myocardial perfusion scintigraphy, though it is rarely used in this indication, having largely been replaced by [dipyridamole] and [regadenson]. Adenosine is also indicated in the treatment of supraventricular tachycardia. Adenosine was granted FDA approval on 30 October 1989. Adenosine is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Adenosine is an Adenosine Receptor Agonist. The mechanism of action of adenosine is as an Adenosine Receptor Agonist. Adenosine is a natural product found in Smilax bracteata, Mikania laevigata, and other organisms with data available. Adenosine is a ribonucleoside comprised of adenine bound to ribose, with vasodilatory, antiarrhythmic and analgesic activities. Phosphorylated forms of adenosine play roles in cellular energy transfer, signal transduction and the synthesis of RNA. Adenosine is a nucleoside that is composed of adenine and d-ribose. Adenosine or adenosine derivatives play many important biological roles in addition to being components of DNA and RNA. For instance, adenosine plays an important role in energy transfer - as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP). It also plays a role in signal transduction as cyclic adenosine monophosphate, cAMP. Adenosine itself is both a neurotransmitter and potent vasodilator. When administered intravenously, adenosine causes transient heart block in the AV node. Because of the effects of adenosine on AV node-dependent supraventricular tachycardia, adenosine is considered a class V antiarrhythmic agent. Adenosine is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A nucleoside that is composed of adenine and d-ribose. Adenosine or adenosine derivatives play many important biological roles in addition to being components of DNA and RNA. Adenosine itself is a neurotransmitter. See also: Adenosine; Niacinamide (component of); Adenosine; Glycerin (component of); Adenosine; ginsenosides (component of) ... View More ... Adenosine is a nucleoside that is composed of adenine and D-ribose. Adenosine or adenosine derivatives play many important biological roles in addition to being components of DNA and RNA. For instance, adenosine plays an important role in energy transfer as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP). It also plays a role in signal transduction as cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Adenosine itself is both a neurotransmitter and potent vasodilator. When administered intravenously adenosine causes transient heart block in the AV node. Due to the effects of adenosine on AV node-dependent supraventricular tachycardia, adenosine is considered a class V antiarrhythmic agent. Overdoses of adenosine intake (as a drug) can lead to several side effects including chest pain, feeling faint, shortness of breath, and tingling of the senses. Serious side effects include a worsening dysrhythmia and low blood pressure. When present in sufficiently high levels, adenosine can act as an immunotoxin and a metabotoxin. An immunotoxin disrupts, limits the function, or destroys immune cells. A metabotoxin is an endogenous metabolite that causes adverse health effects at chronically high levels. Chronically high levels of adenosine are associated with adenosine deaminase deficiency. Adenosine is a precursor to deoxyadenosine, which is a precursor to dATP. A buildup of dATP in cells inhibits ribonucleotide reductase and prevents DNA synthesis, so cells are unable to divide. Since developing T cells and B cells are some of the most mitotically active cells, they are unable to divide and propagate to respond to immune challenges. High levels of deoxyadenosine also lead to an increase in S-adenosylhomocysteine, which is toxic to immature lymphocytes. Adenosine is a nucleoside composed of a molecule of adenine attached to a ribose sugar molecule (ribofuranose) moiety via a beta-N9-glycosidic bond. [Wikipedia]. Adenosine is found in many foods, some of which are borage, japanese persimmon, nuts, and barley. COVID info from PDB, Protein Data Bank, COVID-19 Disease Map, clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials A ribonucleoside composed of a molecule of adenine attached to a ribofuranose moiety via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond. Adenosine. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=58-61-7 (retrieved 2024-06-29) (CAS RN: 58-61-7). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Adenosine (Adenine riboside), a ubiquitous endogenous autacoid, acts through the enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Adenosine affects almost all aspects of cellular physiology, including neuronal activity, vascular function, platelet aggregation, and blood cell regulation[1][2]. Adenosine (Adenine riboside), a ubiquitous endogenous autacoid, acts through the enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Adenosine affects almost all aspects of cellular physiology, including neuronal activity, vascular function, platelet aggregation, and blood cell regulation[1][2]. Adenosine (Adenine riboside), a ubiquitous endogenous autacoid, acts through the enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Adenosine affects almost all aspects of cellular physiology, including neuronal activity, vascular function, platelet aggregation, and blood cell regulation[1][2].

