Exact Mass: 351.25620080000004
Exact Mass Matches: 351.25620080000004
Found 145 metabolites which its exact mass value is equals to given mass value 351.25620080000004,
within given mass tolerance error 0.05 dalton. Try search metabolite list with more accurate mass tolerance error
0.01 dalton.
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (d16:1-P)
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (d16:1-P) is a Sphingosine-1-phosphate. Sphingosine-1-phosphate is a signaling sphingolipid. It is also referred to as a bioactive lipid mediator. Sphingolipids at large form a class of lipids characterized by a particular aliphatic aminoalcohol, which is sphingosine. (Wikipedia)
Trideca-3,6,9-trienoylcarnitine
Trideca-3,6,9-trienoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an trideca-3,6,9-trienoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. Trideca-3,6,9-trienoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine Trideca-3,6,9-trienoylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
Trideca-6,8,10-trienoylcarnitine
Trideca-6,8,10-trienoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an trideca-6,8,10-trienoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. Trideca-6,8,10-trienoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine Trideca-6,8,10-trienoylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
Trideca-7,9,11-trienoylcarnitine
Trideca-7,9,11-trienoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an trideca-7,9,11-trienoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. Trideca-7,9,11-trienoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine Trideca-7,9,11-trienoylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
Trideca-3,5,7-trienoylcarnitine
Trideca-3,5,7-trienoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an trideca-3,5,7-trienoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. Trideca-3,5,7-trienoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine Trideca-3,5,7-trienoylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
Trideca-5,7,9-trienoylcarnitine
Trideca-5,7,9-trienoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an trideca-5,7,9-trienoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. Trideca-5,7,9-trienoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine Trideca-5,7,9-trienoylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
(3E,5E,9E)-Trideca-3,5,9-trienoylcarnitine
(3E,5E,9E)-Trideca-3,5,9-trienoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an (3E,5E,9E)-trideca-3,5,9-trienoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. (3E,5E,9E)-Trideca-3,5,9-trienoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine (3E,5E,9E)-Trideca-3,5,9-trienoylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
Trideca-4,6,8-trienoylcarnitine
Trideca-4,6,8-trienoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an trideca-4,6,8-trienoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. Trideca-4,6,8-trienoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine Trideca-4,6,8-trienoylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
Trideca-4,7,10-trienoylcarnitine
Trideca-4,7,10-trienoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an trideca-4,7,10-trienoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. Trideca-4,7,10-trienoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine Trideca-4,7,10-trienoylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
Trideca-2,5,8-trienoylcarnitine
Trideca-2,5,8-trienoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an trideca-2,5,8-trienoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. Trideca-2,5,8-trienoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine Trideca-2,5,8-trienoylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
Trideca-2,4,6-trienoylcarnitine
Trideca-2,4,6-trienoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an trideca-2,4,6-trienoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. Trideca-2,4,6-trienoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine Trideca-2,4,6-trienoylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
Trideca-5,8,11-trienoylcarnitine
Trideca-5,8,11-trienoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an trideca-5,8,11-trienoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. Trideca-5,8,11-trienoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine Trideca-5,8,11-trienoylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
Phenol, 2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4,6-bis(1,1-dimethylpropyl)-
2-(2H-Benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-2-yl)-4,6-di-tert-pentylphenol
(Z)-3-(1-hydroxyhexadecylidene)-1-methylpyrrolidine-2,4-dione|melophlin A
C21H37NO3 (351.27732920000005)
Melophlin R
C21H37NO3 (351.27732920000005)
A member of the class of pyrrolidin-2-ones that is 1,5-dimethylpyrrolidine-2,4-dione substituted by a 1-hydroxy-12-methyltetradecylidene moiety at position 3. Isolated from the marine sponge Melophlus sarasinorum and other species of genus Melophlus, it exhibits cytotoxicity against murine leukemia cell line.
2-[(6Z,9Z)-pentadeca-6,9-dienyl]quinolin-4(1H)-one
Melophlin S
C21H37NO3 (351.27732920000005)
A member of the class of pyrrolidin-2-ones that is 1,5-dimethylpyrrolidine-2,4-dione substituted by a 1-hydroxy-5-methyltetradecylidene moiety at position 3. Isolated from the marine sponge Melophlus sarasinorum and other species of genus Melophlus, it exhibits cytotoxicity against murine leukemia cell line.
