NCBI Taxonomy: 86620
Usnea (ncbi_taxid: 86620)
found 134 associated metabolites at genus taxonomy rank level.
Ancestor: Parmeliaceae
Child Taxonomies: Usnea halei, Usnea hirta, Usnea dasaea, Usnea aspera, Usnea dodgei, Usnea malmei, Usnea rigida, Usnea aranea, Usnea lambii, Usnea florida, Usnea arianae, Usnea flammea, Usnea confusa, Usnea baileyi, Usnea cornuta, Usnea ciliata, Usnea crocata, Usnea cirrosa, Usnea parvula, Usnea barbata, Usnea hyyppae, Usnea pangiana, Usnea undulata, Usnea boomiana, Usnea krogiana, Usnea ceratina, Usnea strigosa, Usnea masudana, Usnea nidifica, Usnea sinensis, Usnea subfusca, Usnea angulata, Usnea erinacea, Usnea steineri, Usnea fleigiae, Usnea dasopoga, Usnea glabrata, Usnea taylorii, Usnea merrillii, Usnea mutabilis, Usnea rubicunda, Usnea wasmuthii, Usnea stipitata, Usnea diffracta, Usnea oreophila, Usnea chilensis, Usnea moreliana, Usnea cavernosa, Usnea arizonica, Usnea durietzii, Usnea lapponica, Usnea diplotypa, Usnea pygmoidea, Usnea silesiaca, Usnea splendens, Usnea subdasaea, Usnea messutiae, Usnea rohmederi, Usnea subaranea, Usnea trichodea, Usnea clerciana, Usnea himalayana, Usnea viktoriana, Usnea pycnoclada, Usnea grandisora, Usnea subflammea, Usnea pacificana, Usnea acanthella, Usnea patagonica, Usnea perpusilla, Usnea acromelana, Usnea hakonensis, Usnea orientalis, Usnea intermedia, Usnea aff. picta, Usnea subcornuta, Usnea antarctica, Usnea ghattensis, Usnea subparvula, Usnea sphacelata, Usnea cristatula, Usnea articulata, Usnea cladocarpa, Usnea perplexans, Usnea glabrescens, Usnea aff. dasaea, Usnea intumescens, Usnea endochrysea, Usnea nipparensis, Usnea rubrotincta, Usnea subgracilis, Usnea flavocardia, Usnea spinulifera, Usnea aciculifera, Usnea praetervisa, Usnea trachycarpa, Usnea ushuaiensis, Usnea substerilis, Usnea subscabrosa, Usnea densirostra, Usnea grandispora, Usnea trachyclada, Usnea subglabrata, Usnea aff. dodgei, Usnea chaetophora, Usnea fulvoreagens, Usnea aff. crocata, Usnea subfloridana, Usnea subpectinata, Usnea rubropallens, Usnea eumitrioides, Usnea esperantiana, Usnea macaronesica, Usnea aff. cornuta, Usnea aff. flammea, Usnea brasiliensis, Usnea rubricornuta, Usnea stigmatoides, Usnea subrubicunda, Usnea meridionalis, Usnea geissleriana, Usnea aff. barbata, unclassified Usnea, Usnea pallidocarpa, Usnea fragilescens, Usnea aff. angulata, Usnea aff. erinacea, Usnea aff. glabrata, Usnea subcapillaris, Usnea parafloridana, Usnea subantarctica, Usnea aff. krogiana, Usnea perhispidella, Usnea pennsylvanica, Usnea jezoformosana, Usnea rubriglabrata, Usnea flabelliformis, Usnea aff. pygmoidea, Usnea aff. rubicunda, Usnea bismolliuscula, Usnea aff. sanguinea, Usnea aurantiacoatra, Usnea aff. fruticans, Usnea aff. silesiaca, Usnea aff. wasmuthii, Usnea tenuicorticata, Usnea aff. grandisora, Usnea aff. subflammea, Usnea croceorubescens, Usnea trachycarpoides, Usnea pseudocapillaris, Usnea aff. brasiliensis, Usnea aff. fragilescens, Usnea aff. fulvoreagens, Usnea aff. subpectinata, Usnea aurantiaca-parvula, Usnea aff. bismolliuscula, Usnea cf. ciliata NW-2012, Usnea cf. cylindrica CHE 15, Usnea cf. glabrescens WAS 29, Usnea aff. igniaria Kim 05010, Usnea cf. fulvoreagens TU 6873, Usnea aff. articulata 1 MN-2020, Usnea aff. articulata 3 MN-2020, Usnea aff. articulata 4 MN-2020, Usnea aff. perpusilla F 1174040a, Usnea aff. perpusilla F 1174041a, Usnea aff. perpusilla F 1174040b, Usnea aff. perpusilla F 1174042a
