Exact Mass: 297.18593080000005

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 211

Oripavine

14-methoxy-4-methyl-12-oxa-4-azapentacyclo[9.6.1.0¹,¹³.0⁵,¹⁷.0⁷,¹⁸]octadeca-7(18),8,10,14,16-pentaen-10-ol

Alkaloid from opium poppy (Papaver somniferum). Oripavine is found in many foods, some of which are redcurrant, teff, muscadine grape, and date. D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D009294 - Narcotics > D053610 - Opiate Alkaloids Oripavine is an alkaloid from opium poppy (Papaver somniferum

neopinone

(4R,12bS)-9-methoxy-3-methyl-1,2,4,6,7a,13-hexahydro-4,12-methanobenzofuro[3,2-e]isoquinolin-7-one

The beta,gamma-unsaturated ketone resulting from the hydrolysis of the methyl enol ether group of thebaine. It is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of codeine and morphine in the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum.

Codeinone

(5α)-7,8-Didehydro-4,5-epoxy-3-methoxy-17-methylmorphinan-6-one

D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D009294 - Narcotics > D053610 - Opiate Alkaloids

(-)-Apoglaziovine

Suavedol

Spiro[2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,7(1H)-cyclopent[ij]isoquinolin]-4-one,2,3,8,8a-tetrahydro-6-hydroxy-5-methoxy-1-methyl-

C78276 - Agent Affecting Digestive System or Metabolism > C29701 - Anti-ulcer Agent

GA

CHEBI:5206

3-Hydroxyestra-1,3,5(10),7-tetraene-16,17-dione 16-oxime

Tuduranine

1,2-Dimethoxy-5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-4H-dibenzo[de,g]quinolin-10-ol

N-3-oxo-dodecanoyl-L-homoserine lactone

(±)-Aegeline

2-PROPENAMIDE, N-(2-HYDROXY-2-(4-METHOXYPHENYL)ETHYL)-3-PHENYL-, (E)-(+/-)-

(±)-Aegeline is found in fruits. (±)-Aegeline is an alkaloid from the leaves of Aegle marmelos (bael). Alkaloid from the leaves of Aegle marmelos (bael). (±)-Aegeline is found in fruits. Aegeline, a main alkaloid, mimics the yeast SNARE protein Sec22p in suppressing α-synuclein and Bax toxicity in yeast. Aegeline restores growth of yeast cells suppressed by either αsyn or Bax. Antioxidant activity[1]. Aegeline, a main alkaloid, mimics the yeast SNARE protein Sec22p in suppressing α-synuclein and Bax toxicity in yeast. Aegeline restores growth of yeast cells suppressed by either αsyn or Bax. Antioxidant activity[1].

(±)-Clausenamide

3-hydroxy-5-[hydroxy(phenyl)methyl]-1-methyl-4-phenylpyrrolidin-2-one

Neoclausenamide is found in fruits. Neoclausenamide is isolated from Clausena lansium (wampee). Isolated from the leaves of Clausena lansium (wampee). (±)-Clausenamide is found in fruits.

Lansamide 3

3,6-Dihydroxy-1-methyl-4,5-diphenyl-2-piperidinone

Lansamide 3 is found in fruits. Lansamide 3 is a constituent of Clausena lansium (wampee) Constituent of Clausena lansium (wampee). Lansamide 3 is found in fruits.

(+)-Erythraline

19-methoxy-5,7-dioxa-13-azapentacyclo[11.7.0.0¹,¹⁶.0²,¹⁰.0⁴,⁸]icosa-2(10),3,8,15,17-pentaene

(+)-Erythraline is found in green vegetables. (+)-Erythraline is an alkaloid from Erythrina glauca (gallito) Alitretinoin (9-cis-retinoic acid) is a naturally-occurring endogenous retinoid indicated for topical treatment of cutaneous lesions in patients with AIDS-related Kaposis sarcoma. Alitretinoin inhibits the growth of Kaposis sarcoma (KS) cells in vitro. Retinoic acid is the oxidized form of Vitamin A. It functions in determining position along embryonic anterior/posterior axis in chordates. It acts through Hox genes, which ultimately control anterior/posterior patterning in early developmental stages. Retinoic acid acts by binding to heterodimers of the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and the retinoid X receptor (RXR), which then bind to retinoic acid response elements (RAREs) in the regulatory regions of direct targets (including Hox genes), thereby activating gene transcription. Retinoic acid receptors mediate transcription of different sets of genes of cell differentiation, thus it also depends on the target cells. (+)-Erythraline is one of the target genes is the gene of the retinoic acid receptor itself which occurs during positive regulation. Control of retinoic acid levels is maintained by a suite of proteins. Retinoic acid is the oxidized form of Vitamin A. It functions in determining position along embryonic anterior/posterior axis in chordates. It acts through Hox genes, which ultimately controls anterior/posterior patterning in early developmental stages (PMID: 17495912). It is an important regulator of gene expression during growth and development, and in neoplasms. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal vitamin A, is essential for normal growth and embryonic development. (+)-Erythraline is an excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of psoriasis; acne vulgaris; and several other skin diseases. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (leukemia, promyelocytic, acute)

