Gene Association: EFNA1
UniProt Search:
EFNA1 (PROTEIN_CODING)
Function Description: ephrin A1
found 14 associated metabolites with current gene based on the text mining result from the pubmed database.
1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG)
1,5-Anhydrosorbitol or 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) is a validated marker of short-term glycemic control. This substance is derived mainly from food, is well absorbed in the intestine, and is distributed to all organs and tissues. It is metabolically stable, being excreted in the urine when its level exceeds the renal threshold. It is reabsorbed in the renal tubules, and is competitively inhibited by glucosuria, which leads to a reduction in its level in serum. The correlation between this reduction and the amount of glucose present in urine is so close that 1,5 AG can be used as a sensitive, day-to-day, real-time marker of glycemic control. It provides useful information on current glycemic control and is superior to both hemoglobin A1C and fructosamine in detecting near-normoglycemia. 1,5-AG in human plasma has been proposed for several years as a short-term, retrospective marker of glycaemic control and seems to be the most suitable parameter for monitoring glucose excursions. The decrease in serum 1,5-AG is very sensitive to urinary glucose excretion. It is a metabolically inert polyol that competes with glucose for reabsorption in the kidneys. Otherwise stable levels of 1,5-AG are rapidly depleted as blood glucose levels exceed the renal threshold for glucosuria. 1,5-AG is also more tightly associated with glucose fluctuations and postprandial glucose. (PMID: 18088226, 12166605, 7783360, 8940824) [HMDB] 1, 5-Anhydrosorbitol or 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) is a validated marker of short-term glycemic control. This substance is derived mainly from food, is well absorbed in the intestine, and is distributed to all organs and tissues. It is metabolically stable, being excreted in the urine when its level exceeds the renal threshold. It is reabsorbed in the renal tubules and is competitively inhibited by glucosuria, which leads to a reduction in its level in serum. The correlation between this reduction and the amount of glucose present in urine is so close that 1,5 AG can be used as a sensitive, day-to-day, real-time marker of glycemic control. It provides useful information on current glycemic control and is superior to both hemoglobin A1C and fructosamine in detecting near-normoglycemia. 1,5-AG in human plasma has been proposed for several years as a short-term, retrospective marker of glycemic control and seems to be the most suitable parameter for monitoring glucose excursions. The decrease in serum 1,5-AG is very sensitive to urinary glucose excretion. It is a metabolically inert polyol that competes with glucose for reabsorption in the kidneys. Otherwise stable levels of 1,5-AG are rapidly depleted as blood glucose levels exceed the renal threshold for glucosuria. 1,5-AG is also more tightly associated with glucose fluctuations and postprandial glucose (PMID:18088226, 12166605, 7783360, 8940824). 1,5-Anhydrosorbitol is a short-term marker for glycemic control. 1,5-Anhydrosorbitol is a short-term marker for glycemic control.
Corilagin
Corilagin is a member of the class of compounds known as ellagitannins, a class of hydrolyzable tannins. Hydrolyzable tannins are tannins with a structure characterized by either of the following models: (1) a structure containing galloyl units (in some cases, shikimic acid units) linked to diverse polyol carbohydrate, catechin, or triterpenoid units, or (2) a structure containing at least two galloyl units C-C coupled to each other and not containing a glycosidically linked catechin unit. Corilagin is slightly soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Corilagin can be found in pomegranate, which makes corilagin a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Corilagin was first isolated in 1951 from Dividivi extract and from Caesalpinia coriaria, hence the name of the molecule. It can also be found in Alchornea glandulosa and in the leaves of Punica granatum (pomegranate) (Wikipedia). Corilagin has been shown to exhibit thrombolytic function (PMID: 14750026). Corilagin is an ellagitannin with a hexahydroxydiphenoyl group bridging over the 3-O and 6-O of the glucose core. It has a role as an antihypertensive agent, an EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and an antioxidant. It is an ellagitannin and a gallate ester. Corilagin is a natural product found in Euphorbia fischeriana, Euphorbia hyssopifolia, and other organisms with data available. Corilagin is a gallotannin. It can be found in Alchornea glandulosa. [Wikipedia] Corilagin, a gallotannin, has anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities. Corilagin inhibits activity of reverse transcriptase of RNA tumor viruses. Corilagin also inhibits the growth of Staphylococcus aureus with a MIC of 25 μg/mL. Corilagin shows anti-tumor activity on hepatocellular carcinoma and ovarian cancer model. Corilagin shows low toxicity to normal cells and tissues[1][2][3]. Corilagin, a gallotannin, has anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities. Corilagin inhibits activity of reverse transcriptase of RNA tumor viruses. Corilagin also inhibits the growth of Staphylococcus aureus with a MIC of 25 μg/mL. Corilagin shows anti-tumor activity on hepatocellular carcinoma and ovarian cancer model. Corilagin shows low toxicity to normal cells and tissues[1][2][3].
Lithocholic acid
Lithocholic acid, also known as 3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-oic acid or LCA, is a secondary bile acid. It is formed from chenodeoxycholate by bacterial action and is usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as cholagogue and choleretic. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute and depends only on the presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine, and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH, and consequently require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g. membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues (PMID: 11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135). When present in sufficiently high levels, lithocholic acid can act as an oncometabolite. An oncometabolite is a compound that when present at chronically high levels promotes tumour growth and survival. Chronically high levels of lithocholic acid are associated with several forms of cancer including colon cancer, pancreatic cancer, esophageal cancer, and many other GI cancers. High bile acid levels lead to the generation of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species, disruption of the cell membrane and mitochondria, induction of DNA damage, mutation and apoptosis, and the development of reduced apoptosis capability upon chronic exposure (PMID: 24884764). Dietary fibre can bind to lithocholic acid and aid in its excretion in stool. As such, fibre can protect against colon cancer. CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1308; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5396; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5394 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1308; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5371; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5368 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1308; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5386; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5384 A bile acid formed from chenodeoxycholate by bacterial action, usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as cholagogue and choleretic. [Analytical] Sample of 1 micorL methanol solution was flow injected. D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D001647 - Bile Acids and Salts D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002793 - Cholic Acids D013501 - Surface-Active Agents > D003902 - Detergents Lithocholic acid is a toxic secondary bile acid that can promote intrahepatic cholestasis and promote tumorigenesis.