Usnic acid
A member of the class of dibenzofurans that is dibenzo[b,d]furan-1(9bH)-one substituted by acetyl groups at positions 2 and 6, hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 7 and methyl groups at positions 8 and 9b. D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000981 - Antiprotozoal Agents relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.457 D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000935 - Antifungal Agents relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.456 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.458 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.459 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 1.455 (+)-Usnic acid is isolated from isolated from lichens, binds at the ATP-binding pocket of mTOR, and inhibits mTORC1/2 activity. (+)-Usnic acid inhibits the phosphorylation of mTOR downstream effectors: Akt (Ser473), 4EBP1, S6K, induces autophay, with anti-cancer activity[1]. (+)-Usnic acid possesses antimicrobial activity against a number of planktonic gram-positive bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Enterococcus faecium[2]. (+)-Usnic acid is isolated from isolated from lichens, binds at the ATP-binding pocket of mTOR, and inhibits mTORC1/2 activity. (+)-Usnic acid inhibits the phosphorylation of mTOR downstream effectors: Akt (Ser473), 4EBP1, S6K, induces autophay, with anti-cancer activity[1]. (+)-Usnic acid possesses antimicrobial activity against a number of planktonic gram-positive bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Enterococcus faecium[2]. (+)-Usnic acid is isolated from isolated from lichens, binds at the ATP-binding pocket of mTOR, and inhibits mTORC1/2 activity. (+)-Usnic acid inhibits the phosphorylation of mTOR downstream effectors: Akt (Ser473), 4EBP1, S6K, induces autophay, with anti-cancer activity[1]. (+)-Usnic acid possesses antimicrobial activity against a number of planktonic gram-positive bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Enterococcus faecium[2]. (+)-Usnic acid is isolated from isolated from lichens, binds at the ATP-binding pocket of mTOR, and inhibits mTORC1/2 activity. (+)-Usnic acid inhibits the phosphorylation of mTOR downstream effectors: Akt (Ser473), 4EBP1, S6K, induces autophay, with anti-cancer activity[1]. (+)-Usnic acid possesses antimicrobial activity against a number of planktonic gram-positive bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Enterococcus faecium[2]. Usnic acid, a lichen-derived secondary metabolite, has a unique dibenzofuran skeleton. Usnic acid has excellent anticancer and antimicrobial properties. Usnic acid significantly inhibits RANKL-mediated osteoclast formation and function by reducing the transcriptional and translational expression of NFATc1[1]. Usnic acid, a lichen-derived secondary metabolite, has a unique dibenzofuran skeleton. Usnic acid has excellent anticancer and antimicrobial properties. Usnic acid significantly inhibits RANKL-mediated osteoclast formation and function by reducing the transcriptional and translational expression of NFATc1[1].
