Exact Mass: 397.24642500000004

C25H35NO3 (397.26168000000007)

CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 2304 INTERNAL_ID 2304; CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1)

3,4-dihydroxy-2-methyl-4-farnesyl-3H-quinolin-1-ium-1-olate

3,4-Dihydroxy-2-methy-4-[(2E,6E)-farnesyl]-3,4-dihydroquinoline 1-oxide

A member of the class of quinoline N-oxides that is 2-methyl-1-oxo-4-3,4-dihydroquinoline-3,4-diol carrying an additional (2E,6E)-farnesyl group at position 4.

Heliosupine

7-Angelyl-9-echimidinylheliotridine

C18H40NO6P (397.2593110000001)

Phytosphingosine-1-P

{[(2R,3R,4R)-2-amino-3,4-dihydroxyoctadecyl]oxy}phosphonic acid

Phytosphingosine-1-P is an intermediate in sphingolipid metabolism pathway. It is the enzymatic oxidation product of 4-hydroxysphinganine. Sphingolipids are essential components of the plasma membrane in all eukaryotic cells. S. cerevisiae cells make three complex sphingolipids: inositol-phosphoceramide (IPC), mannose-inositol-phosphoceramide (MIPC), and mannosyl-diinositol-phosphorylceramide (M(IP)2C) [ Dickson02 ]. In the yeast plasma membrane sphingolipids concentrate with ergosterol to form lipid rafts, specialized membrane microdomains implicated in a variety of cellular processes, including sorting of membrane proteins and lipids, as well as organizing and regulating signaling cascades [ Bagnat02 ]. Intermediates in sphingolipid biosynthesis have been shown to play important roles as signaling molecules and growth regulators. Sphingolipid long chain bases (LCBs), dihydrosphingosine (DHS) and phytosphingosine (PHS), have been implicated as secondary messengers in signaling pathways that regulate heat stress response. Other intermediates, phytoceramide and long-chain base phosphates (LCBPs), have been shown to be components of tightly-controlled ceramide/LCBP rheostat, which regulates cell growth. Since phosphoinositol-containing sphingolipids are unique to fungi, the sphingolipid biosynthesis pathway is considered a target for antifungal drugs. Phytosphingosine-1-p, also known as phs-1-phosphate, is a member of the class of compounds known as phosphosphingolipids. Phosphosphingolipids are sphingolipids with a structure based on a sphingoid base that is attached to a phosphate head group. They differ from phosphonospingolipids which have a phosphonate head group. Phytosphingosine-1-p is practically insoluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). Phytosphingosine-1-p can be found in a number of food items such as dandelion, common verbena, turmeric, and fennel, which makes phytosphingosine-1-p a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.

PGF2a ethanolamide

(5E)-7-[(1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-Dihydroxy-2-[(1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl]cyclopentyl]-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)hept-5-enimidate

C24H31NO4 (397.22529660000004)

PGF2a ethanolamide is a N-acylethanolamine. N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) constitute a class of lipid compounds naturally present in both animal and plant membranes as constituents of the membrane-bound phospholipid, N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine (NAPE). NAPE is composed of a third fatty acid moiety linked to the amino head group of the commonly occurring membrane phospholipid, phosphatidylethanolamine. NAEs are released from NAPE by phospholipase D-type hydrolases in response to a variety of stimuli. Transient NAE release and accumulation has been attributed a variety of biological activities, including neurotransmission, membrane protection, and immunomodulation in animals. N-oleoylethanolamine is an inhibitor of the sphingolipid signaling pathway, via specific ceramidase inhibition (ceramidase converts ceramide to sphingosine). N-oleoylethanolamine blocks the effects of TNF- and arachidonic acid on intracellular Ca concentration. (PMID: 12692337, 12056855, 12560208, 11997249) [HMDB] PGF2a ethanolamide is a N-acylethanolamine. N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) constitute a class of lipid compounds naturally present in both animal and plant membranes as constituents of the membrane-bound phospholipid, N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine (NAPE). NAPE is composed of a third fatty acid moiety linked to the amino head group of the commonly occurring membrane phospholipid, phosphatidylethanolamine. NAEs are released from NAPE by phospholipase D-type hydrolases in response to a variety of stimuli. Transient NAE release and accumulation has been attributed a variety of biological activities, including neurotransmission, membrane protection, and immunomodulation in animals. N-oleoylethanolamine is an inhibitor of the sphingolipid signaling pathway, via specific ceramidase inhibition (ceramidase converts ceramide to sphingosine). N-oleoylethanolamine blocks the effects of TNF- and arachidonic acid on intracellular Ca concentration. (PMID: 12692337, 12056855, 12560208, 11997249).

Drotaverine

(1Z)-1-[(3,4-diethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-6,7-diethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline

Drotaverine (INN, also known as drotaverin) is an antispasmodic drug, structurally related to papaverine. Drotaverine is a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 4, and has no anticholinergic effects. Drotaverine has been shown to possess dose-dependant analgesic effects in animal models. One small study has shown drotaverine to be eliminated mainly non-renally. A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A03 - Drugs for functional gastrointestinal disorders > A03A - Drugs for functional gastrointestinal disorders > A03AD - Papaverine and derivatives C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C66880 - Anticholinergic Agent > C29704 - Antimuscarinic Agent D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D010276 - Parasympatholytics D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D009294 - Narcotics > D053610 - Opiate Alkaloids D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C29698 - Antispasmodic Agent D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D014665 - Vasodilator Agents

Tetradeca-9,11-dienedioylcarnitine

3-[(13-carboxytrideca-9,11-dienoyl)oxy]-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoate

C21H35NO6 (397.24642500000004)

Tetradeca-9,11-dienedioylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an tetradeca-9,11-dienedioic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. Tetradeca-9,11-dienedioylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine Tetradeca-9,11-dienedioylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].

(6E,9E)-Tetradeca-6,9-dienedioylcarnitine

3-[(13-carboxytrideca-6,9-dienoyl)oxy]-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoate

C21H35NO6 (397.24642500000004)

(6E,9E)-Tetradeca-6,9-dienedioylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an (6E,9E)-tetradeca-6,9-dienedioic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. (6E,9E)-Tetradeca-6,9-dienedioylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine (6E,9E)-Tetradeca-6,9-dienedioylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].

(2E,4Z)-Tetradeca-2,4-dienedioylcarnitine

3-[(13-carboxytrideca-2,4-dienoyl)oxy]-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoate

C21H35NO6 (397.24642500000004)

(2E,4Z)-Tetradeca-2,4-dienedioylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an (2E,4Z)-tetradeca-2,4-dienedioic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. (2E,4Z)-Tetradeca-2,4-dienedioylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine (2E,4Z)-Tetradeca-2,4-dienedioylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].

N-Oleoyl Aspartic acid

2-(octadec-9-enamido)butanedioic acid

C24H31NO4 (397.22529660000004)

N-oleoyl aspartic acid, also known as N-oleoyl aspartate belongs to the class of compounds known as N-acylamides. These are molecules characterized by a fatty acyl group linked to a primary amine by an amide bond. More specifically, it is an Oleic acid amide of Aspartic acid. It is believed that there are more than 800 types of N-acylamides in the human body. N-acylamides fall into several categories: amino acid conjugates (e.g., those acyl amides conjugated with amino acids), neurotransmitter conjugates (e.g., those acylamides conjugated with neurotransmitters), ethanolamine conjugates (e.g., those acylamides conjugated to ethanolamine), and taurine conjugates (e.g., those acyamides conjugated to taurine). N-Oleoyl Aspartic acid is an amino acid conjugate. N-acylamides can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain N-acylamides; 2) medium-chain N-acylamides; 3) long-chain N-acylamides; and 4) very long-chain N-acylamides; 5) hydroxy N-acylamides; 6) branched chain N-acylamides; 7) unsaturated N-acylamides; 8) dicarboxylic N-acylamides and 9) miscellaneous N-acylamides. N-Oleoyl Aspartic acid is therefore classified as a long chain N-acylamide. N-acyl amides have a variety of signaling functions in physiology, including in cardiovascular activity, metabolic homeostasis, memory, cognition, pain, motor control and others (PMID: 15655504). N-acyl amides have also been shown to play a role in cell migration, inflammation and certain pathological conditions such as diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disease, and obesity (PMID: 23144998; PMID: 25136293; PMID: 28854168).N-acyl amides can be synthesized both endogenously and by gut microbiota (PMID: 28854168). N-acylamides can be biosynthesized via different routes, depending on the parent amine group. N-acyl ethanolamines (NAEs) are formed via the hydrolysis of an unusual phospholipid precursor, N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (NAPE), by a specific phospholipase D. N-acyl amino acids are synthesized via a circulating peptidase M20 domain containing 1 (PM20D1), which can catalyze the bidirectional the condensation and hydrolysis of a variety of N-acyl amino acids. The degradation of N-acylamides is largely mediated by an enzyme called fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), which catalyzes the hydrolysis of N-acylamides into fatty acids and the biogenic amines. Many N-acylamides are involved in lipid signaling system through interactions with transient receptor potential channels (TRP). TRP channel proteins interact with N-acyl amides such as N-arachidonoyl ethanolamide (Anandamide), N-arachidonoyl dopamine and others in an opportunistic fashion (PMID: 23178153). This signaling system has been shown to play a role in the physiological processes involved in inflammation (PMID: 25136293). Other N-acyl amides, including N-oleoyl-glutamine, have also been characterized as TRP channel antagonists (PMID: 29967167). N-acylamides have also been shown to have G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) binding activity (PMID: 28854168). The study of N-acylamides is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel N-acylamides will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered for these molecules.

1-(3,4-Diethoxybenzyl)-6,7-diethoxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline

1-[(3,4-diethoxyphenyl)methyl]-6,7-diethoxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline

4-Tetradecanamidobenzylphosphonic acid

[(4-tetradecanamidophenyl)methyl]phosphonic acid

C21H36NO4P (397.2381826000001)

Comfrey

7-({[2,3-dihydroxy-2-(propan-2-yl)butanoyl]oxy}methyl)-1-[(2-methylbut-2-enoyl)oxy]-1,2,3,4,5,7a-hexahydropyrrolizin-4-ium-4-olate

AMP-Deoxynojirimycin

2R-(hydroxymethyl)-1-[5-(tricyclo[3.3.2.13,7]dec-1-ylmethoxy)pentyl]-3R,4R,5S-piperidinetriol

4-(5H-Dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene)-1-[4-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)butyl]-piperidine

1-[4-(2H-1,2,3,4-tetrazol-5-yl)butyl]-4-{tricyclo[9.4.0.0^{3,8}]pentadeca-1(15),3,5,7,9,11,13-heptaen-2-ylidene}piperidine

C25H27N5 (397.22663420000003)

Methyl N-({(2s,3s)-3-[(Propylamino)carbonyl]oxiran-2-Yl}carbonyl)-L-Isoleucyl-L-Prolinate

N2-{1-[2-(methoxycarbonyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-3-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl}-N3-propyloxirane-2,3-dicarboximidate

C19H31N3O6 (397.2212746)

N-Acetyl-9-aminominocycline, (4R)-

6-[3-[1-(Dimethylamino)-2-methylpentan-3-yl]phenoxy]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid

AT-56

4-(5H-Dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene)-1-[4-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)butyl]-piperidine

C25H27N5 (397.22663420000003)

Asn Lys His

Alprostadil ethanolamide

dihydroprecondylocarpine acetate

C23H29N2O4+ (397.2127214)

An organic cation which is an intermediate in the biosynthetic pathway leading to the synthesis of the monoterpenoid indole alkaloids, catharanthine and tabersonine.

Heliosupin

(1S,7aR)-7-[({(2S)-2,3-dihydroxy-2-[(1S)-1-hydroxyethyl]-3-methylbutanoyl}oxy)methyl]-2,3,5,7a-tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrrol-1-yl (2Z)-2-methylbut-2-enoate

C18H40NO6P (397.2593110000001)

Heliosupine is an azabicycloalkane compound having angelyloxy and echimidinyloxymethyl substituents attached to the ring system. It is an azabicycloalkane, a diester and a 2-methylbut-2-enoic acid. It is functionally related to an angelic acid and an isocrotonic acid. Heliosupine is a natural product found in Cynoglossum australe, Paracaryum rugulosum, and other organisms with data available. See also: Comfrey Leaf (part of); Comfrey Root (part of). An azabicycloalkane compound having angelyloxy and echimidinyloxymethyl substituents attached to the ring system.

MMV026356

C20H27N7O2 (397.2226122)

Phytosphingosine-1-P

Gly Gly His Lys

(2S)-6-amino-2-[(2S)-2-[2-(2-aminoacetamido)acetamido]-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanamido]hexanoic acid

Gly Gly Lys His

(2S)-2-[(2S)-6-amino-2-[2-(2-aminoacetamido)acetamido]hexanamido]-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid

Gly His Gly Lys

(2S)-6-amino-2-{2-[(2S)-2-(2-aminoacetamido)-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanamido]acetamido}hexanoic acid

Gly His Lys Gly

2-[(2S)-6-amino-2-[(2S)-2-(2-aminoacetamido)-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanamido]hexanamido]acetic acid

Gly Lys Gly His

(2S)-2-{2-[(2S)-6-amino-2-(2-aminoacetamido)hexanamido]acetamido}-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid

Gly Lys His Gly

2-[(2S)-2-[(2S)-6-amino-2-(2-aminoacetamido)hexanamido]-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanamido]acetic acid