2-Amino-3,8-dimethyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline
2-Amino-3,8-dimethyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline is found in animal foods. 2-Amino-3,8-dimethyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline is a food-related mutagen isolated from cooked meats (especially grilled/barbecued Food-related mutagen isolated from cooked meats (especies grilled/barbecued). 2-Amino-3,8-dimethyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline is found in animal foods. CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2292 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 6 D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens D009676 - Noxae > D009153 - Mutagens
Chebulagic acid
D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D059003 - Topoisomerase Inhibitors > D059004 - Topoisomerase I Inhibitors D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D016859 - Lipoxygenase Inhibitors Chebulagic acid is a COX-LOX dual inhibitor isolated from the fruits of Terminalia chebula Retz, on angiogenesis. Chebulagic acid is a M2 serine to asparagine 31 mutation (S31N) inhibitor and influenza antiviral. Chebulagic acid also against SARS-CoV-2 viral replication with an EC50 of 9.76 μM. Chebulagic acid is a COX-LOX dual inhibitor isolated from the fruits of Terminalia chebula Retz, on angiogenesis. Chebulagic acid is a M2 serine to asparagine 31 mutation (S31N) inhibitor and influenza antiviral. Chebulagic acid also against SARS-CoV-2 viral replication with an EC50 of 9.76 μM. Chebulagic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=23094-71-5 (retrieved 2024-09-27) (CAS RN: 23094-71-5). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).
Chebulinic acid
Chebulinic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=18942-26-2 (retrieved 2024-09-27) (CAS RN: 18942-26-2). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).
1,5-Anhydrosorbitol
An anhydro sugar of D-glucitol. 1,5-Anhydrosorbitol is a short-term marker for glycemic control. 1,5-Anhydrosorbitol is a short-term marker for glycemic control.
Allolithocholic acid
Allolithocholic acid is a bile acid present in normal serum and feces, with a tendency to be at higher concentrations in patients with colon cancer, particularly in men (PMID 16548228). A bile acid. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depending only on the presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH and, consequently, require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g. membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues (PMID: 11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135). Allolithocholic acid is a bile acid present in normal serum and feces, with a tendency to be at higher concentrations in patients with colon cancer, particularly in men (PMID 16548228). D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D001647 - Bile Acids and Salts D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002793 - Cholic Acids D013501 - Surface-Active Agents > D003902 - Detergents Lithocholic acid is a toxic secondary bile acid that can promote intrahepatic cholestasis and promote tumorigenesis.
Chebulagic acid
D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D059003 - Topoisomerase Inhibitors > D059004 - Topoisomerase I Inhibitors D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D016859 - Lipoxygenase Inhibitors Chebulagic acid is a COX-LOX dual inhibitor isolated from the fruits of Terminalia chebula Retz, on angiogenesis. Chebulagic acid is a M2 serine to asparagine 31 mutation (S31N) inhibitor and influenza antiviral. Chebulagic acid also against SARS-CoV-2 viral replication with an EC50 of 9.76 μM. Chebulagic acid is a COX-LOX dual inhibitor isolated from the fruits of Terminalia chebula Retz, on angiogenesis. Chebulagic acid is a M2 serine to asparagine 31 mutation (S31N) inhibitor and influenza antiviral. Chebulagic acid also against SARS-CoV-2 viral replication with an EC50 of 9.76 μM. Chebulagic acid is a COX-LOX dual inhibitor isolated from the fruits of Terminalia chebula Retz, on angiogenesis. Chebulagic acid is a M2 serine to asparagine 31 mutation (S31N) inhibitor and influenza antiviral. Chebulagic acid also against SARS-CoV-2 viral replication with an EC50 of 9.76 μM.
1,5-Anhydroglucitol
1,5-Anhydrosorbitol is a short-term marker for glycemic control. 1,5-Anhydrosorbitol is a short-term marker for glycemic control.
Chebulinic_acid
2-[(4R,5S,7R,8R,11S,12S,13R,21S)-13,17,18-trihydroxy-2,10,14-trioxo-5,21-bis[(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxy]-7-[(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxymethyl]-3,6,9,15-tetraoxatetracyclo[10.7.1.14,8.016,20]henicosa-1(19),16(20),17-trien-11-yl]acetic acid is a natural product found in Terminalia chebula with data available. See also: Terminalia chebula fruit (part of).
Lithocholic acid
A monohydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid with a alpha-hydroxy substituent at position 3. It is a bile acid obtained from chenodeoxycholic acid by bacterial action. D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D001647 - Bile Acids and Salts D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002793 - Cholic Acids D013501 - Surface-Active Agents > D003902 - Detergents relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.566 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.575 Lithocholic acid is a toxic secondary bile acid that can promote intrahepatic cholestasis and promote tumorigenesis.
Polygalytol
1,5-Anhydrosorbitol is a short-term marker for glycemic control. 1,5-Anhydrosorbitol is a short-term marker for glycemic control.
