Classification Term: 184
Pterins and derivatives (ontology term: CHEMONTID:0000110)
Polycyclic aromatic compounds containing a pterin moiety, which consist of a pteridine ring bearing a ketone and an amine group to form 2-aminopteridin-4(3H)-one." []
found 31 associated metabolites at sub_class metabolite taxonomy ontology rank level.
Ancestor: Pteridines and derivatives
Child Taxonomies: Pteroic acids and derivatives, Biopterins and derivatives, Pyranopterins and derivatives, Pterin carboxylates, Molybdopterins, Dihydropteroic acids and derivatives, Tetrahydropteroic acids and derivatives
Citicoline
C14H26N4O11P2 (488.10732659999996)
CDP-choline is a member of the class of phosphocholines that is the chloine ester of CDP. It is an intermediate obtained in the biosynthetic pathway of structural phospholipids in cell membranes. It has a role as a human metabolite, a psychotropic drug, a neuroprotective agent, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a member of phosphocholines and a member of nucleotide-(amino alcohol)s. It is functionally related to a CDP. It is a conjugate base of a CDP-choline(1+). Citicoline is a donor of choline in biosynthesis of choline-containing phosphoglycerides. It has been investigated for the treatment, supportive care, and diagnosis of Mania, Stroke, Hypomania, Cocaine Abuse, and Bipolar Disorder, among others. Citicoline is a nutritional supplement and source of choline and cytidine with potential neuroprotective and nootropic activity. Citicoline, also known as cytidine-5-diphosphocholine or CDP-choline, is hydrolyzed into cytidine and choline in the intestine. Following absorption, both cytidine and choline are dispersed, utilized in various biosynthesis pathways, and cross the blood-brain barrier for resynthesis into citicoline in the brain, which is the rate-limiting product in the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine. This agent also increases acetylcholine (Ach), norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine levels in the central nervous system (CNS). In addition, citicoline is involved in the preservation of sphingomyelin and cardiolipin and the restoration of Na+/K+-ATPase activity. Citicoline also increases glutathione synthesis and glutathione reductase activity, and exerts antiapoptotic effects. Donor of choline in biosynthesis of choline-containing phosphoglycerides. N - Nervous system > N06 - Psychoanaleptics > N06B - Psychostimulants, agents used for adhd and nootropics Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D018697 - Nootropic Agents Citicoline (Cytidine diphosphate-choline) is an intermediate in the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine, a component of cell membranes. Citicoline exerts neuroprotective effects. Citicoline (Cytidine diphosphate-choline) is an intermediate in the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine, a component of cell membranes. Citicoline exerts neuroprotective effects.
Isoxanthopterin
Isoxanthopterin is a pteridine normally present in plasma, urine, and other bodily fluids also vary from normal concentrations in some disease states and also have diagnostic value. Pteridines urinary concentrations seem to vary independently from each other and from normal values to yield a pattern of excreted pteridines that is diagnostic for different species, tissues, and tumor types. Intravenous or intramuscular administration of isoxanthopterin inhibits the growth rates of animal tumor models. ; Pteridin derivatives are a family of organic compound with very similar chemical structures which play an important biochemistry role. Pteridines metabolism and its regulation in normal and pathological conditions have not been extensively investigated due to the difficulty of their quantification. A significant decrease of isoxanthopterin has been determined in cancer patients. (PMID 15837549, 9800651); Xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) is the enzymes responsible for the conversion of xanthine to uric acid. It requires the presence of the molybdenum cofactor for its proper functioning. XDH is reported to have additional functions, i.e., the conversion of pterin to isoxanthopterin, one of the steps the degradation pathway of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4). Isoxanthopterin is very low in some cases of hereditary xanthinuria (OMIM 278300) and molybdenum cofactor deficiency (OMIM 252150). (PMID: 8812740). Isoxanthopterin is found in soy bean. Isoxanthopterin is a pteridine normally present in plasma, urine, and other bodily fluids also vary from normal concentrations in some disease states and also have diagnostic value. Pteridines urinary concentrations seem to vary independently from each other and from normal values to yield a pattern of excreted pteridines that is diagnostic for different species, tissues, and tumor