2-(4-Methyl-5-thiazolyl)ethyl decanoate

2-(4-Methyl-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)ethyl decanoic acid

C16H27NO2S (297.1762402)

2-(4-Methyl-5-thiazolyl)ethyl decanoate is used as a food additive [EAFUS] ("EAFUS: Everything Added to Food in the United States. [http://www.eafus.com/]") It is used as a food additive .

mono-isopropyl-disopyramide

2-phenyl-4-[(propan-2-yl)amino]-2-(pyridin-2-yl)butanimidic acid

C18H23N3O (297.1841028)

mono-isopropyl-disopyramide is a metabolite of disopyramide. Disopyramide (trade names Norpace and Rythmodan) is an antiarrhythmic medication used in the treatment of Ventricular Tachycardia. It is a sodium channel blocker and therefor classified as a Class 1a anti-arrhythmic agent. ’ Disopyramide has a negative inotropic effect on the ventricular myocardium, significantly decreasing the contractility. Disopyramide also has an anticholinergic effect on the heart which accounts for many adverse side effects. (Wikipedia) D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D010276 - Parasympatholytics

Nona-4,6-dienoylcarnitine

3-(nona-4,6-dienoyloxy)-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoate

Nona-4,6-dienoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an nona-4,6-dienoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. nona-4,6-dienoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a medium chain AC. As a medium-chain acylcarnitine nona-4,6-dienoylcarnitine is somewhat less abundant than short-chain acylcarnitines. These are formed either through esterification with L-carnitine or through the peroxisomal metabolism of longer chain acylcarnitines (PMID: 30540494). Many medium-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine octanoyltransferase (CrOT, EC:2.3.1.137) is responsible for the synthesis of all medium-chain (MCAC, C5-C12) and medium-length branched-chain acylcarnitines in peroxisomes (PMID: 10486279). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].

Nona-2,5-dienoylcarnitine

3-(Nona-2,5-dienoyloxy)-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoic acid

Nona-2,5-dienoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an nona-2,5-dienoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. nona-2,5-dienoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a medium chain AC. As a medium-chain acylcarnitine nona-2,5-dienoylcarnitine is somewhat less abundant than short-chain acylcarnitines. These are formed either through esterification with L-carnitine or through the peroxisomal metabolism of longer chain acylcarnitines (PMID: 30540494). Many medium-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine octanoyltransferase (CrOT, EC:2.3.1.137) is responsible for the synthesis of all medium-chain (MCAC, C5-C12) and medium-length branched-chain acylcarnitines in peroxisomes (PMID: 10486279). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].

Nona-5,7-dienoylcarnitine

3-(Nona-5,7-dienoyloxy)-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoic acid

Nona-5,7-dienoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an nona-5,7-dienoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. nona-5,7-dienoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a medium chain AC. As a medium-chain acylcarnitine nona-5,7-dienoylcarnitine is somewhat less abundant than short-chain acylcarnitines. These are formed either through esterification with L-carnitine or through the peroxisomal metabolism of longer chain acylcarnitines (PMID: 30540494). Many medium-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine octanoyltransferase (CrOT, EC:2.3.1.137) is responsible for the synthesis of all medium-chain (MCAC, C5-C12) and medium-length branched-chain acylcarnitines in peroxisomes (PMID: 10486279). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].

Nona-3,6-dienoylcarnitine

3-(nona-3,6-dienoyloxy)-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoate

Nona-3,6-dienoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an nona-3,6-dienoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. nona-3,6-dienoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a medium chain AC. As a medium-chain acylcarnitine nona-3,6-dienoylcarnitine is somewhat less abundant than short-chain acylcarnitines. These are formed either through esterification with L-carnitine or through the peroxisomal metabolism of longer chain acylcarnitines (PMID: 30540494). Many medium-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine octanoyltransferase (CrOT, EC:2.3.1.137) is responsible for the synthesis of all medium-chain (MCAC, C5-C12) and medium-length branched-chain acylcarnitines in peroxisomes (PMID: 10486279). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].

Nona-4,7-dienoylcarnitine

3-(nona-4,7-dienoyloxy)-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoate

Nona-4,7-dienoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an nona-4,7-dienoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. nona-4,7-dienoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a medium chain AC. As a medium-chain acylcarnitine nona-4,7-dienoylcarnitine is somewhat less abundant than short-chain acylcarnitines. These are formed either through esterification with L-carnitine or through the peroxisomal metabolism of longer chain acylcarnitines (PMID: 30540494). Many medium-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine octanoyltransferase (CrOT, EC:2.3.1.137) is responsible for the synthesis of all medium-chain (MCAC, C5-C12) and medium-length branched-chain acylcarnitines in peroxisomes (PMID: 10486279). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].

