Galacturonic acid (BioDeep_00000014471)

Main id: BioDeep_00000015279

Secondary id: BioDeep_00000003270, BioDeep_00000027873

human metabolite PANOMIX_OTCML-2023 Endogenous blood metabolite


代谢物信息卡片


(2S,3R,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5-Tetrahydroxy-6-oxohexanoic acid

化学式: C6H10O7 (194.042651)
中文名称: D(+)-葡萄糖醛酸C, 半乳糖醛酸
谱图信息: 最多检出来源 Homo sapiens(urine) 1.06%

分子结构信息

SMILES: C(=O)C(C(C(C(C(=O)O)O)O)O)O
InChI: InChI=1S/C6H10O7/c7-1-2(8)3(9)4(10)5(11)6(12)13/h1-5,8-11H,(H,12,13)/t2-,3+,4+,5-/m0/s1

描述信息

Galacturonic acid, also known as D-galacturonate or (2s,3r,4s,5r)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxy-6-oxohexanoate, belongs to glucuronic acid derivatives class of compounds. Those are compounds containing a glucuronic acid moiety (or a derivative), which consists of a glucose moiety with the C6 carbon oxidized to a carboxylic acid. Galacturonic acid is soluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Galacturonic acid can be found in a number of food items such as sunflower, white mustard, okra, and date, which makes galacturonic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Galacturonic acid can be found primarily in feces. Galacturonic acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. D-Galacturonic acid is a sugar acid, an oxidized form of D-galactose. It is the main component of pectin, in which it exists as the polymer polygalacturonic acid. In its open form, it has an aldehyde group at C1 and a carboxylic acid group at C6. Other oxidized forms of D-galactose are D-galactonic acid (carboxylic group at C1) and meso-galactaric acid (mucic acid) (carboxylic groups at C1 and C6). It is also a uronic acid or hexuronic acid. Naturally occurring uronic acids are D-glucuronic acid, D-galacturonic acid, L-iduronic acid and D-mannuronic acid .
Galactopyranuronic acid is the pyranose form of D-galacturonic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a D-galactopyranuronate. Galacturonic acid is a sugar acid, an oxidized form of d-galactose. It is the main component of pectin, in which it exists as the polymer polygalacturonic acid. In its open form, it has an aldehyde group at C1 and a carboxylic acid group at C6. Other oxidized forms of d-galactose are d-galactonic acid (carboxylic group at C1) and meso-galactaric acid (mucic acid) (carboxylic groups at C1 and C6). It is also a uronic acid or hexuronic acid. Naturally occurring uronic acids are d-glucuronic acid, d-galacturonic acid, l-iduronic acid and d-mannuronic acid. Galacturonic acid, also known as D-galacturonate or sodium pectate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as glucuronic acid derivatives. Glucuronic acid derivatives are compounds containing a glucuronic acid moiety (or a derivative), which consists of a glucose moiety with the C6 carbon oxidized to a carboxylic acid. Galacturonic acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. Galacturonic acid has been found in flaxseeds. Galacturonic acid has also been detected, but not quantified in several different foods, such as common grapes, cocoa beans, roselles, cow milk, and figs.
COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials
Corona-virus
Coronavirus
SARS-CoV-2
COVID-19
SARS-CoV
COVID19
SARS2
SARS

同义名列表

35 个代谢物同义名

(2S,3R,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5-Tetrahydroxy-6-oxohexanoic acid; Galacturonic acid, calcium, sodium salt, (D)-isomer; (2S,3R,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5-Tetrahydroxy-6-oxohexanoate; Galacturonic acid, monosodium salt, (D)-isomer; Polygalacturonic acid, homopolymer sodium salt; Polygalacturonic acid, homopolymer (D)-isomer; Polygalacturonic acid, aluminum salt; Polygalacturonic acid, calcium salt; Galacturonic acid, (alpha-D)-isomer; Polygalacturonic acid homopolymer; Polygalacturonic acid, sulfated; beta-D-Galactopyranuronic acid; Galacturonic acid, (D)-isomer; Aldehydo-D-galacturonic acid; D-Galactopyranuronic acid; Calcium polygalacturonate; Anhydrogalacturonic acid; sodium polygalacturonate; Aldehydo-D-galacturonate; (DL)-Galacturonic acid; Polygalacturonic acid; (D)-Galacturonic acid; DL-Galacturonic acid; D-Galacturonic acid; D-Galactronic acid; GALACTURONIC ACID; 6-METHYLDIOSGENIN; Homogalacturonan; Calcium pectate; D-Galacturonate; Sodium pectate; Galacturonate; Galacturonan; Pectic acid; Pectate



数据库引用编号

20 个数据库交叉引用编号

分类词条

相关代谢途径

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

PlantCyc(0)

代谢反应

0 个相关的代谢反应过程信息。

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

WikiPathways(0)

Plant Reactome(0)

INOH(0)

PlantCyc(0)

COVID-19 Disease Map(0)

PathBank(0)

PharmGKB(0)

39 个相关的物种来源信息

在这里通过桑基图来展示出与当前的这个代谢物在我们的BioDeep知识库中具有相关联信息的其他代谢物。在这里进行关联的信息来源主要有：

  • PubMed: 来源于PubMed文献库中的文献信息，我们通过自然语言数据挖掘得到的在同一篇文献中被同时提及的相关代谢物列表，这个列表按照代谢物同时出现的文献数量降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为相关研究中关联性很高的代谢物集合展示在桑基图中。
  • NCBI Taxonomy: 通过文献数据挖掘，得到的代谢物物种来源信息关联。这个关联信息同样按照出现的次数降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为高关联度的代谢物集合展示在桑吉图上。
  • Chemical Taxonomy: 在物质分类上处于同一个分类集合中的其他代谢物
  • Chemical Reaction: 在化学反应过程中，存在为当前代谢物相关联的生化反应过程中的反应底物或者反应产物的关联代谢物信息。