   

Inosine

9-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-6,9-dihydro-3H-purin-6-one

C10H12N4O5 (268.08076619999997)


Inosine, also known as hypoxanthosine or inotin, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as purine nucleosides. Purine nucleosides are compounds comprising a purine base attached to a ribosyl or deoxyribosyl moiety. Inosine is formed when hypoxanthine is attached to a ribose ring a beta-N9-glycosidic bond. Inosine is an intermediate in the degradation of purines and purine nucleosides to uric acid. Inosine is also an intermediate in the purine salvage pathway. Inosine occurs in the anticodon of certain transfer RNA molecules and is essential for proper translation of the genetic code in wobble base pairs. Inosine exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. Inosine participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, inosine can be biosynthesized from inosinic acid through its interaction with the enzyme known as cytosolic purine 5-nucleotidase. In addition, inosine can be converted into hypoxanthine and ribose 1-phosphate through its interaction with the enzyme known as purine nucleoside phosphorylase. Altered levels of inosine have also been associated with purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency and xanthinuria type I, both of which are inborn errors of metabolism. Animal studies have suggested that inosine has neuroprotective properties. It has been proposed as a potential treatment for spinal cord injury (PMID: 16317421) and for administration after stroke, as inosine appears to induce axonal rewiring (PMID: 12084941). After ingestion, inosine is metabolized into uric acid, which has been found to be a natural antioxidant and peroxynitrite scavenger. As such, inosine may have potential benefits to patients with multiple sclerosis and Parkinson’s disease (PMID: 19425822). Inosine can also be produced by gut bacteria and appears to have a number of beneficial effects. Inosine, has been shown to activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma signaling in human colon epithelial cells. Furthermore, exogenous treatment of inosine has been found to protect against DSS-induced colitis in rodents by improving adenosine 2A receptor (A2AR)/PPAR-gamma-dependent mucosal barrier functions (PMID: 33820558). Microbiome-derived inosine has also been shown to modulate the response to checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy in cancer models. In particular, decreased gut barrier function induced by immunotherapy increases systemic translocation of bacterially derived inosine and activates antitumor T cells. The effect of inosine is dependent on T cell expression of the adenosine A2A receptor and requires co-stimulation. Inosine appears to have other roles in non-mammalian system. For instance, it has been found to be an important feed stimulant by itself or in combination with certain amino acids in some species of farmed fish. For example, inosine and inosine-5-monophosphate have been reported as specific feeding stimulants for turbot fry, (Scophthalmus maximus) and Japanese amberjack. Inosine is a purine nucleoside in which hypoxanthine is attached to ribofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond. It has a role as a human metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a purines D-ribonucleoside and a member of inosines. It is functionally related to a hypoxanthine and a ribofuranose. A purine nucleoside that has hypoxanthine linked by the N9 nitrogen to the C1 carbon of ribose. It is an intermediate in the degradation of purines and purine nucleosides to uric acid and in pathways of purine salvage. It also occurs in the anticodon of certain transfer RNA molecules. (Dorland, 28th ed) Inosine is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Inosine is a natural product found in Fritillaria thunbergii, Cichorium endivia, and other organisms with data available. Inosine is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A purine nucleoside that has hypoxanthine linked by the N9 nitrogen to the C1 carbon of ribose. It is an intermediate in the degradation of purines and purine nucleosides to uric acid and in pathways of purine salvage. It also occurs in the anticodon of certain transfer RNA molecules. (Dorland, 28th ed) G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G01 - Gynecological antiinfectives and antiseptics > G01A - Antiinfectives and antiseptics, excl. combinations with corticosteroids D - Dermatologicals > D06 - Antibiotics and chemotherapeutics for dermatological use > D06B - Chemotherapeutics for topical use > D06BB - Antivirals A purine nucleoside in which hypoxanthine is attached to ribofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond. COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map, clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals Present in meat extracts and sugar beet Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS [Spectral] Inosine (exact mass = 268.08077) and L-Methionine (exact mass = 149.05105) and Adenosine (exact mass = 267.09675) were not completely separated on HPLC under the present analytical conditions as described in AC$XXX. Additionally some of the peaks in this data contains dimers and other unidentified ions. [Spectral] Inosine (exact mass = 268.08077) and L-Tyrosine (exact mass = 181.07389) and Guanosine (exact mass = 283.09167) were not completely separated on HPLC under the present analytical conditions as described in AC$XXX. Additionally some of the peaks in this data contains dimers and other unidentified ions. [Spectral] Inosine (exact mass = 268.08077) and S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine (exact mass = 384.12159) were not completely separated on HPLC under the present analytical conditions as described in AC$XXX. Additionally some of the peaks in this data contains dimers and other unidentified ions. [Spectral] Inosine (exact mass = 268.08077) and Guanosine (exact mass = 283.09167) were not completely separated on HPLC under the present analytical conditions as described in AC$XXX. Additionally some of the peaks in this data contains dimers and other unidentified ions. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 110 KEIO_ID I003 Inosine is an endogenous purine nucleoside produced by catabolism of adenosine. Inosine has anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, immunomodulatory and neuroprotective effects. Inosine is an agonist for adenosine A1 (A1R) and A2A (A2AR) receptors[1][2][3]. Inosine is an endogenous purine nucleoside produced by catabolism of adenosine. Inosine has anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, immunomodulatory and neuroprotective effects. Inosine is an agonist for adenosine A1 (A1R) and A2A (A2AR) receptors[1][2][3]. Inosine is an endogenous purine nucleoside produced by catabolism of adenosine. Inosine has anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, immunomodulatory and neuroprotective effects. Inosine is an agonist for adenosine A1 (A1R) and A2A (A2AR) receptors[1][2][3]. Inosine is an endogenous purine nucleoside produced by catabolism of adenosine. Inosine has anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, immunomodulatory and neuroprotective effects. Inosine is an agonist for adenosine A1 (A1R) and A2A (A2AR) receptors[1][2][3].

