Reaction Process: PlantCyc:PLANT_PWY-5
canavanine biosynthesis related metabolites
find 14 related metabolites which is associated with chemical reaction(pathway) canavanine biosynthesis
L-canaline + carbamoyl phosphate ⟶ O-ureido-L-homoserine + phosphate
L-Canaline
L-canaline, also known as L-2-amino-4-(aminooxy)butyric acid, is a member of the class of compounds known as L-alpha-amino acids. L-alpha-amino acids are alpha amino acids which have the L-configuration of the alpha-carbon atom. L-canaline is soluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). L-canaline can be found in a number of food items such as mulberry, rape, grape, and black chokeberry, which makes L-canaline a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. L-canaline is a substrate for ornithine aminotransferase resulting in the synthesis of L-ureidohomoserine (the corresponding analog of L-citrulline). In turn, the latter forms L-canavaninosuccinic acid in a reaction mediated by argininosuccinic acid synthetase. L-Canavaninosuccinic acid is cleaved to form L-canavanine by argininosuccinic acid synthetase. By these sequential reactions, the canaline-urea cycle (analogous to the ornithine-urea cycle) is formed. Every time a canavanine molecule runs through the canaline-urea cycle, the two terminal nitrogen atoms are released as urea. Urea is an important by-product of this reaction sequence because it makes ammonicial ammonia (urease-mediated) that is available to support intermediary nitrogen metabolism. L-canaline can by reductively cleaved to L-homoserine, a non-protein amino acid of great importance in the formation of a host of essential amino acids. In this way, the third nitrogen atom of canavanine enters into the reactions of nitrogen metabolism of the plant. As homoserine, its carbon skeleton also finds an important use . L-canaline is a non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-homoserine in which the hydroxy group at position 4 is substituted by an aminooxy group. It has been isolated from legumes and plays an essential role in lugume chemical defense against insects. It has a role as a plant metabolite, an antineoplastic agent, an antimetabolite and a phytogenic insecticide. It is functionally related to a L-homoserine. It is a tautomer of a L-canaline zwitterion. Canavanine reacts with water to produce L-canaline and urea. The reaction is catalyzed by arginase. L-canaline reacts with carbamoyl-phosphate to produce O-ureidohomoserine and phosphate. The reaction is catalyzed by ornithine carbamoyltransferase. A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-homoserine in which the hydroxy group at position 4 is substituted by an aminooxy group. It has been isolated from legumes and plays an essential role in lugume chemical defense against insects.
Pyrophosphate
The anion, the salts, and the esters of pyrophosphoric acid are called pyrophosphates. The pyrophosphate anion is abbreviated PPi and is formed by the hydrolysis of ATP into AMP in cells. This hydrolysis is called pyrophosphorolysis. The pyrophosphate anion has the structure P2O74-, and is an acid anhydride of phosphate. It is unstable in aqueous solution and rapidly hydrolyzes into inorganic phosphate. Pyrophosphate is an osteotoxin (arrests bone development) and an arthritogen (promotes arthritis). It is also a metabotoxin (an endogenously produced metabolite that causes adverse health affects at chronically high levels). Chronically high levels of pyrophosphate are associated with hypophosphatasia. Hypophosphatasia (also called deficiency of alkaline phosphatase or phosphoethanolaminuria) is a rare, and sometimes fatal, metabolic bone disease. Hypophosphatasia is associated with a molecular defect in the gene encoding tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP). TNSALP is an enzyme that is tethered to the outer surface of osteoblasts and chondrocytes. TNSALP hydrolyzes several substances, including inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) and pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PLP), a major form of vitamin B6. When TSNALP is low, inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) accumulates outside of cells and inhibits the formation of hydroxyapatite, one of the main components of bone, causing rickets in infants and children and osteomalacia (soft bones) in adults. Vitamin B6 must be dephosphorylated by TNSALP before it can cross the cell membrane. Vitamin B6 deficiency in the brain impairs synthesis of neurotransmitters which can cause seizures. In some cases, a build-up of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals in the joints can cause pseudogout. COVID info from WikiPathways Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
Ammonium
Ammonium, also known as ammonium(1+) or nh4+, is a member of the class of compounds known as homogeneous other non-metal compounds. Homogeneous other non-metal compounds are inorganic non-metallic compounds in which the largest atom belongs to the class of other nonmetals. Ammonium can be found in a number of food items such as irish moss, sago palm, sorghum, and malabar spinach, which makes ammonium a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Ammonium can be found primarily in blood and sweat. Ammonium exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, ammonium is involved in the the oncogenic action of 2-hydroxyglutarate. Ammonium is also involved in a couple of metabolic disorders, which include the oncogenic action of d-2-hydroxyglutarate in hydroxygluaricaciduria and the oncogenic action of l-2-hydroxyglutarate in hydroxygluaricaciduria. Moreover, ammonium is found to be associated with n-acetylglutamate synthetase deficiency. The ammonium cation is a positively charged polyatomic ion with the chemical formula NH+ 4. It is formed by the protonation of ammonia (NH3). Ammonium is also a general name for positively charged or protonated substituted amines and quaternary ammonium cations (NR+ 4), where one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by organic groups (indicated by R) . Ammonium is an important source of nitrogen for many plant species, especially those growing on hypoxic soils. However, it is also toxic to most crop species and is rarely applied as a sole nitrogen source. The ammonium (more obscurely: aminium) cation is a positively charged polyatomic cation with the chemical formula NH4+. It is formed by the protonation of ammonia (NH3). Ammonium is also a general name for positively charged or protonated substituted amines and quaternary ammonium cations (NR4+), where one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by organic radical groups (indicated by R). Ammonium is found to be associated with N-acetylglutamate synthetase deficiency, which is an inborn error of metabolism.
