Exact Mass: 933.18336

Exact Mass Matches: 933.18336

Found 46 metabolites which its exact mass value is equals to given mass value 933.18336, within given mass tolerance error 0.05 dalton. Try search metabolite list with more accurate mass tolerance error 0.01 dalton.

3-Oxoheptanoyl-CoA

{[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-({[hydroxy({hydroxy[(3R)-3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-3-({2-[(2-{[(3S)-6-oxo-3-(prop-1-en-2-yl)heptanoyl]sulfanyl}ethyl)carbamoyl]ethyl}carbamoyl)propoxy]phosphoryl}oxy)phosphoryl]oxy}methyl)oxolan-3-yl]oxy}phosphonic acid

C31H50N7O18P3S (933.2145790000001)

3-Oxoheptanoyl-CoA is also known as (3S)-3-Isopropenyl-6-oxoenanthoyl-CoA. 3-Oxoheptanoyl-CoA is considered to be slightly soluble (in water) and acidic. 3-Oxoheptanoyl-CoA is a fatty ester lipid molecule

c0893

2-Hydroxy-4-isopropenylcyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA

C31H50N7O18P3S (933.2145790000001)

2,6-Dimethyl-5-methylene-3-oxo-heptanoyl-CoA

C31H50N7O18P3S (933.2145790000001)

cobalt(2+);3-[(2S,3S,7S,8S)-7,13,17-tris(2-carboxyethyl)-3,8,12,18-tetrakis(carboxymethyl)-3,8,10-trimethyl-2,7-dihydroporphyrin-21,23-diid-2-yl]propanoic acid

C43H46CoN4O16 (933.2240655999999)

α-D-GlcNAc3S-(1→4)-β-D-GlcA(1→3)-β-D-Gal(1→3)-β-D-Gal(1→4)-D-Xyl

(2S,3S,4R,5R,6R)-6-{[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-{[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-3,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-{[(3R,4R,5R)-4,5,6-trihydroxyoxan-3-yl]oxy}oxan-4-yl]oxy}-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy}-4,5-dihydroxy-3-{[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-3-[(1-hydroxyethylidene)amino]-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(sulphooxy)oxan-2-yl]oxy}oxane-2-carboxylic acid

C31H51NO29S (933.2267356000001)

GlcNAc3S(alpha1-4)GlcA(beta1-3)Gal(beta1-3)Gal(beta1-4)Xyl is a pentasaccharide comprised of an N-acetylated galactosamine residue sulfated on O-3, a glucuronic acid residue, and two galactose residues linked to a xylose residue at the reducing end.

3,4-dimethylideneheptanedioyl-CoA

7-({2-[(3-{[4-({[({[5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-3-(phosphonooxy)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy}(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy](hydroxy)phosphoryl}oxy)-1,2-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutylidene]amino}-1-hydroxypropylidene)amino]ethyl}sulphanyl)-4,5-dimethylidene-7-oxoheptanoic acid

C30H46N7O19P3S (933.1781956000001)

3,4-dimethylideneheptanedioyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a 3_4-dimethylideneheptanedioic acid thioester of coenzyme A. 3,4-dimethylideneheptanedioyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 7 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. 3,4-dimethylideneheptanedioyl-coa is therefore classified as a medium chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. 3,4-dimethylideneheptanedioyl-coa, being a medium chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for medium chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, 3,4-dimethylideneheptanedioyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of 3,4-dimethylideneheptanedioyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts 3,4-dimethylideneheptanedioyl-CoA into 3_4-dimethylideneheptanedioylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, 3_4-dimethylideneheptanedioylcarnitine is converted back to 3,4-dimethylideneheptanedioyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of 3,4-dimethylideneheptanedioyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since 3,4-dimethylideneheptanedioyl-CoA is a medium chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of 3,4-dimethylideneheptanedioyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-C...