Usnic_acid
7-Hydroxy-(S)-usnate is a member of benzofurans. Usnic acid is a natural product found in Lecanora muralis, Usnea florida, and other organisms with data available. D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000981 - Antiprotozoal Agents D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000935 - Antifungal Agents Usnic acid, a lichen-derived secondary metabolite, has a unique dibenzofuran skeleton. Usnic acid has excellent anticancer and antimicrobial properties. Usnic acid significantly inhibits RANKL-mediated osteoclast formation and function by reducing the transcriptional and translational expression of NFATc1[1]. Usnic acid, a lichen-derived secondary metabolite, has a unique dibenzofuran skeleton. Usnic acid has excellent anticancer and antimicrobial properties. Usnic acid significantly inhibits RANKL-mediated osteoclast formation and function by reducing the transcriptional and translational expression of NFATc1[1].
Ergosterol peroxide
Ergosterol peroxide is found in fruits. Ergosterol peroxide is obtained from leaves of Ananas comosus (pineapple obtained from leaves of Ananas comosus (pineapple). Ergosterol peroxide is found in pineapple and fruits.
Cholesteryl acetate
Cholesteryl acetate is a normal human cholesteryl ester present in diverse fluids and organs. Cholesteryl acetate is also present in foods. Food oxidation affects the quality and safety of the human diet by generating compounds with biological activities that can adversely affect health. In particular the susceptibility of cholesterol to oxidation is well known; certain products of cholesterol oxidation have been reported to produce cytotoxic, angiotoxic and carcinogenic effects. Cholesteryl ester (CE) is the major transport and storage form of cholesterol in lipoprotein particles and most cell types. Molecular composition of CE species is of high interest for arteriosclerosis research, i.e., as components of lipoprotein subclasses or in studies investigating the mechanisms involved in the generation of lipid laden foam cells. Thus, it has been shown that CE species in circulating plasma are strongly correlated with development of coronary heart disease. This may be related to specific CE species profiles generated by enzymes involved in lipoprotein metabolism like lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.43, LCAT), acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase 2 (EC 2.3.1.26, ACAT2) or cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP). The cholesteryl ester transfer protein has a key role in the metabolism of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), mediating the exchange of lipids between lipoproteins, resulting in the net transfer of cholesteryl ester from HDL to other lipoproteins and in the subsequent uptake of cholesterol by hepatocytes. By increasing the cholesteryl ester content of low-density and very-low-density lipoproteins, CETP promotes the atherogenicity of these lipoproteins. In addition, high plasma concentrations of CETP are associated with reduced concentrations of HDL cholesterol. (PMID: 10918380, 16458590, 9420339, 3343104, 6721900, 7278520).
usnic acid
Lichenin
Lichenin, also known as lichenan or moss starch, is a complex glucan occurring in certain species of lichens. It can be extracted from Cetraria islandica (Iceland moss). It has been studied since about 1957. Chemically, lichenin consists of repeating glucose units linked by beta-1,3 and beta-1,4 glycosidic bonds . Lichenin is soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Lichenin can be found in oat, which makes lichenin a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Lichenin, also known as lichenan or moss starch, is a complex glucan occurring in certain species of lichens. It can be extracted from Cetraria islandica (Iceland moss). It has been studied since about 1957. Chemically, lichenin consists of repeating glucose units linked by β-1,3 and β-1,4 glycosidic bonds . Lichenin is soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Lichenin can be found in oat, which makes lichenin a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.