Hydrogen Ion
Hydrogen ion, also known as proton or h+, is a member of the class of compounds known as other non-metal hydrides. Other non-metal hydrides are inorganic compounds in which the heaviest atom bonded to a hydrogen atom is belongs to the class of other non-metals. Hydrogen ion can be found in a number of food items such as lowbush blueberry, groundcherry, parsley, and tarragon, which makes hydrogen ion a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Hydrogen ion exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, hydrogen ion is involved in several metabolic pathways, some of which include cardiolipin biosynthesis cl(i-13:0/a-25:0/a-21:0/i-15:0), cardiolipin biosynthesis cl(a-13:0/a-17:0/i-13:0/a-25:0), cardiolipin biosynthesis cl(i-12:0/i-13:0/a-17:0/a-15:0), and cardiolipin biosynthesis CL(16:1(9Z)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/18:1(11Z)/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)). Hydrogen ion is also involved in several metabolic disorders, some of which include de novo triacylglycerol biosynthesis TG(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)), de novo triacylglycerol biosynthesis TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:0/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)), de novo triacylglycerol biosynthesis TG(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)), and de novo triacylglycerol biosynthesis TG(24:0/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/24:0). A hydrogen ion is created when a hydrogen atom loses or gains an electron. A positively charged hydrogen ion (or proton) can readily combine with other particles and therefore is only seen isolated when it is in a gaseous state or a nearly particle-free space. Due to its extremely high charge density of approximately 2×1010 times that of a sodium ion, the bare hydrogen ion cannot exist freely in solution as it readily hydrates, i.e., bonds quickly. The hydrogen ion is recommended by IUPAC as a general term for all ions of hydrogen and its isotopes. Depending on the charge of the ion, two different classes can be distinguished: positively charged ions and negatively charged ions . Hydrogen ion is recommended by IUPAC as a general term for all ions of hydrogen and its isotopes. Depending on the charge of the ion, two different classes can be distinguished: positively charged ions and negatively charged ions. Under aqueous conditions found in biochemistry, hydrogen ions exist as the hydrated form hydronium, H3O+, but these are often still referred to as hydrogen ions or even protons by biochemists. [Wikipedia])
Canavaninosuccinate
C9H16N4O7 (292.10189460000004)
Canavaninosuccinate is formed from ureidohomoserine and aspartate by a human or bovine liver extract that had high argininosuccinate synthetase (EC 6.3.4.5) activity, and the subsequent formation of guanidinosuccinate is done by reductive cleavage. In the presence of ATP the optimum pH for the synthetic reaction is 8.4. This reaction can be carried out in either a tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane or borate buffer. Subsequent addition of dithiothreitol in the presence of Fe2+ resulted in the cleavage of some of the synthesized canavaninosuccinate to form guanidinosuccinate and homoserine. Synthesis of canavaninosuccinate was strongly inhibited by added argininosuccinate, less so by canavaninosuccinate, arginine, canavanine, glycine, or 2,3-dimercaptopropanol. All the reactions, starting with canavaninosuccinate and down to the formation of guanidinoacetate and guanidinosuccinate have been demonstrated in human tissue ( (PMID: 241511) [HMDB]. Canavaninosuccinate is found in many foods, some of which are common grape, guava, bamboo shoots, and cabbage. Canavaninosuccinate is formed from ureidohomoserine and aspartate by a human or bovine liver extract that had high argininosuccinate synthetase (EC 6.3.4.5) activity, and the subsequent formation of guanidinosuccinate is done by reductive cleavage. In the presence of ATP the optimum pH for the synthetic reaction is 8.4. This reaction can be carried out in either a tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane or borate buffer. Subsequent addition of dithiothreitol in the presence of Fe2+ resulted in the cleavage of some of the synthesized canavaninosuccinate to form guanidinosuccinate and homoserine. Synthesis of canavaninosuccinate was strongly inhibited by added argininosuccinate, less so by canavaninosuccinate, arginine, canavanine, glycine, or 2,3-dimercaptopropanol. All the reactions, starting with canavaninosuccinate and down to the formation of guanidinoacetate and guanidinosuccinate have been demonstrated in human tissue ( (PMID: 241511).
O-Ureidohomoserine
O-Ureidohomoserine is involved in the canavanine biosynthesis pathway. It can be generated from the enzymatic reduction of canavaninosuccinate or enzymatic oxidation of L-canaline. The canavanine biosynthesis pathway is analogous to the animal Krebs-Henseleit ornithine-urea cycle. Feeding experiments demonstrated the existence of enzyme activities of canaline-dependent ornithine carbamyltransferase, ureidohomoserine-dependent argininosuccinate synthetase, and canavaninosuccinate-dependent argininosuccinate lyase in Canavalia lineate. The canaline-dependent ornithine carbamyltransferase has been purified subsequently. The synthesis of ureidohomoserine is probably the rate-limiting step. Ureidohomoserine interacted with canaline or canavanine to affect synergistically L. minor growth by enhancing individual canavanine or canaline toxicity and increasing the additive growth reduction caused by canavanine plus canaline. The ornithineurea cycle amino acids effectively counteracted both the additive and synergistic growth-inhibiting properties of the canaline-urea cycle compounds.(PMID: 16659513). O-Ureidohomoserine is involved in the canavanine biosynthesis pathway. It can be generated from the enzymatic reduction of canavaninosuccinate or enzymatic oxidation of L-canaline.
fumarate
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Carbamoyl phosphate(2-)
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[[[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-oxidophosphoryl]oxy-oxidophosphoryl] phosphate
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(2S)-2-ammoniobutanedioate
D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018846 - Excitatory Amino Acids
L-canavanine(1+)
An alpha-amino-acid cation that is the conjugate acid of L-canavanine; major species at pH 7.3.