Exact Mass: 207.1443
Exact Mass Matches: 207.1443
Found 445 metabolites which its exact mass value is equals to given mass value 207.1443,
within given mass tolerance error 0.05 dalton. Try search metabolite list with more accurate mass tolerance error
0.01 dalton.
Miglitol
Miglitol is an oral anti-diabetic drug that acts by inhibiting the ability of the patient to breakdown complex carbohydrates into glucose. It is primarily used in diabetes mellitus type 2 for establishing greater glycemic control by preventing the digestion of carbohydrates (such as disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides) into monosaccharides which can be absorbed by the body. Miglitol inhibits glycoside hydrolase enzymes called alpha-glucosidases. Since miglitol works by preventing digestion of carbohydrates, it lowers the degree of postprandial hyperglycemia. It must be taken at the start of main meals to have maximal effect. Its effect will depend on the amount of non-monosaccharide carbohydrates in a persons diet. In contrast to acarbose (another alpha-glucosidase inhibitor), miglitol is systemically absorbed; however, it is not metabolized and is excreted by the kidneys. A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A10 - Drugs used in diabetes > A10B - Blood glucose lowering drugs, excl. insulins > A10BF - Alpha glucosidase inhibitors D007004 - Hypoglycemic Agents > D065089 - Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C2846 - Glucosidase Inhibitor D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors
Fenobucarb
C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C47792 - Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor
4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone
4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (also known as NNK) is a potent tobacco-specific nitrosamine derived from nicotine. It plays a key role in human tobacco-related cancers (PMID:24830349). NNK is found in cured tobacco and is also produced during its burning or combustion in cigarettes. NNK is abundantly present in cigarette smoke (20-280 ng/cigarette). Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) do not convert nicotine to NNK due to their lower operating temperatures. NNK is a procarcinogen. This means it must be activated by cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP2A6 and CYP2B6) to become a carcinogen (PMID:24830349). NNK can also be activated by myeloperoxidase (MPO) and epoxide hydrolase (EPHX1). All activation processes lead to the formation of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol from NNK, which is called NNAL (PMID:24830349). NNAL can be detoxified via glucuronidation via glucuronidases. Once NNK is activated to NNAL, this compound initiates a cascade of signalling pathways (for example ERK1/2, NFκB, PI3K/Akt, MAPK, FasL, K-ras), resulting in uncontrolled cellular proliferation and tumorigenesis. NNK is known as a mutagen and can cause point mutations that affect cell growth proliferation and differentiation. NNK also targets the SULT1A1, TGF-beta, and angiotensin II genes. NNK plays a key role in gene silencing, gene modification, and carcinogenesis. NNK has been implicated in tumour promotion by activating nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and β-adrenergic receptors (β-AdrRs), leading to downstream activation of parallel signal transduction pathways that facilitate tumour progression (PMID:24830349). Antioxidants such as EGCG (from green tea) inhibit lung tumorigenesis by NNK. 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) is a potent tobacco-specific nitrosamine in animals. It has been suggested to play a role in human tobacco-related cancers. P450 1A2 catalyzed the formation of keto alcohol and 4-oxo-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (keto aldehyde) from NNK, with the keto alcohol being the major metabolite. Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC0 is an effective inhibitor of the carcinogenicity or toxicity of chemicals that are activated by P450 1A2.( PMID: 8625495) [HMDB] D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens
PROMECARB
C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C47792 - Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 592; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9206; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9204 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 592; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9206; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9205 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 592; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9113; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9111 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 592; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9216; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9213 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 592; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9155; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9153 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 592; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 9175; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 9173
2-Amino-6-methyl-4-propyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-5-one
O-Methylcorypalline
O-Methylcorypalline is found in coffee and coffee products. O-Methylcorypalline is an alkaloid from Nelumbo nucifera (East Indian lotus Alkaloid from Nelumbo nucifera (East Indian lotus). O-Methylcorypalline is found in tea, coffee and coffee products, and sacred lotus.
Ciclopirox
Ciclopirox is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a synthetic antifungal agent for topical dermatologic use. [Wikipedia] Unlike antifungals such as itraconazole and terbinafine, which affect sterol synthesis, ciclopirox is thought to act through the chelation of polyvalent metal cations, such as Fe3+ and Al3+. These cations inhibit many enzymes, including cytochromes, thus disrupting cellular activities such as mitochondrial electron transport processes and energy production. Ciclopirox also appears to modify the plasma membrane of fungi, resulting in the disorganization of internal structures. The anti-inflammatory action of ciclopirox is most likely due to inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase. Ciclopirox may exert its effect by disrupting DNA repair, cell division signals and structures (mitotic spindles) as well as some elements of intracellular transport. G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G01 - Gynecological antiinfectives and antiseptics > G01A - Antiinfectives and antiseptics, excl. combinations with corticosteroids D - Dermatologicals > D01 - Antifungals for dermatological use > D01A - Antifungals for topical use D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000935 - Antifungal Agents C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C514 - Antifungal Agent
Isobutyl N-methylanthranilate
Isobutyl N-methylanthranilate is a possible flavour ingredient; reported in food additive surveys. Possible flavour ingredient; reported in food additive surveys
Synephrine acetonide
Synephrine acetonide is found in fruits. Synephrine acetonide is an alkaloid from the seeds of Casimiroa edulis (Mexican apple). Alkaloid from the seeds of Casimiroa edulis (Mexican apple). Synephrine acetonide is found in fruits.
1-(2,3-Dihydro-6,7-dimethyl-1H-pyrrolizin-5-yl)-2-hydroxy-1-propanone
Proline-derived Maillard product. Proline-derived Maillard product
N-Desmethyl tapentadol
N-Desmethyl tapentadol is a metabolite of tapentadol. Tapentadol (trade name Nucynta, Palexia, In India - ZYNTAP) is a centrally acting analgesic with a dual mode of action as an agonist of the μ-opioid receptor and as a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. It is also an agonist of the σ2 receptor, though the function of this orphan receptor remains controversial. While its analgesic actions have been compared to tramadol and oxycodone, its general potency is somewhere between tramadol and morphine in effectiveness. (Wikipedia)
Phenyl-Leucine
Phenyl-Leucine, also known as L-leucine, N-phenyl- is classified as a leucine or a leucine derivative. Leucines are compounds containing leucine or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of leucine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom. Phenyl-Leucine is considered to be practically insoluble (in water) and acidic. (ChemoSummarizer)
(1E,3E)-1-(4-Fluorophenyl)-2-methyl-1-penten-3-one oxime
1-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol
4'-(Nitrosomethylamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone
D009676 - Noxae > D002273 - Carcinogens
6,7-Dihydroxy-2-dimethylaminotetralin
(2S)-2-(Diaminomethylideneamino)-3-phenylpropanoic acid
N-Methyl-1-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2-butanamine
3,4-Methylenedioxy-N-ethylamphetamine
D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D014179 - Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors > D018759 - Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators
salsolidine
D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D018726 - Anti-Dyskinesia Agents > D000978 - Antiparkinson Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D065098 - Catechol O-Methyltransferase Inhibitors relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.156 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.138 Salsolidine is a tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid, acts as a stereoselective competitive MAO A inhibitor.
2-amino-3-(2,3-dihydroxypropoxy)-3-methylbutanoic acid
Phenylalanine betaine
MS2 deconvoluted using MS2Dec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; XTFQIRIHLGODFV-NSHDSACASA-N_STSL_0037_Phenylalanine betaine_0125fmol_180407_S2_LC02_MS02_88; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I. MS2 deconvoluted using CorrDec from all ion fragmentation data, MetaboLights identifier MTBLS1040; Spectrum acquired as described in Naz et al 2017 PMID 28641411. Preparation and submission to MassBank of North America by Chaleckis R. and Tada I.
N,N-diethyl-4-methoxybenzamide
[Raw Data] CB153_N; N-Diethyl-4-methoxybenzamide_pos_50eV_CB000058.txt [Raw Data] CB153_N; N-Diethyl-4-methoxybenzamide_pos_40eV_CB000058.txt [Raw Data] CB153_N; N-Diethyl-4-methoxybenzamide_pos_30eV_CB000058.txt [Raw Data] CB153_N; N-Diethyl-4-methoxybenzamide_pos_20eV_CB000058.txt N-Diethyl-4-methoxybenzamide_pos_10eV_CB000058.txt; [Raw Data] CB153_N [Raw Data] CB153_N; N-Diethyl-4-methoxybenzamide_pos_10eV_CB000058.txt
N,N-diethyl-3-methoxybenzamide
[Raw Data] CB155_N; N-Diethyl-3-methoxybenzamide_pos_50eV_CB000060.txt [Raw Data] CB155_N; N-Diethyl-3-methoxybenzamide_pos_40eV_CB000060.txt [Raw Data] CB155_N; N-Diethyl-3-methoxybenzamide_pos_30eV_CB000060.txt [Raw Data] CB155_N; N-Diethyl-3-methoxybenzamide_pos_20eV_CB000060.txt [Raw Data] CB155_N; N-Diethyl-3-methoxybenzamide_pos_10eV_CB000060.txt
N,N-diethyl-2-methoxybenzamide
[Raw Data] CB171_N; N-Diethyl-2-methoxybenzamide_pos_50eV_CB000065.txt [Raw Data] CB171_N; N-Diethyl-2-methoxybenzamide_pos_40eV_CB000065.txt [Raw Data] CB171_N; N-Diethyl-2-methoxybenzamide_pos_30eV_CB000065.txt [Raw Data] CB171_N; N-Diethyl-2-methoxybenzamide_pos_20eV_CB000065.txt [Raw Data] CB171_N; N-Diethyl-2-methoxybenzamide_pos_10eV_CB000065.txt
4-dimethoxymethyl-7-methyl-6,7-dihydro-5H-[2]pyrindine|Boschniakin-dimethylacetal
(5S)-2,10-dimethyl-(4ac,9ac)-5,6,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-4aH-5r,8c-epiazano-cyclohepta[b]pyran-4-one|5,11-Dihydroisobellendine
triacsin c
A nitroso compound that is N-undecylnitrous hydrazide carrying double bonds at positions 1,2,4, and 7. It is a long-chain fatty acyl CoA synthetase inhibitor and interferes with lipid metabolism by inhibiting the de novo synthesis of glycerolipids and cholesterol esters. D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014665 - Vasodilator Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors
(5S)-3xi,10-dimethyl-2,3,6,7,8,9-hexahydro-5H-5r,8c-epiazano-cyclohepta[b]pyran-4-one|2,3-Dihydrobellendine|2,3-Epidihydrobellendine
(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-2,6-bis(hydroxymethyl)-1-methylpiperidine-3,4,5-triol|N-methyl-alpha-homonojirimycin
1,1-dimethyl-6-methoxy-7-hydroxyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline|6-methoxy-1,1-dimethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinolin-7-ol
N-Methyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-methoxyacetamide
Semicarbazone-3,6,6-Trimethyl-2,4-cycloheptadien-1-one
2-(1,2-Dihydroxypropyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine-3,4-diol
Salsolidin
Salsolidine is a natural product found in Ototropis elegans, Phyllodium elegans, and Alhagi maurorum with data available.
3,4-Methylenedioxy-N-ethylamphetamine (MDEA)
CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1713
AURORA KA-7747
D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D014179 - Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors > D018759 - Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3606
MEX_208.1332_16.9
CONFIDENCE Tentative identification: most likely structure (Level 3); INTERNAL_ID 907
Fenobucarb
C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C47792 - Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor
Miglitol
A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A10 - Drugs used in diabetes > A10B - Blood glucose lowering drugs, excl. insulins > A10BF - Alpha glucosidase inhibitors D007004 - Hypoglycemic Agents > D065089 - Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C2846 - Glucosidase Inhibitor D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors
CICLOPIROX
G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones > G01 - Gynecological antiinfectives and antiseptics > G01A - Antiinfectives and antiseptics, excl. combinations with corticosteroids D - Dermatologicals > D01 - Antifungals for dermatological use > D01A - Antifungals for topical use D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000935 - Antifungal Agents C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C514 - Antifungal Agent
2,3-dihydro-6,7-Dimethyl-5-(2-hydroxypropionyl)-1H-pyrrolizine
1H-Pyrrole-3-carboxaldehyde,2,5-dimethyl-1-[(tetrahydro-2-furanyl)methyl]-(9CI)
2-(3,5-DIMETHYL-PHENYLAMINO)-2-METHYL-PROPIONIC ACID
Imidodicarbonimidic diamide, N- (4-methoxyphenyl)-
Methyl N-cyclopentyl-β-alaninate hydrochloride (1:1)
(S)-METHYL 2-AMINO-3-CYCLOPENTYLPROPANOATE HYDROCHLORIDE
Piperazine,1-[2-(2,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)ethyl]-
1-Cyclopropyl-1-(2-thienyl)-N-cyclobutylmethanamine
ETHYL 3-METHYLPIPERIDINE-3-CARBOXYLATE HYDROCHLORIDE
2-(4-DIMETHYLAMINO-PHENYL)-2-METHYL-PROPIONIC ACID
2-amino-2,3,3-trideuterio-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid
(2,6-Dimethyl-1-piperidinyl)acetic acid hydrochloride (1:1)
2-[(2,2-Dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-yl)oxy]ethanamine
CYCLOHEX-3-EN-1-YL(2-METHYLPIPERIDIN-1-YL)METHANONE
6-(DIMETHOXYMETHYL)-3-METHYL-3H-IMIDAZO[4,5-B]PYRIDINE
N-METHYL-N-[(6-MORPHOLIN-4-YLPYRIDIN-2-YL)METHYL]AMINE
Hydrazinecarboxamide,2-[1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethylidene]-
1-METHYL-3-(4,4,5,5-TETRAMETHYL-1,3,2-DIOXABOROLAN-2-YL)-1H-PYRROLE
ETHYL 3-METHYLPIPERIDINE-4-CARBOXYLATE HYDROCHLORIDE
trans-methyl 4-aminomethyl-cyclohexanecarboxylate hydrochloride
(1R,2S)-3,3,3-trideuterio-1-phenyl-2-(trideuteriomethylamino)propan-1-ol,hydrochloride
4-(4-METHYLSULFANYL-PHENYL)-PIPERIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE
6-fluorospiro[3,4-dihydrochromene-2,1-cyclobutane]-4-amine
(S)-(-)-2-Hydrazinyl-2-oxo-N-(1-phenylethyl)acetamide
Benzene,5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1,3-dimethyl-2-nitro-
N-(5-isopropyl-2-pyridyl)-2-methyl-propane-1,2-diamine
Tricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]decane, 1-isothiocyanato-3-methyl- (9CI)
(2S,4S)-BENZYL 4-HYDROXY-2-(HYDROXYMETHYL)PYRROLIDINE-1-CARBOXYLATE
Benzenamine, 4-(1-aminocyclopropyl)-N-methyl-2-nitro-
4-PIPERIDINOL, 1-METHYL-, PROPANOATE, HYDROCHLORIDE
6-(Propylamino)-3,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-1(2H)-naphthalenone
N-(3-amino-4-methylphenyl)-2-(dimethylamino)acetamide
Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, 4-(aminomethyl)-, methyl ester, hydrochloride (1:1)
1-METHYL-2-(4,4,5,5-TETRAMETHYL-1,3,2-DIOXABOROLAN-2-YL)-1H-PYRROLE
1-AMINO-CYCLOHEXANECARBOXYLIC ACID ETHYL ESTER HCL
1-isopropyl-piperidine-3-carboxylic acid hydrochloride
3-(5,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxan-2-yl)aniline(SALTDATA: FREE)
N-METHYL-N-[(2-MORPHOLIN-4-YLPYRIDIN-4-YL)METHYL]AMINE
ETHYL TRANS-2-AMINO-1-CYCLOHEXANECARBOXYLATE HYDROCHLORIDE
2-(3-DIMETHYLAMINO-PHENYL)-2-METHYL-PROPIONIC ACID
MEOBENTINE
C78274 - Agent Affecting Cardiovascular System > C47793 - Antiarrhythmic Agent
Ethyl cis-2-amino-1-cyclohexanecarboxylate hydrochloride
Guanoxan
C - Cardiovascular system > C02 - Antihypertensives > C02C - Antiadrenergic agents, peripherally acting > C02CC - Guanidine derivatives C78274 - Agent Affecting Cardiovascular System > C270 - Antihypertensive Agent
Ethyl 4-methylpiperidine-4-carboxylate hydrochloride
6-[(2R,6S)-2,6-Dimethyl-4-morpholinyl]-3-pyridinamine
2-CYCLOOCTYL-2-HYDROXYETHYLAMINE HYDRO-C HLORIDE (CONH)
Spiro[oxazolidine-5,2-tricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]decan]-2-one (9CI)
5-amino-6-methoxy-1,3-dimethyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one(SALTDATA: 1HCl 1.3H2O)
3-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-4-ethoxybenzaldehyde(SALTDATA: FREE)
poly(2-methacrylolyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride) macromolecule
1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-5,6-dimethoxy-2-naphthalenamine
1H-Inden-1-amine,2,3-dihydro-4,7-dimethoxy-6-methyl-(9CI)
N-((2,3-DIHYDROBENZO[B][1,4]DIOXIN-2-YL)METHYL)PROPAN-2-AMINE
1H-Benzimidazole-5,6-diol,2-(dimethylamino)-1-methyl-(9CI)
6-(Dimethylamino)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalene-1,2-diol
(2S)-2-Amino-3-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)propanoic acid
Iproheptine hydrochloride
C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C29578 - Histamine-1 Receptor Antagonist
4H-Pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide, 6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-6-methyl-4-oxo-
Silanamine, 1-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1,1-dimethyl-N-phenyl-
2-[(3,5-Dimethyl-4-isoxazolyl)methyl]cyclohexanone
N3-(1,3,5-trimethyl-4-pyrazolyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3,5-diamine
1H,2H,3H,4H-3-Tert-butylpyrro(1,2-D)(1,2,4)triazine-1,4-dione
(4S,4aS)-1-amino-7-ethenyl-4,7-dimethyl-4,4a,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[1,2-c]pyrimidin-3-one
6,7-Dimethoxy-2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline
1-(2,3-Dihydro-6,7-dimethyl-1H-pyrrolizin-5-yl)-2-hydroxy-1-propanone
L-2,4,6-trimethylphenylalanine
A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-phenylalanine in which the phenyl ring is methylated at positions 2, 4 and 6.
Rivanicline hemioxalate
Rivanicline hemioxalate (RJR-2403 hemioxalate; (E)-Metanicotine hemioxalate) is a neuronal nicotinic receptor agonist, showing high selectivity for the α4β2 subtype (Ki=26 nM); > 1,000 fold selectivity than α7 receptors(Ki= 3.6 μM). IC50 value: 26 nM [1] Target: α4β2 nAChR in vitro: At concentrations up to 1 mM, Rivanicline does not significantly activate nAChRs in PC12 cells, muscle type nAChRs or muscarinic receptors. Dose-response curves for agonist-induced ileum contraction indicate that Rivanicline is less than one-tenth as potent as nicotine with greatly reduced efficacy. Rivanicline does not antagonize nicotine-stimulated muscle or ganglionic nAChR function (IC50 > 1 mM). Chronic exposure of M10 cells to Rivanicline (10 microM) results in an up-regulation of high-affinity nAChRs phenomenologically similar to that seen with nicotine [1]. in vivo: Rivanicline significantly improved passive avoidance retention after scopolamine-induced amnesia and enhanced both working and reference memory in rats with ibotenic acid lesions of the forebrain cholinergic projection system in an 8-arm radial maze paradigm. By comparison, Rivanicline was 15 to 30-fold less potent than nicotine in decreasing body temperature, respiration, Y-maze rears and crosses and acoustic startle response [2]. Metanicotine was about 5-fold less potent than nicotine in the tail-flick test after s.c administration, but slightly more potent after central administration [3].