   

Isobutyric acid

Isobutyric acid, sodium salt, 14C-labeled

C4H8O2 (88.0524268)


Isobutyric acid is a carboxylic or short chain fatty acid with characteristic sweat-like smell. Small amount of isobutyrate is generated via microbial (gut) metabolism. Small amounts may also be found in certain foods or fermented beverages. There is anosmia (genetic inability to smell) for the odor of isobutyric acid with a frequency of about 2.5\\%. (OMIM 207000). Isobutyric acid is slightly soluble in water but much more soluble in ethanol, ether and organic solvents. Isobutyric acid can affect people if breathed in and may be absorbed through the skin. Contact can irritate and burn the skin and eyes. Breathing Isobutyric acid can irritate the nose, throat and lungs causing coughing, wheezing and/or shortness of breath. Present in apple, morello cherry, guava fruit, wine grapes, pineapple, crispbread, other breads, cheeses, wines, scallop and several essential oils, e.g. Roman chamomile. Acid and simple esters used as flavouring agents KEIO_ID I012

   

3'-AMP

{[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl]oxy}phosphonic acid

C10H14N5O7P (347.06308240000004)


Adenylic acid. Adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2-, 3-, or 5-position. 3-AMP has been identified in the human placenta (PMID: 32033212). Adenylic acid. Adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2-, 3-, or 5-position. [HMDB] Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. CONFIDENCE standard compound; ML_ID 11

   

Isovaleric acid

3-Methylbutyric acid: isopropyl-acetic acid

C5H10O2 (102.068076)


