Exact Mass: 351.2443162
Exact Mass Matches: 351.2443162
Found 165 metabolites which its exact mass value is equals to given mass value 351.2443162,
within given mass tolerance error 0.05 dalton. Try search metabolite list with more accurate mass tolerance error
0.01 dalton.
Tryprostatin B
A cyclic dipeptide that is brevianamide F (cyclo-L-Trp-L-Pro) substituted at position 2 on the indole ring by a prenyl group. CONFIDENCE Penicillium amphipolaria
Dipivefrin
C19H29NO5 (351.20456240000004)
Dipivefrin is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a prodrug of adrenaline, which is used to treat glaucoma. It is available as ophthalmic solution (eye drops). Dipivefrin is a prodrug with little or no pharmacologically activity until it is hydrolyzed into epinephrine inside the human eye. The liberated epinephrine, an adrenergic agonist, appears to exert its action by stimulating α- and/or β2-adrenergic receptors, leading to a decrease in aqueous production and an enhancement of outflow facility. The dipivefrin prodrug delivery system is a more efficient way of delivering the therapeutic effects of epinephrine, with fewer side effects than are associated with conventional epinephrine therapy. S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01E - Antiglaucoma preparations and miotics > S01EA - Sympathomimetics in glaucoma therapy D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents > D000322 - Adrenergic Agonists C78283 - Agent Affecting Organs of Special Senses > C29705 - Anti-glaucoma Agent
deoxybrevianamide E
A cyclic dipeptide that is brevianamide F (cyclo-L-Trp-L-Pro) substituted at position 2 on the indole ring by a 1,1-dimethylallyl group.
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (d16:1-P)
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (d16:1-P) is a Sphingosine-1-phosphate. Sphingosine-1-phosphate is a signaling sphingolipid. It is also referred to as a bioactive lipid mediator. Sphingolipids at large form a class of lipids characterized by a particular aliphatic aminoalcohol, which is sphingosine. (Wikipedia)
Trideca-3,6,9-trienoylcarnitine
Trideca-3,6,9-trienoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an trideca-3,6,9-trienoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. Trideca-3,6,9-trienoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine Trideca-3,6,9-trienoylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
Trideca-6,8,10-trienoylcarnitine
Trideca-6,8,10-trienoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an trideca-6,8,10-trienoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. Trideca-6,8,10-trienoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine Trideca-6,8,10-trienoylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
Trideca-7,9,11-trienoylcarnitine
Trideca-7,9,11-trienoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an trideca-7,9,11-trienoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. Trideca-7,9,11-trienoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine Trideca-7,9,11-trienoylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
Trideca-3,5,7-trienoylcarnitine
Trideca-3,5,7-trienoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an trideca-3,5,7-trienoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. Trideca-3,5,7-trienoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine Trideca-3,5,7-trienoylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
Trideca-5,7,9-trienoylcarnitine
Trideca-5,7,9-trienoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an trideca-5,7,9-trienoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. Trideca-5,7,9-trienoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine Trideca-5,7,9-trienoylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
(3E,5E,9E)-Trideca-3,5,9-trienoylcarnitine
(3E,5E,9E)-Trideca-3,5,9-trienoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an (3E,5E,9E)-trideca-3,5,9-trienoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. (3E,5E,9E)-Trideca-3,5,9-trienoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine (3E,5E,9E)-Trideca-3,5,9-trienoylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
Trideca-4,6,8-trienoylcarnitine
Trideca-4,6,8-trienoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an trideca-4,6,8-trienoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. Trideca-4,6,8-trienoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine Trideca-4,6,8-trienoylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
Trideca-4,7,10-trienoylcarnitine
Trideca-4,7,10-trienoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an trideca-4,7,10-trienoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. Trideca-4,7,10-trienoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine Trideca-4,7,10-trienoylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
Trideca-2,5,8-trienoylcarnitine
Trideca-2,5,8-trienoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an trideca-2,5,8-trienoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. Trideca-2,5,8-trienoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine Trideca-2,5,8-trienoylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
Trideca-2,4,6-trienoylcarnitine
Trideca-2,4,6-trienoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an trideca-2,4,6-trienoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. Trideca-2,4,6-trienoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine Trideca-2,4,6-trienoylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
Trideca-5,8,11-trienoylcarnitine
Trideca-5,8,11-trienoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an trideca-5,8,11-trienoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. Trideca-5,8,11-trienoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine Trideca-5,8,11-trienoylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
Phenol, 2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4,6-bis(1,1-dimethylpropyl)-
6-((3-Cyclobutyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepin-7-yl)oxy)-N-methyl-3-pyridinecarboxamide
GSK189254A (GSK189254 free base) is a novel, potent and selective histamine H3 receptor antagonist with pKi values of 9.59-9.90 and 8.51-9.17 for human and rat H3, respectively.