(4E,6Z)-3-Hydroxydeca-4,6-dienoyl-CoA

4-({[({[5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-3-(phosphonooxy)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy}(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy](hydroxy)phosphoryl}oxy)-2-hydroxy-N-[2-({2-[(3-hydroxydeca-4,6-dienoyl)sulphanyl]ethyl}-C-hydroxycarbonimidoyl)ethyl]-3,3-dimethylbutanimidic acid

C31H50N7O18P3S (933.2145790000001)

(4e,6z)-3-hydroxydeca-4,6-dienoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a (4E_6Z)-3-hydroxydeca-4_6-dienoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. (4e,6z)-3-hydroxydeca-4,6-dienoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 10 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. (4e,6z)-3-hydroxydeca-4,6-dienoyl-coa is therefore classified as a medium chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. (4e,6z)-3-hydroxydeca-4,6-dienoyl-coa, being a medium chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for medium chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, (4E,6Z)-3-Hydroxydeca-4,6-dienoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of (4E,6Z)-3-Hydroxydeca-4,6-dienoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts (4E,6Z)-3-Hydroxydeca-4,6-dienoyl-CoA into (4E_6Z)-3-Hydroxydeca-4_6-dienoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, (4E_6Z)-3-Hydroxydeca-4_6-dienoylcarnitine is converted back to (4E,6Z)-3-Hydroxydeca-4,6-dienoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of (4E,6Z)-3-Hydroxydeca-4,6-dienoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since (4E,6Z)-3-Hydroxydeca-4,6-dienoyl-CoA is a medium chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of (4E,6Z)-3-Hydroxydeca-4,6-dienoyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD ...

(6Z,8E)-3-Hydroxydeca-6,8-dienoyl-CoA

4-({[({[5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-3-(phosphonooxy)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy}(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy](hydroxy)phosphoryl}oxy)-2-hydroxy-N-[2-({2-[(3-hydroxydeca-6,8-dienoyl)sulphanyl]ethyl}-C-hydroxycarbonimidoyl)ethyl]-3,3-dimethylbutanimidic acid

C31H50N7O18P3S (933.2145790000001)

(6z,8e)-3-hydroxydeca-6,8-dienoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a (6Z_8E)-3-hydroxydeca-6_8-dienoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. (6z,8e)-3-hydroxydeca-6,8-dienoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 10 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. (6z,8e)-3-hydroxydeca-6,8-dienoyl-coa is therefore classified as a medium chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. (6z,8e)-3-hydroxydeca-6,8-dienoyl-coa, being a medium chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for medium chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, (6Z,8E)-3-Hydroxydeca-6,8-dienoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of (6Z,8E)-3-Hydroxydeca-6,8-dienoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts (6Z,8E)-3-Hydroxydeca-6,8-dienoyl-CoA into (6Z_8E)-3-Hydroxydeca-6_8-dienoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, (6Z_8E)-3-Hydroxydeca-6_8-dienoylcarnitine is converted back to (6Z,8E)-3-Hydroxydeca-6,8-dienoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of (6Z,8E)-3-Hydroxydeca-6,8-dienoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since (6Z,8E)-3-Hydroxydeca-6,8-dienoyl-CoA is a medium chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of (6Z,8E)-3-Hydroxydeca-6,8-dienoyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD ...

(4E,7E)-3-Hydroxydeca-4,7-dienoyl-CoA

4-({[({[5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-3-(phosphonooxy)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy}(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy](hydroxy)phosphoryl}oxy)-2-hydroxy-N-[2-({2-[(3-hydroxydeca-4,7-dienoyl)sulphanyl]ethyl}-C-hydroxycarbonimidoyl)ethyl]-3,3-dimethylbutanimidic acid

C31H50N7O18P3S (933.2145790000001)

(4e,7e)-3-hydroxydeca-4,7-dienoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a (4E_7E)-3-hydroxydeca-4_7-dienoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. (4e,7e)-3-hydroxydeca-4,7-dienoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 10 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. (4e,7e)-3-hydroxydeca-4,7-dienoyl-coa is therefore classified as a medium chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. (4e,7e)-3-hydroxydeca-4,7-dienoyl-coa, being a medium chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for medium chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, (4E,7E)-3-Hydroxydeca-4,7-dienoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of (4E,7E)-3-Hydroxydeca-4,7-dienoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts (4E,7E)-3-Hydroxydeca-4,7-dienoyl-CoA into (4E_7E)-3-Hydroxydeca-4_7-dienoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, (4E_7E)-3-Hydroxydeca-4_7-dienoylcarnitine is converted back to (4E,7E)-3-Hydroxydeca-4,7-dienoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of (4E,7E)-3-Hydroxydeca-4,7-dienoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since (4E,7E)-3-Hydroxydeca-4,7-dienoyl-CoA is a medium chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of (4E,7E)-3-Hydroxydeca-4,7-dienoyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD ...