点击图上的相关代谢物的名称，可以跳转到相关代谢物的信息页面。



文献列表

  • Camille Carton, Josip Safran, Adrien Lemaire, Jean-Marc Domon, Ward Poelmans, Tom Beeckman, Francisco Ramos-Martín, Viviane Antonietti, Pascal Sonnet, Anissa Lounès-Hadj Sahraoui, Valérie Lefebvre, Jérôme Pelloux, Corinne Pau-Roblot. Structural and biochemical characterization of SmoPG1, an exo-polygalacturonase from Selaginella moellendorffii. International journal of biological macromolecules. 2024 Jun; 269(Pt 2):131918. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131918. [PMID: 38697418]
  • Junjie Wang, Enhui Liao, Zixuan Ren, Qiong Wang, Zenglai Xu, Shufang Wu, Chaoguang Yu, Yunlong Yin. Extraction and In Vitro Skincare Effect Assessment of Polysaccharides Extract from the Roots of Abelmoschus manihot (L.). Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2024 May; 29(9):. doi: 10.3390/molecules29092109. [PMID: 38731598]
  • Hongyu Li, Zheng Li, Pengwang Wang, Zheng Liu, Lingzhuo An, Xuemin Zhang, Zhouyi Xie, Yingping Wang, Xia Li, Wenyuan Gao. Evaluation of citrus pectin extraction methods: Synergistic enhancement of pectin's antioxidant capacity and gel properties through combined use of organic acids, ultrasonication, and microwaves. International journal of biological macromolecules. 2024 May; 266(Pt 1):131164. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131164. [PMID: 38547940]
  • Yangyang Yu, Ping Lu, Yongfeng Yang, Huifu Ji, Hang Zhou, Siyuan Chen, Yao Qiu, Hongli Chen. Differences in physicochemical properties of pectin extracted from pomelo peel with different extraction techniques. Scientific reports. 2024 04; 14(1):9182. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-59760-7. [PMID: 38649422]
  • Qian Yang, Xuelian Shen, Junxi Zhao, Aga Er-Bu, Xiaoxia Liang, Changliang He, Lizi Yin, Funeng Xu, Haohuan Li, Huaqiao Tang, Yuping Fu, Cheng Lv. Onosma glomeratum Y. L. Liu polysaccharide alleviates LPS-induced pulmonary inflammation via NF-κB signal pathway. International journal of biological macromolecules. 2024 Apr; 263(Pt 2):130452. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130452. [PMID: 38417755]
  • Marietheres Kleuter, Yafei Yu, Francesco Pancaldi, Mayra Nagtzaam, Atze Jan van der Goot, Luisa M Trindade. Cell wall as a barrier for protein extraction from tomato leaves: A biochemical study. Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB. 2024 Mar; 208(?):108495. doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108495. [PMID: 38452451]
  • Jawad Ahmed, Yasar Sajjad, Aasia Latif, Mohammad Saeed Lodhi, Muhammad Huzafa, Chen Situ, Raza Ahmad, Muhammad Maroof Shah, Amjad Hassan. Genome-wide identification and characterization of wall-associated kinases, molecular docking and polysaccharide elicitation of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids in micro-propagated Catharanthus roseus. Journal of plant research. 2024 Jan; 137(1):125-142. doi: 10.1007/s10265-023-01504-1. [PMID: 37962734]
  • Rachel A Kaminsky, Peter M Reid, Eric Altermann, Nikki Kenters, William J Kelly, Samantha J Noel, Graeme T Attwood, Peter H Janssen. Rumen Lachnospiraceae isolate NK3A20 exhibits metabolic flexibility in response to substrate and coculture with a methanogen. Applied and environmental microbiology. 2023 Oct; ?(?):e0063423. doi: 10.1128/aem.00634-23. [PMID: 37800930]
  • Meng Ye, Qi Feng, Ying Jiang, Feng Wang, Xuexia Shi, Xiaobing Yang, Xiangdong Gao, Wei Liu. Structure Characterization and Anti-Rheumatoid Arthritis Activity of a Polysaccharide from Notopterygium incisum. Molecular nutrition & food research. 2023 08; 67(15):e2200713. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.202200713. [PMID: 37143438]
  • Qiuxia Meng, Yu Niu, Rongrong Wang, Wei Niu, Lizhen Zhang. Structural Characterization and Immunobiological Activity of Polysaccharides from Astragalus Oyster Mushroom. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2023 Jul; 28(13):. doi: 10.3390/molecules28135280. [PMID: 37446941]
  • Qiang Wu, Aga Er-Bu, Xiaoxia Liang, Changliang He, Lizi Yin, Funeng Xu, Yuanfeng Zou, Zhongqiong Yin, Guizhou Yue, Lixia Li, Xu Song, Huaqiao Tang, Wei Zhang, Cheng Lv, Bo Jing, Geng Sang, Car Rangnanjia. Isolation, structure identification, and immunostimulatory effects in vitro and in vivo of polysaccharides from Onosma hookeri Clarke var. longiforum Duthie. Journal of the science of food and agriculture. 2023 Jan; 103(1):328-338. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.12145. [PMID: 35871477]
  • Qiang Zhang, Lianxiang Lu, Yanfei Zheng, Chengrong Qin, Yuexin Chen, Zhongjie Zhou. Isolation, Purification, and Antioxidant Activities of Polysaccharides from Choerospondias axillaris Leaves. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2022 Dec; 27(24):. doi: 10.3390/molecules27248881. [PMID: 36558014]
  • Wen Tao, Xiaoyu An, Ziqi Guo, Ning Yang, Muci Wu, Hélder Oliveira, Rui Zhang, Jingren He. Structural characterization, acute toxicity assessment and protective effects of selenylated apple pectin on dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis. Food & function. 2022 Jul; 13(13):7320-7332. doi: 10.1039/d1fo04189d. [PMID: 35726791]