16,17-Didehydroloesenerin-18-ol|16-17-didehydroloesenerin-18-ol
Melophlin Q
C21H37NO3 (351.27732920000005)
A pyrrolidinone that is 1,5-dimethylpyrrolidine-2,4-dione substituted by a 1-hydroxy-13-methyltetradecylidene moiety at position 3. Isolated from the marine sponge Melophlus sarasinorum and other species of genus Melophlus, it exhibits cytotoxicity against murine leukemia cell line.
dodecylphosphocholine
C17H38NO4P (351.25383180000006)
D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D010726 - Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors
N-3-oxo-hexadec-11(Z)-enoyl-L-Homoserine lactone
sodium N-(2-carboxyethyl)-N-dodecyl-beta-alaninate
C18H34NNaO4 (351.23854040000003)
sebacic acid, compound with 2,2,2-nitrilotriethanol
1,5-Pentanediaminium,N1,N1,N1,N5,N5,N5-hexaethyl-, bromide (1:2)
N,N-DIMETHYL-N-DODECYL-N-(2-HYDROXY-3-SULFOPROPYL)AMMONIUM BETAINE
1H-Benzimidazole,2-[1-[(1-cyclopentyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)methyl]-4-piperidinyl]-(9CI)
BIS-(2-HYDROXYETHYL)METHYL-TETRADECYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE
C19H42ClNO2 (351.29039020000005)
Phenadoxone
C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C67413 - Opioid Receptor Agonist
prostaglandin E2(1-)
The conjugate base of prostaglandin E2; major species at pH 7.3.
prostaglandin I2(1-)
D006401 - Hematologic Agents > D010975 - Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000959 - Antihypertensive Agents Conjugate base of prostaglandin I2.
thromboxane A2(1-)
Conjugate base of thromboxane A2 arising from deprotonation of the carboxylic acid function. COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
prostaglandin D2(1-)
A prostaglandin carboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of prostaglandin D2., obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.
(5S,6E,8Z,10E,12E,14R,15S)-5,14,15-Trihydroxyicosa-6,8,10,12-tetraenoate
D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents
(5S,6R,7E,9E,11Z,13E,15S)-5,6,15-trihydroxyicosa-7,9,11,13-tetraenoate
15-dehydro-prostaglandin E1(1-)
Conjugate base of 15-dehydro-prostaglandin E1.
(5S,6Z,8E,10E,12R,14Z)-5,12,20-Trihydroxyicosa-6,8,10,14-tetraenoate
2-Azaniumyl-3-hydroxy-15-methylhexadecane-1-sulfonate
13,14-dihydro-15-oxo-prostaglandin E2(1-)
Conjugate base of 13,14-dihydro-15-oxo-prostaglandin E2.
(5S,15S)-5-hydroperoxy-15-HETE(1-)
5-hydroperoxy-15-HETE(1-) that has 5S,15S configuration. The conjugate base of (5S,15S)-5-hydroperoxy-15-HETE. The major species at pH 7.3.
(5S,7E,9E,11Z,13E,15S)-15-hydroperoxy-5-hydroxyicosa-7,9,11,13-tetraenoate
(5S,6E,8Z,11Z,13E,15R)-5-hydroperoxy-15-hydroxyicosa-6,8,11,13-tetraenoate
(11Z,17Z)-14-hydroxy-11,12-dimethylicosa-11,17-dienoate
C22H39O3- (351.28990439999995)
20-hydroxy-6-trans-leukotriene B4(1-)
A leukotriene anion that is the conjugate base of 20-hydroxy-6-trans-leukotriene B4 arising from deprotonation of the carboxylic acid function; major species at pH 7.3.
13,14-dihydro-15-oxolipoxin A4(1-)
A hydroxy fatty acid anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy function of 13,14-dihydro-15-oxolipoxin A4; major species at pH 7.3.
(12S)-hydroperoxy-(14R,15S)-epoxy-(5Z,8Z,10E)-icosatrienoate
A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of (12S)-hydroperoxy-(14R,15S)-EET, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.
(12S)-hydroperoxy-(14S,15R)-epoxy-(5Z,8Z,10E)-icosatrienoate
A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of (12S)-hydroperoxy-(14S,15R)-epoxy-(5Z,8Z,10E)-icosatrienoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.
(5S)-hydroperoxy-(14R,15S)-epoxy-(6E,8Z,11Z)-icosatrienoate
A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of (5S)-hydroperoxy-(14R,15S)-epoxy-(6E,8Z,11Z)-icosatrienoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.
(8S)-hydroperoxy-(14S,15R)-epoxy-(5Z,9E,11Z)-icosatrienoate
A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of (8S)-hydroperoxy-(14S,15R)-epoxy-(5Z,9E,11Z)-icosatrienoate, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.
2-(Diethylaminomethyl)-4-spiro[1,6-dihydrobenzo[h]quinazoline-5,1-cyclohexane]one
(5S,6Z,8E,10E,12R,14Z)-5,12,19-trihydroxyicosa-6,8,10,14-tetraenoate
(5S,6Z,8E,10E,12R,14Z)-5,12,18-trihydroxyicosa-6,8,10,14-tetraenoate
(5S,6E,8Z,11Z,13E,15S)-15-hydroperoxy-5-hydroxyicosa-6,8,11,13-tetraenoate
5-hydroperoxy-15-HETE(1-)
An icosanoid anion that is the conjugate base of 5-hydroperoxy-15-HETE, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.
(5Z,13E,15S,17Z)-9alpha,11alpha,15-Trihydroxyprosta-5,13,17-trien-1-Oate
(2S)-hydroxy[(9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadeca-9,12,15-trienoylamino]acetic acid
2-(2H-Benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-2-yl)-4,6-dipentylphenol
N-[(4E,8E,12E)-1,3-dihydroxytetradeca-4,8,12-trien-2-yl]heptanamide
C21H37NO3 (351.27732920000005)
N-[(4E,8E,12E)-1,3-dihydroxynonadeca-4,8,12-trien-2-yl]acetamide
C21H37NO3 (351.27732920000005)
N-[(4E,8E,12E)-1,3-dihydroxyoctadeca-4,8,12-trien-2-yl]propanamide
C21H37NO3 (351.27732920000005)
N-[(4E,8E,12E)-1,3-dihydroxypentadeca-4,8,12-trien-2-yl]hexanamide
C21H37NO3 (351.27732920000005)
N-[(4E,8E,12E)-1,3-dihydroxyheptadeca-4,8,12-trien-2-yl]butanamide
C21H37NO3 (351.27732920000005)
N-[(4E,8E,12E)-1,3-dihydroxyhexadeca-4,8,12-trien-2-yl]pentanamide
C21H37NO3 (351.27732920000005)
lipoxin B4(1-)
A hydroxy fatty acid anion obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group of lipoxin B4: major species at pH 7.3.
19-hydroxyleukotriene B4(1-)
A leukotriene anion that is the conjugate base of 19-hydroxyleukotriene B4, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.
(5S)-hydroxy-(15S)-hydroperoxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,13E)-icosatetraenoate
An hydroperoxy(hydroxy)icosatetraenoate that is the conjugate base of (5S)-hydroxy-(15S)-hydroperoxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,13E)-icosatetraenoic acid; major species at pH 7.3.
lipoxin A4(1-)
A hydroxy fatty acid anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy function of lipoxin A4: major species at pH 7.3.
18-hydroxyleukotriene B4(1-)
A leukotriene anion that is the conjugate base of 18-hydroxyleukotriene B4, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.
20-hydroxy-leukotriene B4(1-)
Conjugate base of 20-hydroxy-leukotriene B4 arising from deprotonation of the carboxylic acid function.
hexadecasphing-4-enine-1-phosphate
A sphingoid 1-phosphate that is hexadecasphing-4-enine substituted by a phospho group at position 1.
2,4,7-trimethyl-octahydrocyclopenta[c]pyridin-6-yl 8-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyloct-2-enoate
C21H37NO3 (351.27732920000005)
(1s,12s,15s,20r)-15-hydroxy-1,16,16,20-tetramethyl-3-azapentacyclo[10.8.0.0²,¹⁰.0⁴,⁹.0¹⁵,²⁰]icosa-2(10),4,6,8-tetraen-17-one
(1e,3s,5z,10s,11r)-2,6,10-trimethyl-1-(2-methyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)trideca-1,5-diene-3,11-diol
C20H33NO2S (351.22318780000006)
(2r,5s,10s,11r)-2,6,6,10-tetramethyl-15-azapentacyclo[11.6.1.0²,¹¹.0⁵,¹⁰.0¹⁶,²⁰]icosa-1(19),13,16(20)-triene-17,18-dione
1-[(8r)-6-hydroxy-8-[(1z,3e,5r)-5-hydroxyhepta-1,3-dien-1-yl]-1,5,9-triazacyclotridec-5-en-1-yl]ethanone
(2e)-n-{4-[(3-aminopropyl)amino]butyl}-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enimidic acid
C18H29N3O4 (351.21579540000005)
15-hydroxy-1,16,16,20-tetramethyl-3-azapentacyclo[10.8.0.0²,¹⁰.0⁴,⁹.0¹⁵,²⁰]icosa-2(10),4,6,8-tetraen-17-one
2,6,6,10-tetramethyl-15-azapentacyclo[11.6.1.0²,¹¹.0⁵,¹⁰.0¹⁶,²⁰]icosa-1(19),13,16(20)-triene-17,18-dione
(4r,4as,6r,7s,7ar)-2,4,7-trimethyl-octahydrocyclopenta[c]pyridin-6-yl (2e,6s)-8-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyloct-2-enoate
C21H37NO3 (351.27732920000005)
2-[(6z,9z)-pentadeca-6,9-dien-1-yl]-1h-quinolin-4-one
(3s,3ar,4as,5r,7s,7as,8r,9as)-5,7-dihydroxy-4a,8-dimethyl-3-(piperidin-1-ylmethyl)-decahydroazuleno[6,5-b]furan-2-one
(4r,4as,6r,7s,7ar)-2,4,7-trimethyl-octahydrocyclopenta[c]pyridin-6-yl (2e)-8-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyloct-2-enoate
C21H37NO3 (351.27732920000005)
(6z)-1-{2-[(1r)-1h,2h,3h,4h,9h-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl]ethyl}-1-azacycloundec-6-ene
1-[6-hydroxy-8-(5-hydroxyhepta-1,3-dien-1-yl)-1,5,9-triazacyclotridec-5-en-1-yl]ethanone
2,6,10-trimethyl-1-(2-methyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)trideca-1,5-diene-3,11-diol
C20H33NO2S (351.22318780000006)