Isovaleric acid, is a natural fatty acid found in a wide variety of plants and essential oils. Isovaleric acid is clear colorless liquid that is sparingly soluble in water, but well soluble in most common organic solvents. It has been suggested that isovaleric acid from pilot whales, a species frequently consumed in the Faroe Islands, may be the unusual dietary factor in prolonged gestation in the population of the Faroe Islands. Previous studies suggested that was due to the high intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids has been, but fatty acid data for eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexanoic acid (DHA) in blood lipids of Faroese and Norwegians was reviewed in terms of the type of fish eaten (mostly lean white fish with DHA much greater than EPA); the popular lean fish, thus, probably provides too little EPA to produce a marked effect on human biochemistry (PMID 2646392). Isovaleric acid is found to be associated with isovaleric acidemia, which is an inborn error of metabolism. Flavouring agent. Simple esters are used in flavourings. Constituent of hops, cheese etc.; an important component of cheese aroma and flavour CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 152 KEIO_ID I018 Isovaleric acid is a natural fatty acid and known to effect on neonatal death and possible Jamaican vomiting sickness in human. Isovaleric acid is a natural fatty acid and known to effect on neonatal death and possible Jamaican vomiting sickness in human.

   

2-Piperidinone

5-amino-Lactam-pentanoic acid

C5H9NO (99.0684104)


2-Piperidinone is a derivative of piperidine which is an organic compound. Piperidine is a colorless fuming liquid with an odor described as ammoniacal, pepper-like, the name comes from the genus name Piper, which is the Latin word for pepper. Piperidine is a widely used building block and chemical reagent in the synthesis of organic compounds, including pharmaceuticals.The piperidine structural motif is present in numerous natural alkaloids. These include piperine, which gives black pepper the hot taste. This gave the compound its name. [HMDB] 2-Piperidinone is a derivative of piperidine which is an organic compound. Piperidine is a colorless fuming liquid with an odor described as ammoniacal, pepper-like, the name comes from the genus name Piper, which is the Latin word for pepper. Piperidine is a widely used building block and chemical reagent in the synthesis of organic compounds, including pharmaceuticals.The piperidine structural motif is present in numerous natural alkaloids. These include piperine, which gives black pepper the hot taste. This gave the compound its name. 2-Piperidone is an endogenous metabolite.

   

Ara-HX

2-(6-hydroxy-9H-purin-9-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol

C10H12N4O5 (268.08076619999997)


   

9-Arabinofuranosyladenine

2-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol

C10H13N5O4 (267.09674980000005)


   

Inosine

Inosine

C10H12N4O5 (268.08076619999997)


G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G01 - Gynecological antiinfectives and antiseptics > G01A - Antiinfectives and antiseptics, excl. combinations with corticosteroids D - Dermatologicals > D06 - Antibiotics and chemotherapeutics for dermatological use > D06B - Chemotherapeutics for topical use > D06BB - Antivirals COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map, clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Inosine is an endogenous purine nucleoside produced by catabolism of adenosine. Inosine has anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, immunomodulatory and neuroprotective effects. Inosine is an agonist for adenosine A1 (A1R) and A2A (A2AR) receptors[1][2][3]. Inosine is an endogenous purine nucleoside produced by catabolism of adenosine. Inosine has anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, immunomodulatory and neuroprotective effects. Inosine is an agonist for adenosine A1 (A1R) and A2A (A2AR) receptors[1][2][3]. Inosine is an endogenous purine nucleoside produced by catabolism of adenosine. Inosine has anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, immunomodulatory and neuroprotective effects. Inosine is an agonist for adenosine A1 (A1R) and A2A (A2AR) receptors[1][2][3]. Inosine is an endogenous purine nucleoside produced by catabolism of adenosine. Inosine has anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, immunomodulatory and neuroprotective effects. Inosine is an agonist for adenosine A1 (A1R) and A2A (A2AR) receptors[1][2][3].

   

Adenosine

Adenosine

C10H13N5O4 (267.09674980000005)


COVID info from PDB, Protein Data Bank, COVID-19 Disease Map, clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D058905 - Purinergic Agents > D058913 - Purinergic Agonists D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000889 - Anti-Arrhythmia Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014665 - Vasodilator Agents C - Cardiovascular system > C01 - Cardiac therapy Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Formula(Parent): C10H13N5O4; Bottle Name:Adenosine; PRIME Parent Name:Adenosine; PRIME in-house No.:0040 R0018, Purines MS2 deconvoluted using MS2Dec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; OIRDTQYFTABQOQ_STSL_0143_Adenosine_0500fmol_180430_S2_LC02_MS02_33; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I. MS2 deconvoluted using CorrDec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I. relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.113 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.109 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.097 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.096 Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported by the Max-Planck-Society IPB_RECORD: 2621; CONFIDENCE confident structure Adenosine (Adenine riboside), a ubiquitous endogenous autacoid, acts through the enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Adenosine affects almost all aspects of cellular physiology, including neuronal activity, vascular function, platelet aggregation, and blood cell regulation[1][2]. Adenosine (Adenine riboside), a ubiquitous endogenous autacoid, acts through the enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Adenosine affects almost all aspects of cellular physiology, including neuronal activity, vascular function, platelet aggregation, and blood cell regulation[1][2]. Adenosine (Adenine riboside), a ubiquitous endogenous autacoid, acts through the enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Adenosine affects almost all aspects of cellular physiology, including neuronal activity, vascular function, platelet aggregation, and blood cell regulation[1][2].

   

Inosine

9-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-3H-purin-6-one

C10H12N4O5 (268.08076619999997)


G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G01 - Gynecological antiinfectives and antiseptics > G01A - Antiinfectives and antiseptics, excl. combinations with corticosteroids D - Dermatologicals > D06 - Antibiotics and chemotherapeutics for dermatological use > D06B - Chemotherapeutics for topical use > D06BB - Antivirals Formula(Parent): C10H12N4O5; Bottle Name:Inosine; PRIME Parent Name:Inosine; PRIME in-house No.:0256, Purines COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map, clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS MS2 deconvoluted using MS2Dec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; UGQMRVRMYYASKQ_STSL_0164_Inosine_2000fmol_180430_S2_LC02_MS02_125; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I. MS2 deconvoluted using CorrDec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I. relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.054 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.053 Inosine is an endogenous purine nucleoside produced by catabolism of adenosine. Inosine has anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, immunomodulatory and neuroprotective effects. Inosine is an agonist for adenosine A1 (A1R) and A2A (A2AR) receptors[1][2][3]. Inosine is an endogenous purine nucleoside produced by catabolism of adenosine. Inosine has anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, immunomodulatory and neuroprotective effects. Inosine is an agonist for adenosine A1 (A1R) and A2A (A2AR) receptors[1][2][3]. Inosine is an endogenous purine nucleoside produced by catabolism of adenosine. Inosine has anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, immunomodulatory and neuroprotective effects. Inosine is an agonist for adenosine A1 (A1R) and A2A (A2AR) receptors[1][2][3]. Inosine is an endogenous purine nucleoside produced by catabolism of adenosine. Inosine has anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, immunomodulatory and neuroprotective effects. Inosine is an agonist for adenosine A1 (A1R) and A2A (A2AR) receptors[1][2][3].

   

ISOVALERIC ACID

3-Methylbutanoic acid

C5H10O2 (102.068076)


A C5, branched-chain saturated fatty acid. Isovaleric acid is a natural fatty acid and known to effect on neonatal death and possible Jamaican vomiting sickness in human. Isovaleric acid is a natural fatty acid and known to effect on neonatal death and possible Jamaican vomiting sickness in human.

   

ISOBUTYRIC ACID

ISOBUTYRIC ACID

C4H8O2 (88.0524268)


A branched fatty acid comprising propanoic acid carrying a methyl branch at C-2.

   

Butanoic acid

Butanoic acid

C4H8O2 (88.0524268)


   

2-Methylpropanoic acid

2-Methylpropanoic acid

C4H8O2 (88.0524268)


   

linoleic

9,12-Octadecadienoic acid, (9E,12E)-

C18H32O2 (280.2402172)


Linolelaidic acid (Linoelaidic acid), an omega-6 trans fatty acid, acts as a source of energy. Linolelaidic acid is an essential nutrient, adding in enteral, parenteral, and infant formulas. Linolelaidic acid can be used for heart diseases research[1]. Linolelaidic acid (Linoelaidic acid), an omega-6 trans fatty acid, acts as a source of energy. Linolelaidic acid is an essential nutrient, adding in enteral, parenteral, and infant formulas. Linolelaidic acid can be used for heart diseases research[1].