2-Amino-6-[2-[3-(3-methoxyphenyl)phenyl]ethyl]-3,6-dimethyl-5H-pyrimidin-4-one
Benzeneacetic acid, 4-(2-(diethylamino)-2-oxoethoxy)-3-ethoxy-, propyl ester
C19H29NO5 (351.20456240000004)
N-[1-[4-[(4-Pyrimidin-2-ylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl]cyclopropyl]acetamide
Stemonidine
C19H29NO5 (351.20456240000004)
CID 5250922 is a natural product found in Stemona japonica with data available.
2-(2H-Benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-2-yl)-4,6-di-tert-pentylphenol
(Z)-3-(1-hydroxyhexadecylidene)-1-methylpyrrolidine-2,4-dione|melophlin A
C21H37NO3 (351.27732920000005)
22N-Tetrahydroalstonin|4-methyl-3,4,4a,5,7,8,13,13b,14,14a-decahydro-indolo[2,3:3,4]pyrido[1,2-b][2,7]naphthyridine-1-carboxylic acid ethyl ester
Melophlin R
C21H37NO3 (351.27732920000005)
A member of the class of pyrrolidin-2-ones that is 1,5-dimethylpyrrolidine-2,4-dione substituted by a 1-hydroxy-12-methyltetradecylidene moiety at position 3. Isolated from the marine sponge Melophlus sarasinorum and other species of genus Melophlus, it exhibits cytotoxicity against murine leukemia cell line.
2-[(6Z,9Z)-pentadeca-6,9-dienyl]quinolin-4(1H)-one
3-[1-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-indol-3-ylmethyl]-hexahydro-pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione|cyclo(N-prenyl-L-tryptophyl-L-prolyl)|Cyclo-L-prolyl-L-|N-prenyl-cyclo-L-tryptophyl-L-proline
Melophlin S
C21H37NO3 (351.27732920000005)
A member of the class of pyrrolidin-2-ones that is 1,5-dimethylpyrrolidine-2,4-dione substituted by a 1-hydroxy-5-methyltetradecylidene moiety at position 3. Isolated from the marine sponge Melophlus sarasinorum and other species of genus Melophlus, it exhibits cytotoxicity against murine leukemia cell line.
16,17-Didehydroloesenerin-18-ol|16-17-didehydroloesenerin-18-ol
Melophlin Q
C21H37NO3 (351.27732920000005)
A pyrrolidinone that is 1,5-dimethylpyrrolidine-2,4-dione substituted by a 1-hydroxy-13-methyltetradecylidene moiety at position 3. Isolated from the marine sponge Melophlus sarasinorum and other species of genus Melophlus, it exhibits cytotoxicity against murine leukemia cell line.
dodecylphosphocholine
C17H38NO4P (351.25383180000006)
D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D010726 - Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors
N-3-oxo-hexadec-11(Z)-enoyl-L-Homoserine lactone
4-{2-[3-(2-Furyl)phenyl]ethyl}-6-(3-methylbutoxy)-2-pyrimidinamin e
Urea, N-[2-[(3-cyano-8-methyl-2-quinolinyl)amino]ethyl]-N-cyclohexyl- (9CI)
3-(2,2-DIETHOXY-ETHOXY)-PIPERIDINE-1-CARBOXYLIC ACID BENZYL ESTER
C19H29NO5 (351.20456240000004)
sodium N-(2-carboxyethyl)-N-dodecyl-beta-alaninate
C18H34NNaO4 (351.23854040000003)
sebacic acid, compound with 2,2,2-nitrilotriethanol
1,5-Pentanediaminium,N1,N1,N1,N5,N5,N5-hexaethyl-, bromide (1:2)
N,N-DIMETHYL-N-DODECYL-N-(2-HYDROXY-3-SULFOPROPYL)AMMONIUM BETAINE
1H-Benzimidazole,2-[1-[(1-cyclopentyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)methyl]-4-piperidinyl]-(9CI)
BIS-(2-HYDROXYETHYL)METHYL-TETRADECYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE
C19H42ClNO2 (351.29039020000005)
Phenadoxone
C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C67413 - Opioid Receptor Agonist
Bisegliptin
C78276 - Agent Affecting Digestive System or Metabolism > C29711 - Anti-diabetic Agent > C98086 - Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C783 - Protease Inhibitor
prostaglandin E2(1-)
The conjugate base of prostaglandin E2; major species at pH 7.3.
(6r)-2-Amino-6-[2-(3-Methoxybiphenyl-3-Yl)ethyl]-3,6-Dimethyl-5,6-Dihydropyrimidin-4(3h)-One
prostaglandin I2(1-)
D006401 - Hematologic Agents > D010975 - Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000959 - Antihypertensive Agents Conjugate base of prostaglandin I2.
thromboxane A2(1-)
Conjugate base of thromboxane A2 arising from deprotonation of the carboxylic acid function. COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
prostaglandin D2(1-)
A prostaglandin carboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of prostaglandin D2., obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.
(5S,6E,8Z,10E,12E,14R,15S)-5,14,15-Trihydroxyicosa-6,8,10,12-tetraenoate
D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents
(5S,6R,7E,9E,11Z,13E,15S)-5,6,15-trihydroxyicosa-7,9,11,13-tetraenoate
15-dehydro-prostaglandin E1(1-)
Conjugate base of 15-dehydro-prostaglandin E1.
(5S,6Z,8E,10E,12R,14Z)-5,12,20-Trihydroxyicosa-6,8,10,14-tetraenoate
2-Azaniumyl-3-hydroxy-15-methylhexadecane-1-sulfonate
13,14-dihydro-15-oxo-prostaglandin E2(1-)
Conjugate base of 13,14-dihydro-15-oxo-prostaglandin E2.
(5S,15S)-5-hydroperoxy-15-HETE(1-)
5-hydroperoxy-15-HETE(1-) that has 5S,15S configuration. The conjugate base of (5S,15S)-5-hydroperoxy-15-HETE. The major species at pH 7.3.
(5S,7E,9E,11Z,13E,15S)-15-hydroperoxy-5-hydroxyicosa-7,9,11,13-tetraenoate
(5S,6E,8Z,11Z,13E,15R)-5-hydroperoxy-15-hydroxyicosa-6,8,11,13-tetraenoate
(11Z,17Z)-14-hydroxy-11,12-dimethylicosa-11,17-dienoate
C22H39O3- (351.28990439999995)
N-(3-allyl-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-4-[(4-methylphenyl)amino]butanohydrazide
N-{4-[4-(2-methylbenzoyl)-1-piperazinyl]phenyl}propanamide
20-hydroxy-6-trans-leukotriene B4(1-)
A leukotriene anion that is the conjugate base of 20-hydroxy-6-trans-leukotriene B4 arising from deprotonation of the carboxylic acid function; major species at pH 7.3.
13,14-dihydro-15-oxolipoxin A4(1-)
A hydroxy fatty acid anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy function of 13,14-dihydro-15-oxolipoxin A4; major species at pH 7.3.
(12S)-hydroperoxy-(14R,15S)-epoxy-(5Z,8Z,10E)-icosatrienoate
A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of (12S)-hydroperoxy-(14R,15S)-EET, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.
(12S)-hydroperoxy-(14S,15R)-epoxy-(5Z,8Z,10E)-icosatrienoate
A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of (12S)-hydroperoxy-(14S,15R)-epoxy-(5Z,8Z,10E)-icosatrienoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.
(5S)-hydroperoxy-(14R,15S)-epoxy-(6E,8Z,11Z)-icosatrienoate
A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of (5S)-hydroperoxy-(14R,15S)-epoxy-(6E,8Z,11Z)-icosatrienoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.
(8S)-hydroperoxy-(14S,15R)-epoxy-(5Z,9E,11Z)-icosatrienoate
A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of (8S)-hydroperoxy-(14S,15R)-epoxy-(5Z,9E,11Z)-icosatrienoate, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.
6-(3,5-dimethyl-4-isoxazolyl)-N-[(1-methyl-2-piperidinyl)methyl]-4-quinazolinamine
2-(Diethylaminomethyl)-4-spiro[1,6-dihydrobenzo[h]quinazoline-5,1-cyclohexane]one
(5S,6Z,8E,10E,12R,14Z)-5,12,19-trihydroxyicosa-6,8,10,14-tetraenoate
(5S,6Z,8E,10E,12R,14Z)-5,12,18-trihydroxyicosa-6,8,10,14-tetraenoate
(5S,6E,8Z,11Z,13E,15S)-15-hydroperoxy-5-hydroxyicosa-6,8,11,13-tetraenoate
N,N-bis(2-methoxyethyl)-2-(4-methylphenyl)quinazolin-4-amine
N-(9-ethyl-3-carbazolyl)-2-(2-oxolanylmethylamino)acetamide
5-hydroperoxy-15-HETE(1-)
An icosanoid anion that is the conjugate base of 5-hydroperoxy-15-HETE, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.
