Classification Term: 170577
Polyamines (ontology term: 9e45570a433b8e913324b28fbb5908f2)
found 500 associated metabolites at sub_class
metabolite taxonomy ontology rank level.
Ancestor: Ornithine alkaloids
Child Taxonomies: There is no child term of current ontology term.
Spermine
Spermine, also known as gerontine or musculamine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as dialkylamines. These are organic compounds containing a dialkylamine group, characterized by two alkyl groups bonded to the amino nitrogen. The resultin N-carbamoylputrescine is acted on by a hydrolase to split off urea group, leaving putrescine. The precursor for synthesis of spermine is the amino acid ornithine. The intermediate is spermidine. Spermine is a drug. Spermine exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. 5-methylthioadenosine and spermine can be biosynthesized from S-adenosylmethioninamine and spermidine through its interaction with the enzyme spermine synthase. Another pathway in plants starts with decarboxylation of L-arginine to produce agmatine. In humans, spermine is involved in spermidine and spermine biosynthesis. Outside of the human body, spermine is found, on average, in the highest concentration in oats. Spermine has also been detected, but not quantified in several different foods, such as sapodilla, mexican groundcherries, cloves, sourdocks, and sunflowers. This could make spermine a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. This decarboxylation gives putrescine. The name spermin was first used by the German chemists Ladenburg and Abel in 1888, and the correct structure of spermine was not finally established until 1926, simultaneously in England (by Dudley, Rosenheim, and Starling) and Germany (by Wrede et al.). In one pathway L-glutamine is the precursor to L-ornithine, after which the synthesis of spermine from L-ornithine follows the same pathway as in animals. Spermine is a potentially toxic compound. [Spectral] Spermine (exact mass = 202.21575) and Spermidine (exact mass = 145.1579) were not completely separated on HPLC under the present analytical conditions as described in AC$XXX. Additionally some of the peaks in this data contains dimers and other unidentified ions. Occurs as phosphate in ox pancreas, yeast and meat products IPB_RECORD: 270; CONFIDENCE confident structure KEIO_ID S011; [MS2] KO009230 KEIO_ID S011 Spermine (NSC 268508) functions directly as a free radical scabenger to protect DNA from free radical attack. Spermine has antiviral effects. Spermine (NSC 268508) functions directly as a free radical scabenger to protect DNA from free radical attack. Spermine has antiviral effects.
Spermidine
Spermidine, also known as SPD, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as dialkylamines. These are organic compounds containing a dialkylamine group, characterized by two alkyl groups bonded to the amino nitrogen. Abnormal bleeding, such as bleeding spontaneously or profusely from a very minor injury can also occur. Spermidine exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. Within humans, spermidine participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, 5-methylthioadenosine and spermidine can be biosynthesized from S-adenosylmethioninamine and putrescine by the enzyme spermidine synthase. In addition, S-adenosylmethioninamine and spermidine can be converted into 5-methylthioadenosine and spermine through the action of the enzyme spermine synthase. In humans, spermidine is involved in spermidine and spermine biosynthesis. Outside of the human body, spermidine is found, on average, in the highest concentration within cow milk and oats. Spermidine has also been detected, but not quantified in several different foods, such as common chokecherries, watercress, agars, strawberry guava, and bog bilberries. This could make spermidine a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Spermidine is consideres as an uremic toxine. Increased levels of uremic toxins can stimulate the production of reactive oxygen species. Chronic exposure to uremic toxins can lead to a number of conditions including renal damage, chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease. As a uremic toxin, this compound can cause uremic syndrome. Uremic toxins such as spermidine are actively transported into the kidneys via organic ion transporters (especially OAT3). Constituent of meat products. Isol from the edible shaggy ink cap mushroom (Coprinus comatus) and from commercial/household prepared sauerkraut COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials IPB_RECORD: 269; CONFIDENCE confident structure CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 220 KEIO_ID S003 Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Spermidine maintains cell membrane stability, increases antioxidant enzymes activities, improving photosystem II (PSII), and relevant gene expression. Spermidine significantly decreases the H2O2 and O2.- contents[1]. Spermidine maintains cell membrane stability, increases antioxidant enzymes activities, improving photosystem II (PSII), and relevant gene expression. Spermidine significantly decreases the H2O2 and O2.- contents[1].
Norspermidine
Norspermidine, also known as caldine or dipropylentriamin, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as dialkylamines. These are organic compounds containing a dialkylamine group, characterized by two alkyl groups bonded to the amino nitrogen. Norspermidine exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. Norspermidine has been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as narrowleaf cattails, agaves, hickory nuts, sour cherries, and european chestnuts. Norspermidine is a polyamine of similar structure to the more common spermidine. While norspermidine has been found to occur naturally in some species of plants, bacteria, and algae, it is not known to be a natural product in humans as spermidine is. [HMDB]. Norspermidine is found in many foods, some of which are lentils, sweet bay, sea-buckthornberry, and lemon thyme. KEIO_ID B040
Hexylamine
Hexylamine is used as a food additive [EAFUS] ("EAFUS: Everything Added to Food in the United States. [http://www.eafus.com/]") Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. It is used as a food additive .