   

5-{3a,5a,7,10-tetrahydroxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-11-oxo-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-1-yl}pyran-2-one

5-{3a,5a,7,10-tetrahydroxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-11-oxo-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-1-yl}pyran-2-one

C24H32O7 (432.2147922)


   

5-[(1r,3as,3br,5as,7s,9ar,9bs,10r,11ar)-3a,5a,7,10-tetrahydroxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-dodecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-1-yl]pyran-2-one

5-[(1r,3as,3br,5as,7s,9ar,9bs,10r,11ar)-3a,5a,7,10-tetrahydroxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-dodecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-1-yl]pyran-2-one

C24H34O6 (418.2355264)


   

5-[(1r,3as,3br,5as,7r,9ar,9bs,10r,11ar)-3a,5a,7,10-tetrahydroxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-dodecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-1-yl]pyran-2-one

5-[(1r,3as,3br,5as,7r,9ar,9bs,10r,11ar)-3a,5a,7,10-tetrahydroxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-dodecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-1-yl]pyran-2-one

C24H34O6 (418.2355264)


   

2-[(1-hydroxy-2-{[hydroxy(5-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2h-pyrrol-2-yl)methylidene]amino}-3-(c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl)propylidene)amino]-3-(1h-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid

2-[(1-hydroxy-2-{[hydroxy(5-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2h-pyrrol-2-yl)methylidene]amino}-3-(c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl)propylidene)amino]-3-(1h-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid

C20H23N5O6 (429.1648258)


   

5-[(1r,3as,3br,5as,7r,9ar,9bs,10s,11ar)-3a,5a,7,10-tetrahydroxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-11-oxo-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-1-yl]pyran-2-one

5-[(1r,3as,3br,5as,7r,9ar,9bs,10s,11ar)-3a,5a,7,10-tetrahydroxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-11-oxo-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-1-yl]pyran-2-one

C24H32O7 (432.2147922)


   

5-[(1r,2s,4r,5r,6r,7r,10s,11r,14r,16s)-5,14,16-trihydroxy-7,11-dimethyl-3-oxapentacyclo[8.8.0.0²,⁴.0²,⁷.0¹¹,¹⁶]octadecan-6-yl]pyran-2-one

5-[(1r,2s,4r,5r,6r,7r,10s,11r,14r,16s)-5,14,16-trihydroxy-7,11-dimethyl-3-oxapentacyclo[8.8.0.0²,⁴.0²,⁷.0¹¹,¹⁶]octadecan-6-yl]pyran-2-one

C24H32O6 (416.2198772)


   
   

(2s)-2-[(2-{[(2s)-2-amino-5-carbamimidamido-1-hydroxypentylidene]amino}-1-hydroxyethylidene)amino]butanedioic acid

(2s)-2-[(2-{[(2s)-2-amino-5-carbamimidamido-1-hydroxypentylidene]amino}-1-hydroxyethylidene)amino]butanedioic acid

C12H22N6O6 (346.1600752)


   

5-{5,14,16-trihydroxy-7,11-dimethyl-3-oxapentacyclo[8.8.0.0²,⁴.0²,⁷.0¹¹,¹⁶]octadecan-6-yl}pyran-2-one

5-{5,14,16-trihydroxy-7,11-dimethyl-3-oxapentacyclo[8.8.0.0²,⁴.0²,⁷.0¹¹,¹⁶]octadecan-6-yl}pyran-2-one

C24H32O6 (416.2198772)


   

n-[2-(5-methoxy-1h-indol-3-yl)ethyl]ethanimidic acid

n-[2-(5-methoxy-1h-indol-3-yl)ethyl]ethanimidic acid

C13H16N2O2 (232.1211716)