  • William J Nicolas, Florian Fäßler, Przemysław Dutka, Florian K M Schur, Grant Jensen, Elliot Meyerowitz. Cryo-electron tomography of the onion cell wall shows bimodally oriented cellulose fibers and reticulated homogalacturonan networks. Current biology : CB. 2022 Jun; 32(11):2375-2389.e6. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.04.024. [PMID: 35508170]
  • Li Zhu, Ankita Mukherjee, Clare Kyomugasho, Dongyan Chen, Marc Hendrickx. Calcium transport and phytate hydrolysis during chemical hardening of common bean seeds. Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.). 2022 Jun; 156(?):111315. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111315. [PMID: 35651071]
  • Quanyong Wu, Linlin Fan, Huizi Tan, Yanli Zhang, Qingying Fang, Jingrui Yang, Steve W Cui, Shaoping Nie. Impact of pectin with various esterification degrees on the profiles of gut microbiota and serum metabolites. Applied microbiology and biotechnology. 2022 May; 106(9-10):3707-3720. doi: 10.1007/s00253-022-11926-x. [PMID: 35474485]
  • Juan Du, Charles T Anderson, Chaowen Xiao. Dynamics of pectic homogalacturonan in cellular morphogenesis and adhesion, wall integrity sensing and plant development. Nature plants. 2022 04; 8(4):332-340. doi: 10.1038/s41477-022-01120-2. [PMID: 35411046]
  • Dragos Ciocan, Madeleine Spatz, Nicolas Trainel, Kévin Hardonnière, Séverine Domenichini, Françoise Mercier-Nomé, Aurore Desmons, Lydie Humbert, Sylvère Durand, Guido Kroemer, Antonin Lamazière, Cindy Hugot, Gabriel Perlemuter, Anne-Marie Cassard. Modulation of the Bile Acid Enterohepatic Cycle by Intestinal Microbiota Alleviates Alcohol Liver Disease. Cells. 2022 03; 11(6):. doi: 10.3390/cells11060968. [PMID: 35326419]
  • Sergey Popov, Nikita Paderin, Daria Khramova, Elizaveta Kvashninova, Anatoliy Melekhin, Fedor Vityazev. Characterization and Biocompatibility Properties In Vitro of Gel Beads Based on the Pectin and κ-Carrageenan. Marine drugs. 2022 Jan; 20(2):. doi: 10.3390/md20020094. [PMID: 35200624]
  • Yu-Cheng Yeh, Lih-Shiuh Lai. Effect of Extraction Procedures with Ultrasound and Cellulolytic Enzymes on the Structural and Functional Properties of Citrus grandis Osbeck Seed Mucilage. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2022 Jan; 27(3):. doi: 10.3390/molecules27030612. [PMID: 35163877]
  • Chunfan Huang, Xiaoqi Jing, Qianhu Wu, Kan Ding. Novel pectin-like polysaccharide from Panax notoginseng attenuates renal tubular cells fibrogenesis induced by TGF-β. Carbohydrate polymers. 2022 Jan; 276(?):118772. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118772. [PMID: 34823789]
  • Can Song, Feihong Huang, Linyu Liu, Quan Zhou, Dan Zhang, Qi Fang, Hui Lei, Hong Niu. Characterization and prebiotic properties of pectin polysaccharide from Clausena lansium (Lour.) Skeels fruit. International journal of biological macromolecules. 2022 Jan; 194(?):412-421. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.083. [PMID: 34813784]
  • Andreea Perpelea, Andy Wiranata Wijaya, Luís C Martins, Dorthe Rippert, Mathias Klein, Angel Angelov, Kaisa Peltonen, Attila Teleki, Wolfgang Liebl, Peter Richard, Johan M Thevelein, Ralf Takors, Isabel Sá-Correia, Elke Nevoigt. Towards valorization of pectin-rich agro-industrial residues: Engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for co-fermentation of d-galacturonic acid and glycerol. Metabolic engineering. 2022 01; 69(?):1-14. doi: 10.1016/j.ymben.2021.10.001. [PMID: 34648971]
  • Yanguo Xu, Min Yang, Rong Yin, Luotao Wang, Lifen Luo, Bianxian Zi, Haijiao Liu, Huichuan Huang, Yixiang Liu, Xiahong He, Shusheng Zhu. Autotoxin Rg1 Induces Degradation of Root Cell Walls and Aggravates Root Rot by Modifying the Rhizospheric Microbiome. Microbiology spectrum. 2021 12; 9(3):e0167921. doi: 10.1128/spectrum.01679-21. [PMID: 34908454]
  • Xiamin Cao, Shengjie Ren, Chunfang Cai, Qin Ni, Xinyue Li, Yunhe Meng, Zijing Meng, Ye Shi, Huangen Chen, Rong Jiang, Ping Wu, Yuantu Ye. Dietary pectin caused great changes in bile acid profiles of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. Fish physiology and biochemistry. 2021 Dec; 47(6):2015-2025. doi: 10.1007/s10695-021-01028-2. [PMID: 34709495]
  • Tianpeng Zhang, Wenxiu Zhang, Daxing Li, Fengli Zhou, Xiao Chen, Chongyang Li, Sang Yu, Marian Brestic, Yang Liu, Xinghong Yang. Glycinebetaine: a versatile protectant to improve rice performance against aluminium stress by regulating aluminium uptake and translocation. Plant cell reports. 2021 Dec; 40(12):2397-2407. doi: 10.1007/s00299-021-02780-8. [PMID: 34524480]
  • Maria Dimopoulou, Katerina Alba, Ian M Sims, Vassilis Kontogiorgos. Structure and rheology of pectic polysaccharides from baobab fruit and leaves. Carbohydrate polymers. 2021 Dec; 273(?):118540. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118540. [PMID: 34560952]
  • José M Cruz-Rubio, Monika Mueller, Helmut Viernstein, Renate Loeppert, Werner Praznik. Prebiotic potential and chemical characterization of the poly and oligosaccharides present in the mucilage of Opuntia ficus-indica and Opuntia joconostle. Food chemistry. 2021 Nov; 362(?):130167. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130167. [PMID: 34087714]
  • Yu Zhang, Junxi Liu, Pengfei Dou, Zhijing Wu, Ziming Zheng, Xianglin Pan, Tao Zhou, Kaiping Wang. Oral absorption characteristics and mechanisms of a pectin-type polysaccharide from Smilax china L. across the intestinal epithelium. Carbohydrate polymers. 2021 Oct; 270(?):118383. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118383. [PMID: 34364625]
  • Yuanyuan Zhao, Jinfeng Bi, Jianyong Yi, Xinye Wu, Youchuan Ma, Ruiping Li. Pectin and homogalacturonan with small molecular mass modulate microbial community and generate high SCFAs via in vitro gut fermentation. Carbohydrate polymers. 2021 Oct; 269(?):118326. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118326. [PMID: 34294338]
  • Frank Blanco-Pérez, Hanna Steigerwald, Stefan Schülke, Stefan Vieths, Masako Toda, Stephan Scheurer. The Dietary Fiber Pectin: Health Benefits and Potential for the Treatment of Allergies by Modulation of Gut Microbiota. Current allergy and asthma reports. 2021 09; 21(10):43. doi: 10.1007/s11882-021-01020-z. [PMID: 34505973]
  • Aliaksandr Kraskouski, Kseniya Hileuskaya, Viktoryia Kulikouskaya, Volha Kabanava, Vladimir Agabekov, Sergei Pinchuk, Irina Vasilevich, Igor Volotovski, Tatyana Kuznetsova, Vasilina Lapitskaya. Polyvinyl alcohol and pectin blended films: Preparation, characterization, and mesenchymal stem cells attachment. Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A. 2021 08; 109(8):1379-1392. doi: 10.1002/jbm.a.37130. [PMID: 33252172]
  • Laura Wrzosek, Dragos Ciocan, Cindy Hugot, Madeleine Spatz, Margot Dupeux, Camille Houron, Vanessa Lievin-Le Moal, Virginie Puchois, Gladys Ferrere, Nicolas Trainel, Françoise Mercier-Nomé, Sylvere Durand, Guido Kroemer, Cosmin Sebastian Voican, Patrick Emond, Marjolène Straube, Harry Sokol, Gabriel Perlemuter, Anne-Marie Cassard. Microbiota tryptophan metabolism induces aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation and improves alcohol-induced liver injury. Gut. 2021 07; 70(7):1299-1308. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-321565. [PMID: 33004548]
  • Wei Tang, An-Qi Li, Jun-Yi Yin, Shao-Ping Nie. Structural characteristics of three pectins isolated from white kidney bean. International journal of biological macromolecules. 2021 Jul; 182(?):2151-2161. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.154. [PMID: 34051255]
  • Jiacai Wu, Chanyi Li, Lisha Bai, Jian Wu, Rui Bo, Mingzhu Ye, Li Huang, Hongyuan Chen, Wen Rui. Structural differences of polysaccharides from Astragalus before and after honey processing and their effects on colitis mice. International journal of biological macromolecules. 2021 Jul; 182(?):815-824. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.055. [PMID: 33857512]
  • Sean M Bulley, Janine M Cooney, William Laing. Elevating Ascorbate in Arabidopsis Stimulates the Production of Abscisic Acid, Phaseic Acid, and to a Lesser Extent Auxin (IAA) and Jasmonates, Resulting in Increased Expression of DHAR1 and Multiple Transcription Factors Associated with Abiotic Stress Tolerance. International journal of molecular sciences. 2021 Jun; 22(13):. doi: 10.3390/ijms22136743. [PMID: 34201662]
  • Ningxian Yang, Yang Li, Feifei Xing, Xiaohong Wang, Xue Li, Lin Li, Jiao Yang, Yanqiu Wang, Mingsheng Zhang. Composition and structural characterization of pectin in micropropagated and conventional plants of Premma puberula Pamp. Carbohydrate polymers. 2021 May; 260(?):117711. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117711. [PMID: 33712120]
  • Grete Raba, Signe Adamberg, Kaarel Adamberg. Acidic pH enhances butyrate production from pectin by faecal microbiota. FEMS microbiology letters. 2021 05; 368(7):. doi: 10.1093/femsle/fnab042. [PMID: 33864456]
  • Afrouzossadat Hosseini Abari, Hamed Amini Rourani, Seyed Mahdi Ghasemi, Hyun Kim, Yun-Gon Kim. Investigation of antioxidant and anticancer activities of unsaturated oligo-galacturonic acids produced by pectinase of Streptomyces hydrogenans YAM1. Scientific reports. 2021 04; 11(1):8491. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-87804-9. [PMID: 33875695]
  • Brendan D Curti, Yoshinobu Koguchi, Rom S Leidner, Annah S Rolig, Elizabeth R Sturgill, Zhaoyu Sun, Yaping Wu, Venkatesh Rajamanickam, Brady Bernard, Ian Hilgart-Martiszus, Christopher B Fountain, George Morris, Noriko Iwamoto, Takashi Shimada, ShuChing Chang, Peter G Traber, Eliezer Zomer, J Rex Horton, Harold Shlevin, William L Redmond. Enhancing clinical and immunological effects of anti-PD-1 with belapectin, a galectin-3 inhibitor. Journal for immunotherapy of cancer. 2021 04; 9(4):. doi: 10.1136/jitc-2021-002371. [PMID: 33837055]
  • Wei Zhu, Jian Yang, Die Hu, Zhaomei Wang. Removing Pb2+ with a pectin-rich fiber from sisal waste. Food & function. 2021 Mar; 12(6):2418-2427. doi: 10.1039/d0fo02829k. [PMID: 33502420]
  • Farinaz Golbargi, Seyed Mohammad Taghi Gharibzahedi, Alaleh Zoghi, Mehrdad Mohammadi, Reza Hashemifesharaki. Microwave-assisted extraction of arabinan-rich pectic polysaccharides from melon peels: Optimization, purification, bioactivity, and techno-functionality. Carbohydrate polymers. 2021 Mar; 256(?):117522. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117522. [PMID: 33483043]
  • Dong Yu-Hao, Chen Chun, Huang Qiang, Fu Xiong. Study on a novel spherical polysaccharide from Fructus Mori with good antioxidant activity. Carbohydrate polymers. 2021 Mar; 256(?):117516. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117516. [PMID: 33483037]
  • Bartosz Fotschki, Jerzy Juśkiewicz, Adam Jurgoński, Michał Sójka. Fructo-Oligosaccharides and Pectins Enhance Beneficial Effects of Raspberry Polyphenols in Rats with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver. Nutrients. 2021 Mar; 13(3):. doi: 10.3390/nu13030833. [PMID: 33802455]
  • Xiang-Yi Tang, Zhi-Ming Wang, He-Cheng Meng, Jia-Wei Lin, Xiao-Ming Guo, Tao Zhang, Hua-Lei Chen, Cai-Yu Lei, Shu-Juan Yu. Robust W/O/W Emulsion Stabilized by Genipin-Cross-Linked Sugar Beet Pectin-Bovine Serum Albumin Nanoparticles: Co-encapsulation of Betanin and Curcumin. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2021 Feb; 69(4):1318-1328. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05212. [PMID: 33480679]
  • Mengqi Wu, Wei Li, Yilin Zhang, Lei Shi, Zhizhen Xu, Wei Xia, Wenqing Zhang. Structure characteristics, hypoglycemic and immunomodulatory activities of pectic polysaccharides from Rosa setate x Rosa rugosa waste. Carbohydrate polymers. 2021 Feb; 253(?):117190. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117190. [PMID: 33278967]
  • Mohammad Rezaul Islam Shishir, Naymul Karim, Yang Xu, Jiahong Xie, Wei Chen. Improving the physicochemical stability and functionality of nanoliposome using green polymer for the delivery of pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside. Food chemistry. 2021 Feb; 337(?):127654. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127654. [PMID: 32791428]
  • Marco Aldo Ortenzi, Stefano Antenucci, Stefania Marzorati, Lucia Panzella, Silvia Molino, José Ángel Rufián-Henares, Alessandra Napolitano, Luisella Verotta. Pectin-Based Formulations for Controlled Release of an Ellagic Acid Salt with High Solubility Profile in Physiological Media. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2021 Jan; 26(2):. doi: 10.3390/molecules26020433. [PMID: 33467593]
  • Lei Yan, Muhammad Riaz, Jiayou Liu, Yalin Liu, Yu Zeng, Cuncang Jiang. Boron reduces aluminum deposition in alkali-soluble pectin and cytoplasm to release aluminum toxicity. Journal of hazardous materials. 2021 01; 401(?):123388. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123388. [PMID: 32653794]
  • Raphael R Fagundes, Arno R Bourgonje, Ali Saeed, Arnau Vich Vila, Niels Plomp, Tjasso Blokzijl, Mehdi Sadaghian Sadabad, Julius Z H von Martels, Sander S van Leeuwen, Rinse K Weersma, Gerard Dijkstra, Hermie J M Harmsen, Klaas Nico Faber. Inulin-grown Faecalibacterium prausnitzii cross-feeds fructose to the human intestinal epithelium. Gut microbes. 2021 Jan; 13(1):1993582. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1993582. [PMID: 34793284]
  • Shi-Long Zhang, Yu-Qin Mao, Zheng-Yan Zhang, Zhan-Ming Li, Chao-Yue Kong, Hui-Ling Chen, Pei-Ran Cai, Bing Han, Tao Ye, Li-Shun Wang. Pectin supplement significantly enhanced the anti-PD-1 efficacy in tumor-bearing mice humanized with gut microbiota from patients with colorectal cancer. Theranostics. 2021; 11(9):4155-4170. doi: 10.7150/thno.54476. [PMID: 33754054]
  • Yu-Yao Wu, Zi-Shao Zhong, Zhen-Hao Ye, Wang Zhang, Gui-Hua He, Yi-Feng Zheng, Sui-Ping Huang. D-galacturonic acid ameliorates the intestinal mucosal permeability and inflammation of functional dyspepsia in rats. Annals of palliative medicine. 2021 Jan; 10(1):538-548. doi: 10.21037/apm-20-2420. [PMID: 33440961]
  • Aline Martins Dos Santos, Andréia Bagliotti Meneguin, Dewan Taslima Akhter, Nicholas Fletcher, Zachary H Houston, Craig Bell, Kristofer J Thurecht, Maria Palmira Daflon Gremião. Understanding the role of colon-specific microparticles based on retrograded starch/pectin in the delivery of chitosan nanoparticles along the gastrointestinal tract. European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics : official journal of Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Pharmazeutische Verfahrenstechnik e.V. 2021 Jan; 158(?):371-378. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.12.004. [PMID: 33309846]
  • Nagina Rafique, Saiqa Bashir, Muhammad Zubair Khan, Imran Hayat, Willium Orts, Dominic W S Wong. Metabolic engineering of Bacillus subtilis with an endopolygalacturonase gene isolated from Pectobacterium. carotovorum; a plant pathogenic bacterial strain. PloS one. 2021; 16(12):e0256562. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256562. [PMID: 34936645]
  • Yan Li, Yang Deng, Zhen Li, Zhuqing Liu, Meizi Piao, Xiaoqian Cui. Composition, physicochemical properties, and anti-fatigue activity of water-soluble okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) stem pectins. International journal of biological macromolecules. 2020 Dec; 165(Pt B):2630-2639. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.167. [PMID: 33115649]
  • Anouar Feriani, Meriam Tir, Mariem Hamed, Assaâd Sila, Saber Nahdi, Saleh Alwasel, Abdel Halim Harrath, Nizar Tlili. Multidirectional insights on polysaccharides from Schinus terebinthifolius and Schinus molle fruits: Physicochemical and functional profiles, in vitro antioxidant, anti-genotoxicity, antidiabetic, and antihemolytic capacities, and in vivo anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive properties. International journal of biological macromolecules. 2020 Dec; 165(Pt B):2576-2587. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.123. [PMID: 33096174]
  • Wei Wei, Nickisha Pierre-Pierre, Hao Peng, Vishnutej Ellur, George J Vandemark, Weidong Chen. The D-galacturonic acid catabolic pathway genes differentially regulate virulence and salinity response in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Fungal genetics and biology : FG & B. 2020 12; 145(?):103482. doi: 10.1016/j.fgb.2020.103482. [PMID: 33137429]
  • Chun Wang, Wu-Dan Cai, Jing Yao, Li-Xia Wu, Lin Li, Jie Zhu, Jing-Kun Yan. Conjugation of ferulic acid onto pectin affected the physicochemical, functional and antioxidant properties. Journal of the science of food and agriculture. 2020 Dec; 100(15):5352-5362. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.10583. [PMID: 32542712]
  • Faramarz Khodaiyan, Karim Parastouei. Co-optimization of pectin and polyphenols extraction from black mulberry pomace using an eco-friendly technique: Simultaneous recovery and characterization of products. International journal of biological macromolecules. 2020 Dec; 164(?):1025-1036. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.107. [PMID: 32679326]
  • S L Edirisinghe, D C Rajapaksha, Chamilani Nikapitiya, Chulhong Oh, Kyoung-Ah Lee, Do-Hyung Kang, Mahanama De Zoysa. Spirulina maxima derived marine pectin promotes the in vitro and in vivo regeneration and wound healing in zebrafish. Fish & shellfish immunology. 2020 Dec; 107(Pt A):414-425. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.10.008. [PMID: 33038507]
  • Sana Ben Othman, Kenji Ido, Ryoya Masuda, Saki Gotoh, Ritsuko Hosoda-Yabe, Kohji Kitaguchi, Tomio Yabe. Senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 mice exhibit specific morphological changes in the small intestine during senescence and after pectin supplemented diet. Experimental gerontology. 2020 12; 142(?):111099. doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.111099. [PMID: 33011215]
  • Weixuan Sun, Wenhan Yang, Yuxue Zheng, Huiling Zhang, Haitian Fang, Donghong Liu, Xiangli Kong, Shiguo Chen, Xingqian Ye, Jinhu Tian. Effect of Potato Pulp Pectic Polysaccharide on the Stability of Acidified Milk Drinks. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2020 Nov; 25(23):. doi: 10.3390/molecules25235632. [PMID: 33266001]
  • Beatriz Míguez, Carlos Vila, Koen Venema, Juan Carlos Parajó, José Luis Alonso. Prebiotic effects of pectooligosaccharides obtained from lemon peel on the microbiota from elderly donors using an in vitro continuous colon model (TIM-2). Food & function. 2020 Nov; 11(11):9984-9999. doi: 10.1039/d0fo01848a. [PMID: 33119011]
  • Jianjun Wu, Yongbin Xu, Juan Su, Bo Zhu, Siqi Wang, Kaohua Liu, Huijun Wang, Songshan Shi, Qiaoyan Zhang, Luping Qin, Shunchun Wang. Roles of gut microbiota and metabolites in a homogalacturonan-type pectic polysaccharide from Ficus pumila Linn. fruits mediated amelioration of obesity. Carbohydrate polymers. 2020 Nov; 248(?):116780. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116780. [PMID: 32919569]
  • Tanja Kongerslev Thorning, Christel Johanneson Bertolt, Mette S Nielsen, Christian Ritz, Arne Astrup, Anne Raben. Potato Fibers Have Positive Effects on Subjective Appetite Sensations in Healthy Men, but Not on Fecal Fat Excretion: A Randomized Controlled Single-Blind Crossover Trial. Nutrients. 2020 Nov; 12(11):. doi: 10.3390/nu12113496. [PMID: 33203008]
  • Adam Choma, Katarzyna Zamłyńska, Andrzej Mazur, Anna Pastuszka, Zbigniew Kaczyński, Iwona Komaniecka. Lipid A from Oligotropha carboxidovorans Lipopolysaccharide That Contains Two Galacturonic Acid Residues in the Backbone and Malic Acid A Tertiary Acyl Substituent. International journal of molecular sciences. 2020 Oct; 21(21):. doi: 10.3390/ijms21217991. [PMID: 33121154]
  • Wenyao Xue, Yue Gao, Qianwen Li, Qibin Lu, Zhengying Bian, Lei Tang, Yu Zeng, Cong Chen, Wei Guo. Immunomodulatory activity-guided isolation and characterization of a novel polysaccharide from Atractylodis macrocephalae Koidz. International journal of biological macromolecules. 2020 Oct; 161(?):514-524. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.003. [PMID: 32504713]
  • Fanke Zeng, Wenbo Chen, Ping He, Qiping Zhan, Qian Wang, Hui Wu, Mengmeng Zhang. Structural characterization of polysaccharides with potential antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities from Chinese water chestnut peels. Carbohydrate polymers. 2020 Oct; 246(?):116551. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116551. [PMID: 32747236]
  • Kazuo Hino, Sho Miyatake, Fumiyo Yamada, Naoyuki Endo, Ryosuke Akiyama, Goro Ebisu. Undigested low-methoxy pectin prevents diarrhea and induces colonic contraction during liquid-diet feeding in rats. Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.). 2020 10; 78(?):110804. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.110804. [PMID: 32544847]
  • Tessa R Flood, Stefano Montanari, Marley Wicks, Jack Blanchard, Holly Sharp, Lee Taylor, Matthew R Kuennen, Ben J Lee. Addition of pectin-alginate to a carbohydrate beverage does not maintain gastrointestinal barrier function during exercise in hot-humid conditions better than carbohydrate ingestion alone. Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme. 2020 Oct; 45(10):1145-1155. doi: 10.1139/apnm-2020-0118. [PMID: 32365303]
  • Yunpeng Tian, Wei Lv, Chengzhi Lu, Yiyao Jiang, Xue Yang, Minghao Song. Galectin-3 inhibition attenuates doxorubicin-induced cardiac dysfunction by upregulating the expression of peroxiredoxin-4. Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology. 2020 Oct; 98(10):700-707. doi: 10.1139/cjpp-2019-0700. [PMID: 32516552]
  • Seyed Mostafa Hosseini, Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar, Mohammad Mazandarani, Hamed Paknejad, Hien Van Doan, Ehab R El-Haroun. The potential benefits of orange peels derived pectin on serum and skin mucus immune parameters, antioxidant defence and growth performance in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Fish & shellfish immunology. 2020 Aug; 103(?):17-22. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.04.019. [PMID: 32325217]
  • Dong-Hyun Jung, Dong-Ho Seo, Ji-Hee Shin, Cheon-Seok Park, Won-Hyong Chung. Genome Analysis of Enterococcus mundtii Pe103, a Human Gut-Originated Pectinolytic Bacterium. Current microbiology. 2020 Aug; 77(8):1839-1847. doi: 10.1007/s00284-020-01932-5. [PMID: 32166413]
  • Shaun Sutehall, Stuart D R Galloway, Andrew Bosch, Yannis Pitsiladis. Addition of an Alginate Hydrogel to a Carbohydrate Beverage Enhances Gastric Emptying. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 2020 08; 52(8):1785-1792. doi: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002301. [PMID: 32079920]
  • Yamato Oda, Satoru Asatsuma, Hiroaki Nakasone, Ken Matsuoka. Sucrose starvation induces the degradation of proteins in trans-Golgi network and secretory vesicle cluster in tobacco BY-2 cells. Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry. 2020 Aug; 84(8):1652-1666. doi: 10.1080/09168451.2020.1756736. [PMID: 32338160]
  • Jessica Sofía Ayala-López, Víctor Inocencio Pacheco-Contreras, Norma Francenia Santos-Sánchez, Beatriz Hernández-Carlos, Gabriela F Lara-Ruiz, Raúl Salas-Coronado. Characterization of pectin extracted under mild conditions from tempesquistle (Sideroxylon palmeri) fruit at two maturity stages. Acta scientiarum polonorum. Technologia alimentaria. 2020 Jul; 19(3):347-357. doi: 10.17306/j.afs.0850. [PMID: 32978916]
  • James F P Barber, Joel Thomas, Ben Narang, Aaron Hengist, James A Betts, Gareth A Wallis, Javier T Gonzalez. Pectin-Alginate Does Not Further Enhance Exogenous Carbohydrate Oxidation in Running. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 2020 06; 52(6):1376-1384. doi: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002262. [PMID: 31977640]
  • Mariem Itaimi Dammak, Zeineb Mzoughi, Ibtissem Chakroun, Hedi Ben Mansour, Didier Le Cerf, Hatem Majdoub. Optimization of polysaccharides extraction from quince peels: partial characterization, antioxidant and antiproliferative properties. Natural product research. 2020 May; 34(10):1470-1474. doi: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1514403. [PMID: 30445860]
  • Chao Tang, Xiaoxuan Zhu, Xin Qiao, Hongru Gao, Qionghou Li, Peng Wang, Juyou Wu, Shaoling Zhang. Characterization of the pectin methyl-esterase gene family and its function in controlling pollen tube growth in pear (Pyrus bretschneideri). Genomics. 2020 05; 112(3):2467-2477. doi: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.01.021. [PMID: 32014523]
  • Jingzhe Guo, Zhenbiao Yang. Exocytosis and endocytosis: coordinating and fine-tuning the polar tip growth domain in pollen tubes. Journal of experimental botany. 2020 04; 71(8):2428-2438. doi: 10.1093/jxb/eraa134. [PMID: 32173729]
  • Ruben Parra, Miguel A Paredes, Juana Labrador, Cláudia Nunes, Manuel A Coimbra, Nieves Fernandez-Garcia, Enrique Olmos, Mercedes Gallardo, Maria C Gomez-Jimenez. Cell Wall Composition and Ultrastructural Immunolocalization of Pectin and Arabinogalactan Protein during Olea europaea L. Fruit Abscission. Plant & cell physiology. 2020 Apr; 61(4):814-825. doi: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa009. [PMID: 32016408]
  • Hexiang Zhang, Jiangchao Zhao, Hongmei Shang, Yang Guo, Shilun Chen. Extraction, purification, hypoglycemic and antioxidant activities of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) polysaccharides. International journal of biological macromolecules. 2020 Apr; 148(?):750-760. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.194. [PMID: 31978472]
  • H P S U Chandrarathna, T D Liyanage, S L Edirisinghe, S H S Dananjaya, E H T Thulshan, Chamilani Nikapitiya, Chulhong Oh, Do-Hyung Kang, Mahanama De Zoysa. Marine Microalgae, Spirulina maxima-Derived Modified Pectin and Modified Pectin Nanoparticles Modulate the Gut Microbiota and Trigger Immune Responses in Mice. Marine drugs. 2020 Mar; 18(3):. doi: 10.3390/md18030175. [PMID: 32245246]
  • Leszek A Kleczkowski, Abir U Igamberdiev. Optimization of nucleotide sugar supply for polysaccharide formation via thermodynamic buffering. The Biochemical journal. 2020 01; 477(2):341-356. doi: 10.1042/bcj20190807. [PMID: 31967651]
  • Jiangyan Huo, Yan Lu, Long Xia, Daofeng Chen. Structural characterization and anticomplement activities of three acidic homogeneous polysaccharides from Artemisia annua. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2020 Jan; 247(?):112281. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112281. [PMID: 31600559]
  • Yafei Liu, Anne-Louise Heath, Barbara Galland, Nancy Rehrer, Lynley Drummond, Xi-Yang Wu, Tracey J Bell, Blair Lawley, Ian M Sims, Gerald W Tannock. Substrate Use Prioritization by a Coculture of Five Species of Gut Bacteria Fed Mixtures of Arabinoxylan, Xyloglucan, β-Glucan, and Pectin. Applied and environmental microbiology. 2020 01; 86(2):. doi: 10.1128/aem.01905-19. [PMID: 31676481]
  • Ana R Sede, Diego L Wengier, Cecilia Borassi, José M Estevez, Jorge P Muschietti. Imaging and Analysis of the Content of Callose, Pectin, and Cellulose in the Cell Wall of Arabidopsis Pollen Tubes Grown In Vitro. Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.). 2020; 2160(?):233-242. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0672-8_17. [PMID: 32529441]
  • N M Paderin, Yu N Saveliev, S V Popov. [The effect of pectin of tansy, Tanacetum vulgare L., on anxiety and overeating food rich in fats and sugars in mice in modelling binge eating]. Voprosy pitaniia. 2020 ; 89(6):14-22. doi: 10.24411/0042-8833-2020-10074. [PMID: 33476494]
  • Jiadong Sun, Robert W Deering, Zhiyuan Peng, Laila Najia, Christina Khoo, Paul S Cohen, Navindra P Seeram, David C Rowley. Pectic Oligosaccharides from Cranberry Prevent Quiescence and Persistence in the Uropathogenic Escherichia coli CFT073. Scientific reports. 2019 12; 9(1):19590. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-56005-w. [PMID: 31862919]
  • Maria Dimopoulou, Katerina Alba, Grant Campbell, Vassilis Kontogiorgos. Pectin recovery and characterization from lemon juice waste streams. Journal of the science of food and agriculture. 2019 Nov; 99(14):6191-6198. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.9891. [PMID: 31250441]
  • Isaac Eliaz, Avraham Raz. Pleiotropic Effects of Modified Citrus Pectin. Nutrients. 2019 Nov; 11(11):. doi: 10.3390/nu11112619. [PMID: 31683865]
  • Haijuan Hu, Shanshan Zhang, Fengxia Liu, Peipei Zhang, Zafarullah Muhammad, Siyi Pan. Role of the Gut Microbiota and Their Metabolites in Modulating the Cholesterol-Lowering Effects of Citrus Pectin Oligosaccharides in C57BL/6 Mice. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2019 Oct; 67(43):11922-11930. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03731. [PMID: 31576748]
  • Robert B Peterson, Scott A Rankin, Shinya Ikeda. Short communication: Stabilization of milk proteins at pH 5.5 using pectic polysaccharides derived from potato tubers. Journal of dairy science. 2019 Oct; 102(10):8691-8695. doi: 10.3168/jds.2019-16393. [PMID: 31421885]
  • Julie Uerlings, Jérôme Bindelle, Martine Schroyen, Aurore Richel, Geert Bruggeman, Els Willems, Nadia Everaert. Fermentation capacities of fructan- and pectin-rich by-products and purified fractions via an in vitro piglet faecal model. Journal of the science of food and agriculture. 2019 Oct; 99(13):5720-5733. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.9837. [PMID: 31152455]
  • Aline Voxeur, Olivier Habrylo, Stéphanie Guénin, Fabien Miart, Marie-Christine Soulié, Christophe Rihouey, Corinne Pau-Roblot, Jean-Marc Domon, Laurent Gutierrez, Jérôme Pelloux, Grégory Mouille, Mathilde Fagard, Herman Höfte, Samantha Vernhettes. Oligogalacturonide production upon Arabidopsis thaliana-Botrytis cinerea interaction. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2019 09; 116(39):19743-19752. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1900317116. [PMID: 31501325]
  • Ran An, Ellen Wilms, Agnieszka Smolinska, Gerben D A Hermes, Ad A M Masclee, Paul de Vos, Henk A Schols, Frederik J van Schooten, Hauke Smidt, Daisy M A E Jonkers, Erwin G Zoetendal, Freddy J Troost. Sugar Beet Pectin Supplementation Did Not Alter Profiles of Fecal Microbiota and Exhaled Breath in Healthy Young Adults and Healthy Elderly. Nutrients. 2019 Sep; 11(9):. doi: 10.3390/nu11092193. [PMID: 31547291]
  • Jing Zhan, Yiran Liang, Donghui Liu, Xiaoran Ma, Peize Li, Wangjing Zhai, Zhiqiang Zhou, Peng Wang. Pectin reduces environmental pollutant-induced obesity in mice through regulating gut microbiota: A case study of p,p'-DDE. Environment international. 2019 09; 130(?):104861. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.05.055. [PMID: 31195221]
  • Jin-Shu Yang, Tai-Hua Mu, Meng-Mei Ma. Optimization of ultrasound-microwave assisted acid extraction of pectin from potato pulp by response surface methodology and its characterization. Food chemistry. 2019 Aug; 289(?):351-359. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.03.027. [PMID: 30955623]
  • Rugang Zhu, Congya Wang, Lijiao Zhang, Yu Wang, Gang Chen, Jungang Fan, Youfeng Jia, Fengwen Yan, Chong Ning. Pectin oligosaccharides from fruit of Actinidia arguta: Structure-activity relationship of prebiotic and antiglycation potentials. Carbohydrate polymers. 2019 Aug; 217(?):90-97. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.04.032. [PMID: 31079689]