N-Methylputrescine
N-Methylputrescine is a byproduct of putrescine (a diamine), via methylation by putrescine N-methyltransferase (PMT; EC 2.1.1.53). N-methylputrescine is able to affect protein synthesis to a small extent in stimulated H-35 hepatoma cells, being an inhibitor of cellular insulin-induced ornithine decarboxylase activity. (PMID: 2051998). Putrescine is related to cadaverine (another polyamine). Both are produced by the breakdown of amino acids in living and dead organisms and both are toxic in large doses. Putrescine and cadaverine are largely responsible for the foul odor of putrefying flesh, but also contribute to the odor of such processes as bad breath and bacterial vaginosis. Putrescine is also found in semen. Putrescine attacks s-adenosyl methionine and converts it to spermidine. Spermidine in turn attacks another s-adenosyl methionine and converts it to spermine. Putrescine is synthesized in small quantities by healthy living cells by the action of ornithine decarboxylase. N-Methylputrescine is a microbial metabolite. N-Methylputrescine is a byproduct of putrescine (a diamine), via methylation by putrescine N-methyltransferase (PMT; EC 2.1.1.53). N-methylputrescine is able to affect protein synthesis to a small extent in stimulated H-35 hepatoma cells, being an inhibitor of cellular insulin-induced ornithine decarboxylase activity. (PMID: 2051998). Putrescine is related to cadaverine (another polyamine). Both are produced by the breakdown of amino acids in living and dead organisms and both are toxic in large doses. Putrescine and cadaverine are largely responsible for the foul odor of putrefying flesh, but also contribute to the odor of such processes as bad breath and bacterial vaginosis. Putrescine is also found in semen. Putrescine attacks s-adenosyl methionine and converts it to spermidine. Spermidine in turn attacks another s-adenosyl methionine and converts it to spermine. Putrescine is synthesized in small quantities by healthy living cells by the action of ornithine decarboxylase. [HMDB]
5-Aminopentanal
The aminoaldehydes 5-aminopentanal, derived from the oxidation of the diamines putrescine and cadaverine,is produced utilizing a copper amine oxidase (CAO) from Euphorbia characias latex and tested with in vitro cultivation of Leishmania infantum promastigotes.Whereas the aminoaldehydes derived from the oxidation of the diamines were stimulating factors for growth of Leishmania infantum promastigotes, the aldehydes derived from polyamines oxidation had a drastic inhibitory effect on the vitality and growth of these parasites. Thus, a double scenario arises, showing the use of aldehydes from diamines to obtain a large number of organisms of Leishmania infantum promastigotes to use in serological studies, whereas the aldehydes derived from polyamines could be used as a new strategy for therapeutic treatment against these parasites. [HMDB]. 5-Aminopentanal is found in many foods, some of which are watermelon, sorrel, medlar, and cornmint. The aminoaldehydes 5-aminopentanal, derived from the oxidation of the diamines putrescine and cadaverine,is produced utilizing a copper amine oxidase (CAO) from Euphorbia characias latex and tested with in vitro cultivation of Leishmania infantum promastigotes.Whereas the aminoaldehydes derived from the oxidation of the diamines were stimulating factors for growth of Leishmania infantum promastigotes, the aldehydes derived from polyamines oxidation had a drastic inhibitory effect on the vitality and growth of these parasites. Thus, a double scenario arises, showing the use of aldehydes from diamines to obtain a large number of organisms of Leishmania infantum promastigotes to use in serological studies, whereas the aldehydes derived from polyamines could be used as a new strategy for therapeutic treatment against these parasites.
Aminopropylcadaverine
Aminopropylcadaverine,a polyamine, is the final product of aminopropylcadaverine biosynthesis pathway. Polyamines are important for cell growth and are believed to be involved in many processes including DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis, as well as membrane integrity and resistance to stress, to name a few. Cadaverine and aminopropylcadaverine are alternative polyamines that can at least partially substitute for purtrescine and spermidine, the primary polyamines found in E. coli. Lysine is decarboxylated to form cadaverine which is then converted to aminopropylcadaverine by the aminopropyltransferase, SpeE. [HMDB] Aminopropylcadaverine,a polyamine, is the final product of aminopropylcadaverine biosynthesis pathway. Polyamines are important for cell growth and are believed to be involved in many processes including DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis, as well as membrane integrity and resistance to stress, to name a few. Cadaverine and aminopropylcadaverine are alternative polyamines that can at least partially substitute for purtrescine and spermidine, the primary polyamines found in E. coli. Lysine is decarboxylated to form cadaverine which is then converted to aminopropylcadaverine by the aminopropyltransferase, SpeE.
Caldopentamine
A polyazaalkane that is the 1,5,9,13,17-pentaaza derivative of heptodecane.
1,18-Diamino-5,9,14-triazaoctadecane
1,18-Diamino-5,9,14-triazaoctadecane is found in pulses. 1,18-Diamino-5,9,14-triazaoctadecane is isolated from Canavalia gladiata (sword bean). Isolated from Canavalia gladiata (sword bean). 1,18-Diamino-5,9,14-triazaoctadecane is found in pulses.
Canavalmine
Canavalmine is found in pulses. Canavalmine is isolated from the seeds of Canavalia gladiata (sword bean Isolated from the seeds of Canavalia gladiata (sword bean). Canavalmine is found in pulses.
1,17-Diamino-4,9,13-triazaheptadecane
1,17-Diamino-4,9,13-triazaheptadecane is found in pulses. 1,17-Diamino-4,9,13-triazaheptadecane is isolated from Canavalia gladiata (sword bean). Isolated from Canavalia gladiata (sword bean). 1,17-Diamino-4,9,13-triazaheptadecane is found in pulses.
Amylamine
Amylamine, also known as 1-pentylamine or 1-aminopentane, is a member of the class of compounds known as monoalkylamines. Monoalkylamines are organic compounds containing an primary aliphatic amine group. Amylamine is soluble (in water) and a very strong basic compound (based on its pKa). Amylamine is an ammoniacal and fishy tasting compound and can be found in a number of food items such as yellow bell pepper, apple, pepper (c. annuum), and cabbage, which makes amylamine a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Amylamine is a chemical compound with the formula CH3(CH2)4NH2. It is used as a solvent, as a raw material in the manufacture of a variety of other compounds, including dyes, emulsifiers, and pharmaceutical products, and as a flavoring agent .
Palustrine
Trodusquemine
norspermine
Norspermine, also known as 1,5,9,13-tetraazatridecane or 3,3,3-tet, is a member of the class of compounds known as dialkylamines. Dialkylamines are organic compounds containing a dialkylamine group, characterized by two alkyl groups bonded to the amino nitrogen. Norspermine is slightly soluble (in water) and a very strong basic compound (based on its pKa). Norspermine can be found in a number of food items such as sunflower, oat, saskatoon berry, and garden tomato (variety), which makes norspermine a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.
AEROTHIONIN
A natural product found in Suberea mollis.
Spermine
A polyazaalkane that is tetradecane in which the carbons at positions 1, 5, 10 and 14 are replaced by nitrogens. Spermine has broad actions on cellular metabolism. Spermine (NSC 268508) functions directly as a free radical scabenger to protect DNA from free radical attack. Spermine has antiviral effects. Spermine (NSC 268508) functions directly as a free radical scabenger to protect DNA from free radical attack. Spermine has antiviral effects.
Spermidine
COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials A triamine that is the 1,5,10-triaza derivative of decane. Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Spermidine, also known as N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-butane-diamine or 1,5,10-triazadecane, is a member of the class of compounds known as dialkylamines. Dialkylamines are organic compounds containing a dialkylamine group, characterized by two alkyl groups bonded to the amino nitrogen. Spermidine is soluble (in water) and a very strong basic compound (based on its pKa). Spermidine can be found in radish, which makes spermidine a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Spermidine can be found primarily in most biofluids, including urine, blood, saliva, and feces, as well as throughout most human tissues. Spermidine exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, spermidine is involved in a couple of metabolic pathways, which include methionine metabolism and spermidine and spermine biosynthesis. Spermidine is also involved in several metabolic disorders, some of which include homocystinuria-megaloblastic anemia due to defect in cobalamin metabolism, cblg complementation type, methionine adenosyltransferase deficiency, s-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) hydrolase deficiency, and hypermethioninemia. Spermidine is a non-carcinogenic (not listed by IARC) potentially toxic compound. Spermidine is a polyamine compound (C 7H 19N 3) found in ribosomes and living tissues, and having various metabolic functions within organisms. It was originally isolated from semen . As a uremic toxin, this compound can cause uremic syndrome. Uremic syndrome may affect any part of the body and can cause nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, and weight loss. It can also cause changes in mental status, such as confusion, reduced awareness, agitation, psychosis, seizures, and coma. Abnormal bleeding, such as bleeding spontaneously or profusely from a very minor injury can also occur. Heart problems, such as an irregular heartbeat, inflammation in the sac that surrounds the heart (pericarditis), and increased pressure on the heart can be seen in patients with uremic syndrome. Shortness of breath from fluid buildup in the space between the lungs and the chest wall (pleural effusion) can also be present (T3DB). Spermidine maintains cell membrane stability, increases antioxidant enzymes activities, improving photosystem II (PSII), and relevant gene expression. Spermidine significantly decreases the H2O2 and O2.- contents[1]. Spermidine maintains cell membrane stability, increases antioxidant enzymes activities, improving photosystem II (PSII), and relevant gene expression. Spermidine significantly decreases the H2O2 and O2.- contents[1].
N-(3-aminopropyl)-N-hydroxyacetamide
A member of the class of acetohydroxamic acids that is trimethylenediamine bearing N-hydroxy and N-acetyl substituents.
N-Methylputrescine
An N-monosubstituted putrescine where the N-substituent is methyl.
5-Aminopentanal
An omega-aminoaldehyde that is pentanal which is substituted at position 5 by an amino group. It is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of L-lysine derived alkaloids.
Aminopropylcadaverine
A polyazaalkane that is the 1,4,11-triaza derivative of undecane.