   

(2s)-2-{[(2s)-1-hydroxy-2-({hydroxy[(2s)-5-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2h-pyrrol-2-yl]methylidene}amino)-4-(c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl)butylidene]amino}-3-(1h-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid

(2s)-2-{[(2s)-1-hydroxy-2-({hydroxy[(2s)-5-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2h-pyrrol-2-yl]methylidene}amino)-4-(c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl)butylidene]amino}-3-(1h-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid

C21H25N5O6 (443.180475)


   

5-[(1r,3as,3bs,4s,5as,7r,9as,9bs,10r,11ar)-3a,4,7,10-tetrahydroxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-1-yl]pyran-2-one

5-[(1r,3as,3bs,4s,5as,7r,9as,9bs,10r,11ar)-3a,4,7,10-tetrahydroxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-1-yl]pyran-2-one

C24H34O6 (418.2355264)


   

4-{7,11-dihydroxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-tetradecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-1-yl}-2-hydroxypentanoic acid

4-{7,11-dihydroxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-tetradecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-1-yl}-2-hydroxypentanoic acid

C24H40O5 (408.28755900000004)


   

5-{2,7,10-trihydroxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-1h,2h,3bh,4h,5h,5ah,6h,7h,8h,9h,9bh,10h,11h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-1-yl}pyran-2-one

5-{2,7,10-trihydroxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-1h,2h,3bh,4h,5h,5ah,6h,7h,8h,9h,9bh,10h,11h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-1-yl}pyran-2-one

C24H32O5 (400.2249622)


   

(2s)-2-{[(2s)-1-hydroxy-2-({hydroxy[(2s)-5-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2h-pyrrol-2-yl]methylidene}amino)-3-(c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl)propylidene]amino}-3-(1h-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid

(2s)-2-{[(2s)-1-hydroxy-2-({hydroxy[(2s)-5-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2h-pyrrol-2-yl]methylidene}amino)-3-(c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl)propylidene]amino}-3-(1h-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid

C20H23N5O6 (429.1648258)


   

(2s)-5-carbamimidamido-2-({[(2s)-1-[(2s,3s)-2-({[(2s)-1-[(2s)-1-[2-({[(2s)-1-[(2s)-1-[(2s)-5-carbamimidamido-2-{[1-hydroxy-2-({hydroxy[(2s)-5-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2h-pyrrol-2-yl]methylidene}amino)ethylidene]amino}pentanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl](hydroxy)methylidene}amino)acetyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl](hydroxy)methylidene}amino)-3-methylpentanoyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl](hydroxy)methylidene}amino)pentanoic acid

(2s)-5-carbamimidamido-2-({[(2s)-1-[(2s,3s)-2-({[(2s)-1-[(2s)-1-[2-({[(2s)-1-[(2s)-1-[(2s)-5-carbamimidamido-2-{[1-hydroxy-2-({hydroxy[(2s)-5-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2h-pyrrol-2-yl]methylidene}amino)ethylidene]amino}pentanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl](hydroxy)methylidene}amino)acetyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl](hydroxy)methylidene}amino)-3-methylpentanoyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl](hydroxy)methylidene}amino)pentanoic acid

C52H83N17O13 (1153.6355948)


   

2-[(6-amino-1-hydroxy-2-{[hydroxy(5-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2h-pyrrol-2-yl)methylidene]amino}hexylidene)amino]-3-hydroxypropanoic acid

2-[(6-amino-1-hydroxy-2-{[hydroxy(5-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2h-pyrrol-2-yl)methylidene]amino}hexylidene)amino]-3-hydroxypropanoic acid

C14H24N4O6 (344.1695764)


   

5-{3a,5a,7,10-tetrahydroxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-dodecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-1-yl}pyran-2-one

5-{3a,5a,7,10-tetrahydroxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-dodecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-1-yl}pyran-2-one

C24H34O6 (418.2355264)


   

(2s)-2-{[(2s)-6-amino-1-hydroxy-2-({hydroxy[(2s)-5-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2h-pyrrol-2-yl]methylidene}amino)hexylidene]amino}-3-(1h-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid

(2s)-2-{[(2s)-6-amino-1-hydroxy-2-({hydroxy[(2s)-5-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2h-pyrrol-2-yl]methylidene}amino)hexylidene]amino}-3-(1h-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid

C22H29N5O5 (443.21685840000004)


   

(2r,4s)-4-[(1r,3ar,3bs,5as,7r,9as,9br,11s,11ar)-7,11-dihydroxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-tetradecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-1-yl]-2-hydroxypentanoic acid

(2r,4s)-4-[(1r,3ar,3bs,5as,7r,9as,9br,11s,11ar)-7,11-dihydroxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-tetradecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-1-yl]-2-hydroxypentanoic acid

C24H40O5 (408.28755900000004)


   

(2s)-2-{[(2r)-6-amino-1-hydroxy-2-({hydroxy[(2s)-5-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2h-pyrrol-2-yl]methylidene}amino)hexylidene]amino}-3-hydroxypropanoic acid

(2s)-2-{[(2r)-6-amino-1-hydroxy-2-({hydroxy[(2s)-5-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2h-pyrrol-2-yl]methylidene}amino)hexylidene]amino}-3-hydroxypropanoic acid

C14H24N4O6 (344.1695764)


   

5-[(1r,3as,3br,5as,7s,9ar,9bs,10s,11ar)-3a,5a,7,10-tetrahydroxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-11-oxo-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-1-yl]pyran-2-one

5-[(1r,3as,3br,5as,7s,9ar,9bs,10s,11ar)-3a,5a,7,10-tetrahydroxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-11-oxo-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-1-yl]pyran-2-one

C24H32O7 (432.2147922)


   

2-[(1-hydroxy-2-{[hydroxy(5-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2h-pyrrol-2-yl)methylidene]amino}-4-(c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl)butylidene)amino]-3-(1h-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid

2-[(1-hydroxy-2-{[hydroxy(5-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2h-pyrrol-2-yl)methylidene]amino}-4-(c-hydroxycarbonimidoyl)butylidene)amino]-3-(1h-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid

C21H25N5O6 (443.180475)


   

5-[(1s,2s,3br,5ar,7s,9as,9bs,10r,11ar)-2,7,10-trihydroxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-1h,2h,3bh,4h,5h,5ah,6h,7h,8h,9h,9bh,10h,11h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-1-yl]pyran-2-one

5-[(1s,2s,3br,5ar,7s,9as,9bs,10r,11ar)-2,7,10-trihydroxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-1h,2h,3bh,4h,5h,5ah,6h,7h,8h,9h,9bh,10h,11h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-1-yl]pyran-2-one

C24H32O5 (400.2249622)


   

2-[(6-amino-1-hydroxy-2-{[hydroxy(5-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2h-pyrrol-2-yl)methylidene]amino}hexylidene)amino]-3-(1h-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid

2-[(6-amino-1-hydroxy-2-{[hydroxy(5-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2h-pyrrol-2-yl)methylidene]amino}hexylidene)amino]-3-(1h-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid

C22H29N5O5 (443.21685840000004)


   

5-{3a,4,7,10-tetrahydroxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-1-yl}pyran-2-one

5-{3a,4,7,10-tetrahydroxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-1-yl}pyran-2-one

C24H34O6 (418.2355264)


   

ethyl (2r,4r)-4-[(1r,3as,3br,4r,5as,7r,9as,9bs,11s,11ar)-4,7,11-trihydroxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-tetradecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-1-yl]-2-hydroxypentanoate

ethyl (2r,4r)-4-[(1r,3as,3br,4r,5as,7r,9as,9bs,11s,11ar)-4,7,11-trihydroxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-tetradecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-1-yl]-2-hydroxypentanoate

C26H44O6 (452.3137724)


   

ethyl 2-hydroxy-4-{4,7,11-trihydroxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-tetradecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-1-yl}pentanoate

ethyl 2-hydroxy-4-{4,7,11-trihydroxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-tetradecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-1-yl}pentanoate

C26H44O6 (452.3137724)