(5Z,13E,15S,17Z)-9alpha,11alpha,15-Trihydroxyprosta-5,13,17-trien-1-Oate
(2S)-hydroxy[(9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadeca-9,12,15-trienoylamino]acetic acid
2-(2H-Benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-2-yl)-4,6-dipentylphenol
N-[(4E,8E,12E)-1,3-dihydroxytetradeca-4,8,12-trien-2-yl]heptanamide
C21H37NO3 (351.27732920000005)
N-[(4E,8E,12E)-1,3-dihydroxynonadeca-4,8,12-trien-2-yl]acetamide
C21H37NO3 (351.27732920000005)
N-[(4E,8E,12E)-1,3-dihydroxyoctadeca-4,8,12-trien-2-yl]propanamide
C21H37NO3 (351.27732920000005)
N-[(4E,8E,12E)-1,3-dihydroxypentadeca-4,8,12-trien-2-yl]hexanamide
C21H37NO3 (351.27732920000005)
N-[(4E,8E,12E)-1,3-dihydroxyheptadeca-4,8,12-trien-2-yl]butanamide
C21H37NO3 (351.27732920000005)
N-[(4E,8E,12E)-1,3-dihydroxyhexadeca-4,8,12-trien-2-yl]pentanamide
C21H37NO3 (351.27732920000005)
1-[Diethyl[(E)-2-phenylethenyl]silyl]-2-(diethylsilyl)benzene
dipivefrin
C19H29NO5 (351.20456240000004)
S - Sensory organs > S01 - Ophthalmologicals > S01E - Antiglaucoma preparations and miotics > S01EA - Sympathomimetics in glaucoma therapy D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents > D000322 - Adrenergic Agonists C78283 - Agent Affecting Organs of Special Senses > C29705 - Anti-glaucoma Agent
lipoxin B4(1-)
A hydroxy fatty acid anion obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group of lipoxin B4: major species at pH 7.3.
19-hydroxyleukotriene B4(1-)
A leukotriene anion that is the conjugate base of 19-hydroxyleukotriene B4, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.
(5S)-hydroxy-(15S)-hydroperoxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,13E)-icosatetraenoate
An hydroperoxy(hydroxy)icosatetraenoate that is the conjugate base of (5S)-hydroxy-(15S)-hydroperoxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,13E)-icosatetraenoic acid; major species at pH 7.3.
lipoxin A4(1-)
A hydroxy fatty acid anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy function of lipoxin A4: major species at pH 7.3.
18-hydroxyleukotriene B4(1-)
A leukotriene anion that is the conjugate base of 18-hydroxyleukotriene B4, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.
20-hydroxy-leukotriene B4(1-)
Conjugate base of 20-hydroxy-leukotriene B4 arising from deprotonation of the carboxylic acid function.
hexadecasphing-4-enine-1-phosphate
A sphingoid 1-phosphate that is hexadecasphing-4-enine substituted by a phospho group at position 1.
NPY5RA-972
NPY5RA-972 is an orally active, central nervous system (CNS) penetrating, potent and selective NPY Y5 receptor antagonist that prevents feeding driven by activation of this receptor[1].
2,4,7-trimethyl-octahydrocyclopenta[c]pyridin-6-yl 8-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyloct-2-enoate
C21H37NO3 (351.27732920000005)
(3s,8as)-1-hydroxy-3-{[1-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)indol-3-yl]methyl}-3h,6h,7h,8h,8ah-pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazin-4-one
(1s,12s,15s,20r)-15-hydroxy-1,16,16,20-tetramethyl-3-azapentacyclo[10.8.0.0²,¹⁰.0⁴,⁹.0¹⁵,²⁰]icosa-2(10),4,6,8-tetraen-17-one
1-hydroxy-3-{[2-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)-1h-indol-3-yl]methyl}-3h,6h,7h,8h,8ah-pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazin-4-one
1-hydroxy-3-{[2-(2-methylbut-3-en-2-yl)-1h-indol-3-yl]methyl}-3h,6h,7h,8h,8ah-pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazin-4-one
(1e,3s,5z,10s,11r)-2,6,10-trimethyl-1-(2-methyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)trideca-1,5-diene-3,11-diol
C20H33NO2S (351.22318780000006)