Chemical Formula: C10H14N2O4
Chemical Formula C10H14N2O4
Found 52 metabolite its formula value is C10H14N2O4
Porphobilinogen
Porphobilinogen (PBG) is a pyrrole-containing intermediate in the biosynthesis of porphyrins. It is generated from aminolevulinate (ALA) by the enzyme ALA dehydratase. Porphobilinogen is then converted into hydroxymethylbilane by the enzyme porphobilinogen deaminase (also known as hydroxymethylbilane synthase). Under certain conditions, porphobilinogen can act as a phototoxin, a neurotoxin, and a metabotoxin. A phototoxin leads to cell damage upon exposure to light. A neurotoxin causes damage to nerve cells and nerve tissues. A metabotoxin is an endogenously produced metabolite that causes adverse health effects at chronically high levels. Chronically high levels of porphyrins are associated with porphyrias such as porphyria variegate, acute intermittent porphyria, and hereditary coproporphyria (HCP). There are several types of porphyrias (most are inherited). Hepatic porphyrias are characterized by acute neurological attacks (seizures, psychosis, extreme back and abdominal pain, and an acute polyneuropathy), while the erythropoietic forms present with skin problems (usually a light-sensitive blistering rash and increased hair growth). The neurotoxicity of porphyrins may be due to their selective interactions with tubulin, which disrupt microtubule formation and cause neural malformations (PMID: 3441503). Porphobilinogen is a pyrrole involved in porphyrin metabolism. -- Wikipedia; It consists of a pyrrole ring with acetyl, propionyl, and aminomethyl side chains; It is a key monopyrrolic intermediate in porphyrin, chlorophyll and vitamin B12 biosynthesis. Porphobilinogen is generated by the enzyme ALA dehydratase by combining two molecules of dALA together, and converted into hydroxymethyl bilane by the enzyme porphobilinogen deaminase. 4 molecules of porphobilinogen are condensed to form one molecule of uroporphyrinogen III, which is then converted successively to coproporphyrinogen III, protoporphyrin IX, and heme. Porphobilinogen is produced in excess and excreted in the urine in acute intermittent porphyria and several other porphyrias. [HMDB]. Porphobilinogen is found in many foods, some of which are strawberry guava, amaranth, parsnip, and ostrich fern.
Carbidopa
Carbidopa (anhydrous) is 3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid in which the hydrogens alpha- to the carboxyl group are substituted by hydrazinyl and methyl groups (S-configuration). Carbidopa is a dopa decarboxylase inhibitor, so prevents conversion of levodopa to dopamine. It has no antiparkinson activity by itself, but is used (commonly as its hydrate) in the management of Parkinsons disease to reduce peripheral adverse effects of levodopa. It has a role as an EC 4.1.1.28 (aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase) inhibitor, an antiparkinson drug and a dopaminergic agent. It is a member of hydrazines, a monocarboxylic acid and a member of catechols. Carbidopa presents a chemical denomination of N-amino-alpha-methyl-3-hydroxy-L-tyrosine monohydrate. It potently inhibits aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (DDC) and due to its chemical properties, it does not cross the blood-brain barrier. Due to its activity, carbidopa is always administered concomitantly with [levodopa]. An individual formulation containing solely carbidopa was generated to treat nausea in patients where the combination therapy [levodopa]/carbidopa is not efficient reducing nausea. The first approved product by the FDA containing only carbidopa was developed by Amerigens Pharmaceuticals Ltd and approved on 2014. On the other hand, the combination treatment of carbidopa/levodopa was originally developed by Watson Labs but the historical information by the FDA brings back to the approval of this combination therapy developed by Mayne Pharma in 1992. Carbidopa Anhydrous is the anhydrous, levorotatory isomer of a synthetic hydrazine derivative of the neurotransmitter dopamine. Carbidopa, a peripheral dopa decarboxylase inhibitor, is used as an adjunct with levodopa to prevent levodopa degradation to dopamine in extracerebral tissue, thereby decreasing the peripheral side effects of levodopa. Carbidopa does not penetrate the blood brain barrier; therefore, it does not interfere with the central nervous system (CNS) metabolism of levodopa to the active neurotransmitter dopamine which, in high concentrations in the brain, has anti-parkinsonian effects. An inhibitor of DOPA DECARBOXYLASE that prevents conversion of LEVODOPA to dopamine. It is used in PARKINSON DISEASE to reduce peripheral adverse effects of LEVODOPA. It has no anti-parkinson activity by itself. Carbidopa is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an inhibitor of DOPA decarboxylase, preventing conversion of levodopa to dopamine. It is used in parkinson disease to reduce peripheral adverse effects of levodopa. It has no antiparkinson actions by itself. [PubChem]When mixed with levodopa, carbidopa inhibits the peripheral conversion of levodopa to dopamine and the decarboxylation of oxitriptan to serotonin by aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase. This results in increased amount of levodopa and oxitriptan available for transport to the CNS. Carbidopa also inhibits the metabolism of levodopa in the GI tract, thus, increasing the bioavailability of levodopa. D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D018726 - Anti-Dyskinesia Agents > D000978 - Antiparkinson Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D065105 - Aromatic Amino Acid Decarboxylase Inhibitors C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C38149 - Antiparkinsonian Agent C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C66884 - Dopamine Agonist D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D015259 - Dopamine Agents
DL-Carbidopa
D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D018726 - Anti-Dyskinesia Agents > D000978 - Antiparkinson Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D065105 - Aromatic Amino Acid Decarboxylase Inhibitors D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D015259 - Dopamine Agents
1-(5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-5-methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione
2,3-Dideoxythymidine
relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.365 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.357 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.359
5-DEOXYTHYMIDINE
relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.399 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.394 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.396 5′-Deoxythymidine is a thymidine form which 5' position replaced with hydrogen. 5'-deoxy Thymidine is effective against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. 5′-Deoxythymidine can be used as a research tool for antiviral and anticancer studies[1].
porphobilinogen
A dicarboxylic acid that is pyrole bearing aminomethyl, carboxymethyl and 2-carboxyethyl substituents at positions 2, 3 and 4 respectively.
1-METHYL-1 H-PYRAZOLE-3,5-DICARBOXYLIC ACID DIETHYL ESTER
N-carbamoyl-5-methyl-2-oxo-3-prop-2-enyloxolane-3-carboxamide
6-(5-METHYL-2-OXO-2,3-DIHYDRO-1H-IMIDAZOL-4-YL)-6-OXO-HEXANOIC ACID
4-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-1-methyl-1h-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid
TERT-BUTYL1-METHYL-4-NITRO-1H-PYRROLE-2-CARBOXYLATE
3-(4,6-DIMETHOXYPYRIMIDIN-2-YL)PROPANOIC ACID METHYL ESTER
2-Propyl-1H-Imidazole-4,5-Dicarboxylic Acid Dimethyl Ester
Proxibarbal
D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D006993 - Hypnotics and Sedatives N - Nervous system > N05 - Psycholeptics > N05C - Hypnotics and sedatives > N05CA - Barbiturates, plain C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29756 - Sedative and Hypnotic
5-Methyl-4-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)isoxazole-3-carboxylic acid
3-Deoxythymidine
D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites > D015224 - Dideoxynucleosides
4-(4-Carbamoylpiperidin-1-yl)-4-oxobut-2-enoic acid
3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydrazinyl-2-methylpropanoic acid
D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D018726 - Anti-Dyskinesia Agents > D000978 - Antiparkinson Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D065105 - Aromatic Amino Acid Decarboxylase Inhibitors D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D015259 - Dopamine Agents