(5Z,7E)-3-Hydroxydeca-5,7-dienoyl-CoA

4-({[({[5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-3-(phosphonooxy)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy}(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy](hydroxy)phosphoryl}oxy)-2-hydroxy-N-[2-({2-[(3-hydroxydeca-5,7-dienoyl)sulphanyl]ethyl}-C-hydroxycarbonimidoyl)ethyl]-3,3-dimethylbutanimidic acid

C31H50N7O18P3S (933.2145790000001)

(5z,7e)-3-hydroxydeca-5,7-dienoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a (5Z_7E)-3-hydroxydeca-5_7-dienoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. (5z,7e)-3-hydroxydeca-5,7-dienoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 10 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. (5z,7e)-3-hydroxydeca-5,7-dienoyl-coa is therefore classified as a medium chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. (5z,7e)-3-hydroxydeca-5,7-dienoyl-coa, being a medium chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for medium chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, (5Z,7E)-3-Hydroxydeca-5,7-dienoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of (5Z,7E)-3-Hydroxydeca-5,7-dienoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts (5Z,7E)-3-Hydroxydeca-5,7-dienoyl-CoA into (5Z_7E)-3-Hydroxydeca-5_7-dienoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, (5Z_7E)-3-Hydroxydeca-5_7-dienoylcarnitine is converted back to (5Z,7E)-3-Hydroxydeca-5,7-dienoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of (5Z,7E)-3-Hydroxydeca-5,7-dienoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since (5Z,7E)-3-Hydroxydeca-5,7-dienoyl-CoA is a medium chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of (5Z,7E)-3-Hydroxydeca-5,7-dienoyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD ...

nona-2,5-dienedioyl-CoA

9-({2-[(3-{[4-({[({[5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-3-(phosphonooxy)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy}(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy](hydroxy)phosphoryl}oxy)-1,2-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutylidene]amino}-1-hydroxypropylidene)amino]ethyl}sulphanyl)-9-oxonona-2,5-dienoic acid

C30H46N7O19P3S (933.1781956000001)

Nona-2,5-dienedioyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a nona-2_5-dienedioic acid thioester of coenzyme A. Nona-2,5-dienedioyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 9 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. Nona-2,5-dienedioyl-coa is therefore classified as a medium chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. Nona-2,5-dienedioyl-coa, being a medium chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for medium chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, nona-2,5-dienedioyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of nona-2,5-dienedioyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts nona-2,5-dienedioyl-CoA into nona-2_5-dienedioylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, nona-2_5-dienedioylcarnitine is converted back to nona-2,5-dienedioyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of nona-2,5-dienedioyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since nona-2,5-dienedioyl-CoA is a medium chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of nona-2,5-dienedioyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase catalyzes the addition of water across the newly formed double bond to make an alcohol. Third, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase ox...

nona-2,6-dienedioyl-CoA

C30H46N7O19P3S (933.1781956000001)

Nona-2,6-dienedioyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a nona-2_6-dienedioic acid thioester of coenzyme A. Nona-2,6-dienedioyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 9 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. Nona-2,6-dienedioyl-coa is therefore classified as a medium chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. Nona-2,6-dienedioyl-coa, being a medium chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for medium chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, nona-2,6-dienedioyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of nona-2,6-dienedioyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts nona-2,6-dienedioyl-CoA into nona-2_6-dienedioylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, nona-2_6-dienedioylcarnitine is converted back to nona-2,6-dienedioyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of nona-2,6-dienedioyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since nona-2,6-dienedioyl-CoA is a medium chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of nona-2,6-dienedioyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase catalyzes the addition of water across the newly formed double bond to make an alcohol. Third, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase ox...

nona-3,5-dienedioyl-CoA

C30H46N7O19P3S (933.1781956000001)