UsnicAcid
(-)-usnic acid is the (-)-enantiomer of usnic acid. It has a role as an EC 1.13.11.27 (4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase) inhibitor. It is a conjugate acid of a (-)-usnic acid(2-). It is an enantiomer of a (+)-usnic acid. Usnic acid is a furandione found uniquely in lichen that is used widely in cosmetics, deodorants, toothpaste and medicinal creams as well as some herbal products. Taken orally, usnic acid can be toxic and has been linked to instances of clinically apparent, acute liver injury. (-)-Usnic acid is a natural product found in Dactylina arctica, Evernia divaricata, and other organisms with data available. The (-)-enantiomer of usnic acid. (+)-Usnic acid is isolated from isolated from lichens, binds at the ATP-binding pocket of mTOR, and inhibits mTORC1/2 activity. (+)-Usnic acid inhibits the phosphorylation of mTOR downstream effectors: Akt (Ser473), 4EBP1, S6K, induces autophay, with anti-cancer activity[1]. (+)-Usnic acid possesses antimicrobial activity against a number of planktonic gram-positive bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Enterococcus faecium[2]. (+)-Usnic acid is isolated from isolated from lichens, binds at the ATP-binding pocket of mTOR, and inhibits mTORC1/2 activity. (+)-Usnic acid inhibits the phosphorylation of mTOR downstream effectors: Akt (Ser473), 4EBP1, S6K, induces autophay, with anti-cancer activity[1]. (+)-Usnic acid possesses antimicrobial activity against a number of planktonic gram-positive bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Enterococcus faecium[2]. (+)-Usnic acid is isolated from isolated from lichens, binds at the ATP-binding pocket of mTOR, and inhibits mTORC1/2 activity. (+)-Usnic acid inhibits the phosphorylation of mTOR downstream effectors: Akt (Ser473), 4EBP1, S6K, induces autophay, with anti-cancer activity[1]. (+)-Usnic acid possesses antimicrobial activity against a number of planktonic gram-positive bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Enterococcus faecium[2]. (+)-Usnic acid is isolated from isolated from lichens, binds at the ATP-binding pocket of mTOR, and inhibits mTORC1/2 activity. (+)-Usnic acid inhibits the phosphorylation of mTOR downstream effectors: Akt (Ser473), 4EBP1, S6K, induces autophay, with anti-cancer activity[1]. (+)-Usnic acid possesses antimicrobial activity against a number of planktonic gram-positive bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Enterococcus faecium[2].
Fumarprotocetraric acid
Norstictic acid
D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents > D000894 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal > D012459 - Salicylates
Atraric acid
Atraric acid (Methyl atrarate) is a specific androgen receptor (AR) antagonist with anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects. Atraric acid represses the expression of the endogenous prostate specific antigen gene in both LNCaP and C4-2 cells. Atraric acid can also inhibit the synthesis of NO and cytokine, and suppress the MAPK-NFκB signaling pathway. Atraric acid can be used to research prostate diseases and inflammatory diseases[1][2]. Atraric acid (Methyl atrarate) is a specific androgen receptor (AR) antagonist with anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects. Atraric acid represses the expression of the endogenous prostate specific antigen gene in both LNCaP and C4-2 cells. Atraric acid can also inhibit the synthesis of NO and cytokine, and suppress the MAPK-NFκB signaling pathway. Atraric acid can be used to research prostate diseases and inflammatory diseases[1][2].
Orsellic acid
Orsellinic acid is a compound produced by Lecanoric acid treated with alcohols. Lecanoric acid is a lichen depside isolated from a Parmotrema tinctorum specimen[1].
Evernic Acid
Evernic Acid is a secondary metabolite generated by lichens, including Ramalina, Evernia, and Hypogymnia, and several studies have described its anticancer, antifungal, and antimicrobial effects. Neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects[1]. Evernic Acid is a secondary metabolite generated by lichens, including Ramalina, Evernia, and Hypogymnia, and several studies have described its anticancer, antifungal, and antimicrobial effects. Neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects[1].
Salazinic acid
D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents > D000894 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal > D012459 - Salicylates Origin: Microbe, Carboxylic acids
4-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,6-dimethylbenzoyloxy)-2-hydroxy-3,6-dimethylbenzoic acid
Atranorin
Atranorin is a carbonyl compound. Atranorin is a natural product found in Candelaria concolor, Loxospora elatina, and other organisms with data available. Atranorin is a lichen secondary metabolite. Atranorin inhibits lung cancer cell motility and tumorigenesis by affecting AP-1, Wnt, and STAT signaling and suppressing RhoGTPase activity[1][2]. Atranorin is a lichen secondary metabolite. Atranorin inhibits lung cancer cell motility and tumorigenesis by affecting AP-1, Wnt, and STAT signaling and suppressing RhoGTPase activity[1][2]. Atranorin is a lichen secondary metabolite. Atranorin inhibits lung cancer cell motility and tumorigenesis by affecting AP-1, Wnt, and STAT signaling and suppressing RhoGTPase activity[1][2].
Evernic_acid
2-hydroxy-4-[(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methylphenyl)-oxomethoxy]-6-methylbenzoic acid is a carbonyl compound. Evernic acid is a natural product found in Ochrolechia parella, Usnea rubicunda, and other organisms with data available. Evernic Acid is a secondary metabolite generated by lichens, including Ramalina, Evernia, and Hypogymnia, and several studies have described its anticancer, antifungal, and antimicrobial effects. Neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects[1]. Evernic Acid is a secondary metabolite generated by lichens, including Ramalina, Evernia, and Hypogymnia, and several studies have described its anticancer, antifungal, and antimicrobial effects. Neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects[1].
Methyl 2,4-dihydroxy-3,6-dimethylbenzoate
CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1194; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4243; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4241 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1194; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4554; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4552 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1194; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4219; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4216 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1194; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4573; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4572 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1194; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3741; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3740 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1194; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 4554; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 4550 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1194; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7363; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7360 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1194; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7378; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7376 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1194; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7361; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7359 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1194; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7404; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7400 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1194; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7394; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7391 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1194; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX505; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 7418; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 7416 Atraric acid (Methyl atrarate) is a specific androgen receptor (AR) antagonist with anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects. Atraric acid represses the expression of the endogenous prostate specific antigen gene in both LNCaP and C4-2 cells. Atraric acid can also inhibit the synthesis of NO and cytokine, and suppress the MAPK-NFκB signaling pathway. Atraric acid can be used to research prostate diseases and inflammatory diseases[1][2]. Atraric acid (Methyl atrarate) is a specific androgen receptor (AR) antagonist with anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects. Atraric acid represses the expression of the endogenous prostate specific antigen gene in both LNCaP and C4-2 cells. Atraric acid can also inhibit the synthesis of NO and cytokine, and suppress the MAPK-NFκB signaling pathway. Atraric acid can be used to research prostate diseases and inflammatory diseases[1][2].
Cholesteryl acetate
A cholesterol ester obtained by formal acylation of the hydroxy group of cholesterol by acetic acid. Cholesteryl acetate is a normal human cholesteryl ester present in diverse fluids and organs. Cholesteryl acetate is also present in foods. Food oxidation affects the quality and safety of the human diet by generating compounds with biological activities that can adversely affect health. In particular the susceptibility of cholesterol to oxidation is well known; certain products of cholesterol oxidation have been reported to produce cytotoxic, angiotoxic and carcinogenic effects. Cholesteryl ester (CE) is the major transport and storage form of cholesterol in lipoprotein particles and most cell types. Molecular composition of CE species is of high interest for arteriosclerosis research, i.e., as components of lipoprotein subclasses or in studies investigating the mechanisms involved in the generation of lipid laden foam cells. Thus, it has been shown that CE species in circulating plasma are strongly correlated with development of coronary heart disease. This may be related to specific CE species profiles generated by enzymes involved in lipoprotein metabolism like lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.43, LCAT), acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase 2 (EC 2.3.1.26, ACAT2) or cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP). The cholesteryl ester transfer protein has a key role in the metabolism of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), mediating the exchange of lipids between lipoproteins, resulting in the net transfer of cholesteryl ester from HDL to other lipoproteins and in the subsequent uptake of cholesterol by hepatocytes. By increasing the cholesteryl ester content of low-density and very-low-density lipoproteins, CETP promotes the atherogenicity of these lipoproteins. In addition, high plasma concentrations of CETP are associated with reduced concentrations of HDL cholesterol. (PMID: 10918380, 16458590, 9420339, 3343104, 6721900, 7278520) [HMDB]