types. Intravenous or intramuscular administration of isoxanthopterin inhibits the growth rates of animal tumor models. Pteridin derivatives are a family of organic compound with very similar chemical structures which play an important biochemistry role. Pteridines metabolism and its regulation in normal and pathological conditions have not been extensively investigated due to the difficulty of their quantification. A significant decrease of isoxanthopterin has been determined in cancer patients. (PMID 15837549, 9800651). Xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) is the enzymes responsible for the conversion of xanthine to uric acid. It requires the presence of the molybdenum cofactor for its proper functioning. XDH is reported to have additional functions, i.e., the conversion of pterin to isoxanthopterin, one of the steps the degradation pathway of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4). Isoxanthopterin is very low in some cases of hereditary xanthinuria (OMIM 278300) and molybdenum cofactor deficiency (OMIM 252150). (PMID: 8812740). COVID info from PDB, Protein Data Bank Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
Sepiapterin
Sepiapterin, also known as 2-amino-6-lactoyl-7,8-dihydropteridin-4(3H)-one, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pterins and derivatives. These are polycyclic aromatic compounds containing a pterin moiety, which consist of a pteridine ring bearing a ketone and an amine group to form 2-aminopteridin-4(3H)-one. Sepiapterin is also classified as a member of the pteridine class of organic chemicals. It is a yellow fluorescing pigment. Sepiapterin is an intermediate in the salvage pathway of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH(4)). More specifically, sepiapterin can be metabolized into tetrahydrobiopterin via the BH(4) salvage pathway. Tetrahydrobiopterin is an essential cofactor in humans for breakdown of phenylalanine and a catalyst of the metabolism of phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan to the neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin. A deficiency of tetrahydrobiopterin can cause toxic buildup of phenylalanine (phenylketonuria) as well as deficiencies of dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine, leading to dystonia and other neurological illnesses. Sepiapterin accumulates in the brain of patients with sepiapterin reductase (SR) deficiency, an inborn error of metabolism. Sepiapterin reductase deficiency is a condition characterized by movement problems, most often a pattern of involuntary, sustained muscle contractions known as dystonia. Other movement problems can include muscle stiffness (spasticity), tremors, problems with coordination and balance (ataxia), and involuntary jerking movements (chorea). People with sepiapterin reductase deficiency can experience episodes called oculogyric crises. These episodes involve abnormal rotation of the eyeballs; extreme irritability and agitation; and pain, muscle spasms, and uncontrolled movements, especially of the head and neck. Movement abnormalities are often worse late in the day. Most affected individuals have delayed development of motor skills such as sitting and crawling, and they typically are not able to walk unassisted. The problems with movement tend to worsen over time. Within humans, sepiapterin participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, sepiapterin can be converted into 7,8-dihydroneopterin; which is mediated by the enzyme sepiapterin reductase. In addition, sepiapterin can be converted into 7,8-dihydroneopterin through its interaction with the enzyme carbonyl reductase [NADPH] 1. Sepiapterin is an intermediate in the salvage pathway of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH(4)). It is a yellow fluorescing pigment. Sepiapterin accumulates in the brain of patients with sepiapterin reductase (SR) deficiency. [HMDB] C307 - Biological Agent
Pterin
Pterin is a chemical compound composed of a pyrazine ring and a pyrimidine ring; Pterin is a heterocyclic compound composed of a pyrazine ring and a pyrimidine ring (a pteridine ring system); the pyrimidine ring has a carbonyl oxygen and an amino group. Several tautomers of pterin exist and are shown below. As a group, pterins are compounds that are derivatives of 2-amino-4-oxopteridine, with additional functional groups attached to the pyrazine ring.; the pyrimidine ring has a carbonyl oxygen and an amino group. Several tautomers of pterin exist and are shown below. Pterin belongs to the pteridine family of heterocycles. -- Wikipedia. Pterin is found in soy bean. Pterin is a chemical compound composed of a pyrazine ring and a pyrimidine ring; the pyrimidine ring has a carbonyl oxygen and an amino group. Several tautomers of pterin exist and are shown below. Pterin belongs to the pteridine family of heterocycles. -- Wikipedia.
7,8-Dihydropteroic acid
In the mammalian host, dihydrofolate biosynthesis occurs via the reduction of folic acid, whereas in plasmodia (e.g. Plasmodium berghei, a malaria parasite) the biosynthesis of 7,8-dihydropteroate, an intermediate product in dihydrofolate synthesis, occurs via the enzymic catalysis of the reaction of 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropteridine pyrophosphate with p-aminobenzoate. Malaria parasites synthesize their folate cofactors de novo and the antimalarial action of sulfonamides is due to their inhibiting the plasmodial dihydropteroate synthesis. The enzymes 6-hydroxymethylpterin pyrophosphokinase (EC 2.7.6.3, HPPK) and dihydropteroate synthase (EC 2.5.1.15, DHPS) catalyze sequential steps in folate biosynthesis. They are present in microorganisms but absent in mammals and therefore are especially suitable targets for antimicrobials. Sulfa drugs (sulfonamides and sulfones) currently are used as antimicrobials targeting DHPS, although resistance to these drugs is increasing. An NADPH-coupled microplate photometric assay could be used for rapid screening of chemical libraries for novel inhibitors of folate biosynthesis as the first step in developing new antimicrobial drugs targeting the folate biosynthetic pathway; in the microplate, the product of the DHPS reaction, 7,8-dihydropteroic acid, is reduced to tetrahydropteroate by excess dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) using the cofactor NADPH (PMID: 17134675, 4354403, 3546688). 7,8-dihydropteroic acid, also known as dihydropteroinsaeure or h2pte, belongs to pterins and derivatives class of compounds. Those are polycyclic aromatic compounds containing a pterin moiety, which consist of a pteridine ring bearing a ketone and an amine group to form 2-aminopteridin-4(3H)-one. 7,8-dihydropteroic acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 7,8-dihydropteroic acid can be synthesized from pteroic acid. 7,8-dihydropteroic acid can also be synthesized into 2-hydroxy-7,8-dihydropteroic acid. 7,8-dihydropteroic acid can be found in a number of food items such as rice, towel gourd, cauliflower, and silver linden, which makes 7,8-dihydropteroic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. 7,8-dihydropteroic acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, 7,8-dihydropteroic acid is involved in the pterine biosynthesis.
6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropterin
2-amino-6-(hydroxymethyl)-7,8-dihydropteridin-4-ol, also known as hmdp cpd, belongs to pterins and derivatives class of compounds. Those are polycyclic aromatic compounds containing a pterin moiety, which consist of a pteridine ring bearing a ketone and an amine group to form 2-aminopteridin-4(3H)-one. 2-amino-6-(hydroxymethyl)-7,8-dihydropteridin-4-ol is slightly soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 2-amino-6-(hydroxymethyl)-7,8-dihydropteridin-4-ol can be found in a number of food items such as cardoon, sunburst squash (pattypan squash), climbing bean, and fenugreek, which makes 2-amino-6-(hydroxymethyl)-7,8-dihydropteridin-4-ol a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. 2-amino-6-(hydroxymethyl)-7,8-dihydropteridin-4-ol exists in E.coli (prokaryote) and yeast (eukaryote).
Dyspropterin
Dyspropterin, an intermediate formed from dihydroneopterin triphosphate in the biosynthetic pathway of tetrahydrobiopterin. [HMDB] Dyspropterin, an intermediate formed from dihydroneopterin triphosphate in the biosynthetic pathway of tetrahydrobiopterin.
6-Lactoyltetrahydropterin
6-Lactoyltetrahydropterin is a putative intermediate in the de novo synthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) pathway, in a reaction involving the enzyme sepiapterin reductase (E.C. 1.1.1.153) in human liver. In brain, an enzyme distinct from sepiapterin reductase catalyzes the TPNH-dependent reduction of 6-pyruvoyl-tetrahydropterin to 6-lactoyl-tetrahydropterin. (PMID: 4004850). In brain, the expression of other enzymes involved in BH4 biosynthesis includes aldose reductase, carbonyl reductase, GTP-cyclohydrolase I, and 6-pyruvoyltetrahydrobiopterin. Sepiapterin reductase expression is increased in Parkinsons disease brain tissue. (PMID: 17270157). 6-Lactoyltetrahydropterin is a putative intermediate in the de novo synthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) pathway, in a reaction involving the enzyme sepiapterin reductase (E.C. 1.1.1.153) in human liver. In brain, an enzyme distinct from sepiapterin reductase catalyzes the TPNH-dependent reduction of 6-pyruvoyl-tetrahydropterin to 6-lactoyl-tetrahydropterin. (PMID: 4004850)
Pteroic acid
C14H12N6O3 (312.09708420000004)
1-hydroxy-2-Oxopropyl tetrahydropterin
1-hydroxy-2-Oxopropyl tetrahydropterin, an intermediate formed from 6-Pyrovoyl-Tetrahydropterin in the biosynthetic pathway of tetrahydrobiopterin [PMID: 19234759]. [HMDB] 1-hydroxy-2-Oxopropyl tetrahydropterin, an intermediate formed from 6-Pyrovoyl-Tetrahydropterin in the biosynthetic pathway of tetrahydrobiopterin [PMID: 19234759].
2-Amino-4-oxo-6-(1',2'-dioxoprolyl)-7,8-dihydroxypteridine
This compound It is a byproduct of 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase (EC 4.2.3.12), and associated with 6-Pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase deficiency (an autosomal recessive disorder that causes malignant hyperphenylalaninemia due to tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency). (Wikipedia). This compound It is a byproduct of 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase (EC 4.2.3.12), and associated with 6-Pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase deficiency (an autosomal recessive disorder that causes malignant hyperphenylalaninemia due to tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency). [HMDB]
2'-Deoxysepiapterin
2-Deoxysepiapterin is a metabolite of the catabolism of tetrahydrobiopterin, present in variable amounts in various human biofluids (blood, urine, feces) and tissues (kidney, liver, adrenal, brain, and blood). (PMID 6638488, 7356152, 7374483) 2-Deoxysepiapterin can also be degraded or catabolized by microorganisms located within the cecal contents (PMID 7469409) [HMDB] 2-Deoxysepiapterin is a metabolite of the catabolism of tetrahydrobiopterin, present in variable amounts in various human biofluids (blood, urine, feces) and tissues (kidney, liver, adrenal, brain, and blood). (PMID 6638488, 7356152, 7374483) 2-Deoxysepiapterin can also be degraded or catabolized by microorganisms located within the cecal contents (PMID 7469409).
Primapterin
Primapterin and anapterin are present in very low concentrations in every human urine, as well as in the liver of man. - PMID: 3382399 [HMDB] Primapterin and anapterin are present in very low concentrations in every human urine, as well as in the liver of man. - PMID: 3382399.
Urothion
Urothion is a normal molybdenum cofactor metabolite, a yellowish sulfur-containing pteridine derivative isolated from human urine. It is optically active with one chiral center (PMID: 8690716). Urothion is deficient in patients with molybdenum cofactor deficiency (PMID: 6960353) [HMDB] Urothion is a normal molybdenum cofactor metabolite, a yellowish sulfur-containing pteridine derivative isolated from human urine. It is optically active with one chiral center (PMID: 8690716). Urothion is deficient in patients with molybdenum cofactor deficiency (PMID: 6960353).
Hydroxysepiapterin
C9H11N5O4 (253.08110059999998)
3-hydroxysepiapterin is found in high concentration in the urine of patients with DHBS(dihydrobiopterin synthetase ) deficiency.(PMID: 7005193) [HMDB] 3-hydroxysepiapterin is found in high concentration in the urine of patients with DHBS(dihydrobiopterin synthetase) deficiency.(PMID: 7005193).
6-Methyltetrahydropterin
Cofactor of phenylalanine and tyrosine hydroxylase (S-form) (Combined Chemical Dictionary) [HMDB] Cofactor of phenylalanine and tyrosine hydroxylase (S-form) (Combined Chemical Dictionary).