Nona-3,5-dienedioyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a nona-3_5-dienedioic acid thioester of coenzyme A. Nona-3,5-dienedioyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 9 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. Nona-3,5-dienedioyl-coa is therefore classified as a medium chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. Nona-3,5-dienedioyl-coa, being a medium chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for medium chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, nona-3,5-dienedioyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of nona-3,5-dienedioyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts nona-3,5-dienedioyl-CoA into nona-3_5-dienedioylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, nona-3_5-dienedioylcarnitine is converted back to nona-3,5-dienedioyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of nona-3,5-dienedioyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since nona-3,5-dienedioyl-CoA is a medium chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of nona-3,5-dienedioyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase catalyzes the addition of water across the newly formed double bond to make an alcohol. Third, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase ox...

(2E,7E)-nona-2,7-dienedioyl-CoA

C30H46N7O19P3S (933.1781956000001)

(2e,7e)-nona-2,7-dienedioyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a (2E_7E)-nona-2_7-dienedioic acid thioester of coenzyme A. (2e,7e)-nona-2,7-dienedioyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 9 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. (2e,7e)-nona-2,7-dienedioyl-coa is therefore classified as a medium chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. (2e,7e)-nona-2,7-dienedioyl-coa, being a medium chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for medium chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, (2E,7E)-nona-2,7-dienedioyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of (2E,7E)-nona-2,7-dienedioyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts (2E,7E)-nona-2,7-dienedioyl-CoA into (2E_7E)-nona-2_7-dienedioylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, (2E_7E)-nona-2_7-dienedioylcarnitine is converted back to (2E,7E)-nona-2,7-dienedioyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of (2E,7E)-nona-2,7-dienedioyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since (2E,7E)-nona-2,7-dienedioyl-CoA is a medium chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of (2E,7E)-nona-2,7-dienedioyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase catalyzes the add...

nona-3,6-dienedioyl-CoA

C30H46N7O19P3S (933.1781956000001)

Nona-3,6-dienedioyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a nona-3_6-dienedioic acid thioester of coenzyme A. Nona-3,6-dienedioyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 9 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. Nona-3,6-dienedioyl-coa is therefore classified as a medium chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. Nona-3,6-dienedioyl-coa, being a medium chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for medium chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, nona-3,6-dienedioyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of nona-3,6-dienedioyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts nona-3,6-dienedioyl-CoA into nona-3_6-dienedioylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, nona-3_6-dienedioylcarnitine is converted back to nona-3,6-dienedioyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of nona-3,6-dienedioyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since nona-3,6-dienedioyl-CoA is a medium chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of nona-3,6-dienedioyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase catalyzes the addition of water across the newly formed double bond to make an alcohol. Third, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase ox...

nona-2,4-dienedioyl-CoA

C30H46N7O19P3S (933.1781956000001)

Nona-2,4-dienedioyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a nona-2_4-dienedioic acid thioester of coenzyme A. Nona-2,4-dienedioyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 9 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. Nona-2,4-dienedioyl-coa is therefore classified as a medium chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. Nona-2,4-dienedioyl-coa, being a medium chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for medium chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, nona-2,4-dienedioyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of nona-2,4-dienedioyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts nona-2,4-dienedioyl-CoA into nona-2_4-dienedioylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, nona-2_4-dienedioylcarnitine is converted back to nona-2,4-dienedioyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of nona-2,4-dienedioyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since nona-2,4-dienedioyl-CoA is a medium chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of nona-2,4-dienedioyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase catalyzes the addition of water across the newly formed double bond to make an alcohol. Third, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase ox...

CoA 10:2;O

3-phosphoadenosine 5-{3-[(3R)-3-hydroxy-4-({3-[(2-{[2-hydroxy-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohexane-1-carbonyl]sulfanyl}ethyl)amino]-3-oxopropyl}amino)-2,2-dimethyl-4-oxobutyl] dihydrogen diphosphate}

C31H50N7O18P3S (933.2145790000001)

An oxo-fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxylic acid group of (3S)-3-isopropenyl-6-oxoheptanoic acid. An unsaturated fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxylic acid group of 3-isopropenyl-6-oxoheptanoic acid. A 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of 2-hydroxy-4-isopropenylcyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid.