Reaction Process: Reactome:R-CFA-159424

Benzoic acid

C7H6O2 (122.0367776)

Benzoic acid appears as a white crystalline solid. Slightly soluble in water. The primary hazard is the potential for environmental damage if released. Immediate steps should be taken to limit spread to the environment. Used to make other chemicals, as a food preservative, and for other uses. Benzoic acid is a compound comprising a benzene ring core carrying a carboxylic acid substituent. It has a role as an antimicrobial food preservative, an EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor, an EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor, a plant metabolite, a human xenobiotic metabolite, an algal metabolite and a drug allergen. It is a conjugate acid of a benzoate. A fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative. It is conjugated to GLYCINE in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid. As the sodium salt form, sodium benzoate is used as a treatment for urea cycle disorders due to its ability to bind amino acids. This leads to excretion of these amino acids and a decrease in ammonia levels. Recent research shows that sodium benzoate may be beneficial as an add-on therapy (1 gram/day) in schizophrenia. Total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale scores dropped by 21\\\\\% compared to placebo. Benzoic acid is a Nitrogen Binding Agent. The mechanism of action of benzoic acid is as an Ammonium Ion Binding Activity. Benzoic acid, C6H5COOH, is a colourless crystalline solid and the simplest aromatic carboxylic acid. Benzoic acid occurs naturally free and bound as benzoic acid esters in many plant and animal species. Appreciable amounts have been found in most berries (around 0.05\\\\\%). Cranberries contain as much as 300-1300 mg free benzoic acid per kg fruit. Benzoic acid is a fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative. It often is conjugated to glycine in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid. Benzoic acid is a byproduct of phenylalanine metabolism in bacteria. It is also produced when gut bacteria process polyphenols (from ingested fruits or beverages). A fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative. It is conjugated to GLYCINE in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid. See also: Salicylic Acid (active moiety of); Benzoyl Peroxide (active moiety of); Sodium Benzoate (active moiety of) ... View More ... Widespread in plants especies in essential oils and fruits, mostly in esterified formand is also present in butter, cooked meats, pork fat, white wine, black and green tea, mushroom and Bourbon vanilla. It is used in foodstuffs as antimicrobial and flavouring agent and as preservative. In practical food preservation, the Na salt of benzoic acid is the most widely used form (see MDQ71-S). The antimicrobial activity comprises a wide range of microorganisms, particularly yeasts and moulds. Undissociated benzoic acid is more effective than dissociated, thus the preservative action is more efficient in acidic foodstuffs. Typical usage levels are 500-2000 ppm. Benzoic acid is found in many foods, some of which are animal foods, common grape, lovage, and fruits. Benzoic acid, C6H5COOH, is a colourless crystalline solid and the simplest aromatic carboxylic acid. Benzoic acid occurs naturally free and bound as benzoic acid esters in many plant and animal species. Appreciable amounts have been found in most berries (around 0.05\\\\\%). Cranberries contain as much as 300-1300 mg free benzoic acid per kg fruit. Benzoic acid is a fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative. It often is conjugated to glycine in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid. Benzoic acid is a byproduct of phenylalanine metabolism in bacteria. It is also produced when gut bacteria process polyphenols (from ingested fruits or beverages). It can be found in Serratia (PMID:23061754). Benzoic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=65-85-0 (retrieved 2024-06-28) (CAS RN: 65-85-0). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Benzoic acid is an aromatic alcohol existing naturally in many plants and is a common additive to food, drinks, cosmetics and other products. It acts as preservatives through inhibiting both bacteria and fungi. Benzoic acid is an aromatic alcohol existing naturally in many plants and is a common additive to food, drinks, cosmetics and other products. It acts as preservatives through inhibiting both bacteria and fungi.

Salicyluric acid

C9H9NO4 (195.0531554)

Salicyluric acid is an aryl glycine conjugate formed by the body to eliminate excess salicylates, including aspirin. Aspirin is rapidly hydrolysed to salicylic acid which is further metabolized to various compounds, including salicyluric acid (SU) as well as various acyl and phenolic glucuronides, and hydroxylated metabolites. SU is the major metabolite of SA excreted in urine and it is present in the urine of people who have not taken salicylate drugs, although it has no anti-inflammatory effects in humans or in animals. More salicyluric acid (SU) is excreted in the urine of vegetarians than in non-vegetarians, primarily because fruits and vegetables are important sources of dietary salicylates. However, significantly less (10-15X) SU is excreted by vegetarians than individuals taking low-dose aspirin (PMID: 12944546). The induction of the salicyluric acid formation is one of the saturable pathways of salicylate elimination. The formation of the methyl ester of salicyluric acid is observed during the quantitation of salicyluric acid and other salicylate metabolites in urine by high-pressure liquid chromatography. This methyl ester formation causes artificially low values for salicyluric acid and high values for salicylic acid. (PMID: 6101164, 6857178). Salicyluric acid has been found to be a microbial metabolite. Constituent of milk KEIO_ID H028 Salicyluric acid is an endogenous metabolite.

Acetylphenol

C8H8O2 (136.0524268)

C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C2122 - Cell Differentiating Agent > C1934 - Differentiation Inducer Phenyl acetate is an endogenous metabolite.

Salicyloyl-CoA

C28H40N7O18P3S (887.136333)

Salicyl-coenzyme A is the intermediate product in the formation of salicyluric acid from salicylic acid. It has been shown to suppress LPS-induced PGE(2) production which effectively complements the action of salicylilc acid -- the major metabolite of aspirin (PMID: 10903918). Salicyl CoA is metabolized in the liver by mitochondrial acyl CoA:glycine N-acyl transferase (ACGNAT). This enzyme is important in the detoxification of various endogenous and xenobiotic acyl CoAs. [HMDB] Salicyloyl-CoA is the intermediate product in the formation of salicyluric acid from salicylic acid. It has been shown to suppress LPS-induced PGE(2) production which effectively complements the action of salicylic acid -- the major metabolite of aspirin (PMID: 10903918). Salicyloyl-CoA is metabolized in the liver by mitochondrial acyl CoA:glycine N-acyl transferase (ACGNAT). This enzyme is important in the detoxification of various endogenous and xenobiotic acyl-CoAs.

[Hydroxy(oxido)phosphoryl] phosphate

HO7P2-3 (174.9197556)

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benzoyl-CoA(4-)

C28H36N7O17P3S-4 (867.1101196000001)

2-Azaniumylacetate

C2H5NO2 (75.032027)

Salicylate

C7H5O3- (137.023868)

D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents > D000894 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal > D016861 - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents > D000894 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal > D012459 - Salicylates D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents A monohydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of salicylic acid. D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors

[[[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-oxidophosphoryl]oxy-oxidophosphoryl] phosphate

C10H12N5O13P3-4 (502.9644492)

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coenzyme A(4-)

C21H32N7O16P3S-4 (763.0839062)

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Adenosine-5-monophosphate(2-)

C10H12N5O7P-2 (345.0474332)

phenylacetyl-CoA(4-)

C29H38N7O17P3S-4 (881.1257688000001)