Molybdopterin precursor Z
Molybdopterin precursor Z is a molybdopterin precursor. All molybdenum-containing oxotransferases use molybdenum in the form of a pterin-containing cofactor. In some of these enzymes, this cofactor consists of molybdenum ligated to a phosphorylated pterin, called molybdopterin (MPT). MPT is a tricyclic pyranopterin containing a cis-dithiolene group. Together, the metal and the pterin moiety form the redox reactive molybdenum cofactor (MoCo). Conversion of precursor Z to molybdopterin requires the opening of a cyclic phosphate to produce a terminal mono-ester and the transfer of sulfur to generate the dithiolene function essential for molybdenum ligation. Molybdopterin (MPT)-synthase is the enzyme necessary for the conversion of precursor Z into molybdopterin. The large and small subunits of molybdopterin synthase are both encoded from a single gene by overlapping open reading frames. Mutations in patients with deficiencies in MoCo biosynthesis usually occur in the enzymes catalyzing the first and second steps of biosynthesis, leading to the formation of precursor Z and MPT, respectively. The second step is catalyzed by the heterotetrameric MPT synthase protein consisting of two large (MoaE) and two small (MoaD) subunits with the MoaD subunits located at opposite ends of a central MoaE dimer. Previous studies have determined that the conversion of the sulfur- and metal-free precursor Z to MPT by MPT synthase involves the transfer of sulfur atoms from a C-terminal MoaD thiocarboxylate to the C-1 and C-2 positions of precursor Z. [HMDB] Molybdopterin precursor Z is a molybdopterin precursor. All molybdenum-containing oxotransferases use molybdenum in the form of a pterin-containing cofactor. In some of these enzymes, this cofactor consists of molybdenum ligated to a phosphorylated pterin, called molybdopterin (MPT). MPT is a tricyclic pyranopterin containing a cis-dithiolene group. Together, the metal and the pterin moiety form the redox reactive molybdenum cofactor (MoCo). Conversion of precursor Z to molybdopterin requires the opening of a cyclic phosphate to produce a terminal mono-ester and the transfer of sulfur to generate the dithiolene function essential for molybdenum ligation. Molybdopterin (MPT)-synthase is the enzyme necessary for the conversion of precursor Z into molybdopterin. The large and small subunits of molybdopterin synthase are both encoded from a single gene by overlapping open reading frames. Mutations in patients with deficiencies in MoCo biosynthesis usually occur in the enzymes catalyzing the first and second steps of biosynthesis, leading to the formation of precursor Z and MPT, respectively. The second step is catalyzed by the heterotetrameric MPT synthase protein consisting of two large (MoaE) and two small (MoaD) subunits with the MoaD subunits located at opposite ends of a central MoaE dimer. Previous studies have determined that the conversion of the sulfur- and metal-free precursor Z to MPT by MPT synthase involves the transfer of sulfur atoms from a C-terminal MoaD thiocarboxylate to the C-1 and C-2 positions of precursor Z.
O2'-4a-cyclic-tetrahydrobiopterin
O2-4a-cyclic-tetrahydrobiopterin is a novel pterin intermediate, in addition to the expected 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin (4a-OH-BH4) and quinonoid dihydrobiopterin generated during catalytic turnover of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) with tetrahydrobiopterin as the cofactor. Its conversion into quinonoid dihydrobiopterin is catalysed by pterin-4a-carbinolamine dehydratase.
6-Hydroxymethylpterin
6-hydroxymethylpterin, also known as 2-amino-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4(1h)-pteridinone, belongs to pterins and derivatives class of compounds. Those are polycyclic aromatic compounds containing a pterin moiety, which consist of a pteridine ring bearing a ketone and an amine group to form 2-aminopteridin-4(3H)-one. 6-hydroxymethylpterin is slightly soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 6-hydroxymethylpterin can be found in soy bean, which makes 6-hydroxymethylpterin a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.
2-Amino-4-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridine
4(1H)-Pteridinone, 2-amino-7-(1,2-dihydroxypropyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-
C9H15N5O3 (241.11748400000002)
2-Amino-6-methyl-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-pteridin-4-one
2-Amino-7-[(2R)-2,3-dihydroxypropanoyl]-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-3H-pteridin-4-one
2-Amino-6-(2-hydroxypropanoyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-pteridin-4-one
(6S)-Tetrahydro-L-biopterin
C9H15N5O3 (241.11748400000002)
6-hydroxymethyl-dihydropterin diphosphate
6-hydroxymethyl-dihydropterin pyrophosphate is slightly soluble (in water) and an extremely strong acidic compound (based on its pKa). 6-hydroxymethyl-dihydropterin pyrophosphate can be found in a number of food items such as black huckleberry, chickpea, chinese chives, and annual wild rice, which makes 6-hydroxymethyl-dihydropterin pyrophosphate a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. 6-hydroxymethyl-dihydropterin pyrophosphate exists in E.coli (prokaryote) and yeast (eukaryote).