Nona-3,5-dienoylcarnitine

3-(nona-3,5-dienoyloxy)-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoate

Nona-3,5-dienoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an nona-3,5-dienoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. nona-3,5-dienoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a medium chain AC. As a medium-chain acylcarnitine nona-3,5-dienoylcarnitine is somewhat less abundant than short-chain acylcarnitines. These are formed either through esterification with L-carnitine or through the peroxisomal metabolism of longer chain acylcarnitines (PMID: 30540494). Many medium-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine octanoyltransferase (CrOT, EC:2.3.1.137) is responsible for the synthesis of all medium-chain (MCAC, C5-C12) and medium-length branched-chain acylcarnitines in peroxisomes (PMID: 10486279). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].

Nona-3,7-dienoylcarnitine

3-(nona-3,7-dienoyloxy)-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoate

Nona-3,7-dienoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an nona-3,7-dienoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. nona-3,7-dienoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a medium chain AC. As a medium-chain acylcarnitine nona-3,7-dienoylcarnitine is somewhat less abundant than short-chain acylcarnitines. These are formed either through esterification with L-carnitine or through the peroxisomal metabolism of longer chain acylcarnitines (PMID: 30540494). Many medium-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine octanoyltransferase (CrOT, EC:2.3.1.137) is responsible for the synthesis of all medium-chain (MCAC, C5-C12) and medium-length branched-chain acylcarnitines in peroxisomes (PMID: 10486279). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].

Nona-2,7-dienoylcarnitine

3-(Nona-2,7-dienoyloxy)-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoic acid

Nona-2,7-dienoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an nona-2,7-dienoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. nona-2,7-dienoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a medium chain AC. As a medium-chain acylcarnitine nona-2,7-dienoylcarnitine is somewhat less abundant than short-chain acylcarnitines. These are formed either through esterification with L-carnitine or through the peroxisomal metabolism of longer chain acylcarnitines (PMID: 30540494). Many medium-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine octanoyltransferase (CrOT, EC:2.3.1.137) is responsible for the synthesis of all medium-chain (MCAC, C5-C12) and medium-length branched-chain acylcarnitines in peroxisomes (PMID: 10486279). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].

(2E,6E)-Nona-2,6-dienoylcarnitine

3-(nona-2,6-dienoyloxy)-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoate

(2E,6E)-nona-2,6-dienoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an (2E,6E)-nona-2,6-dienoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. (2E,6E)-nona-2,6-dienoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a medium chain AC. As a medium-chain acylcarnitine (2E,6E)-nona-2,6-dienoylcarnitine is somewhat less abundant than short-chain acylcarnitines. These are formed either through esterification with L-carnitine or through the peroxisomal metabolism of longer chain acylcarnitines (PMID: 30540494). Many medium-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine octanoyltransferase (CrOT, EC:2.3.1.137) is responsible for the synthesis of all medium-chain (MCAC, C5-C12) and medium-length branched-chain acylcarnitines in peroxisomes (PMID: 10486279). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].

Nona-2,4-dienoylcarnitine

3-(Nona-2,4-dienoyloxy)-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoic acid

Nona-2,4-dienoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an nona-2,4-dienoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. nona-2,4-dienoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a medium chain AC. As a medium-chain acylcarnitine nona-2,4-dienoylcarnitine is somewhat less abundant than short-chain acylcarnitines. These are formed either through esterification with L-carnitine or through the peroxisomal metabolism of longer chain acylcarnitines (PMID: 30540494). Many medium-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine octanoyltransferase (CrOT, EC:2.3.1.137) is responsible for the synthesis of all medium-chain (MCAC, C5-C12) and medium-length branched-chain acylcarnitines in peroxisomes (PMID: 10486279). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].

N-Lauroyl Proline

1-dodecanoylpyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid

N-lauroyl proline belongs to the class of compounds known as N-acylamides. These are molecules characterized by a fatty acyl group linked to a primary amine by an amide bond. More specifically, it is a Lauric acid amide of Proline. It is believed that there are more than 800 types of N-acylamides in the human body. N-acylamides fall into several categories: amino acid conjugates (e.g., those acyl amides conjugated with amino acids), neurotransmitter conjugates (e.g., those acylamides conjugated with neurotransmitters), ethanolamine conjugates (e.g., those acylamides conjugated to ethanolamine), and taurine conjugates (e.g., those acyamides conjugated to taurine). N-Lauroyl Proline is an amino acid conjugate. N-acylamides can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain N-acylamides; 2) medium-chain N-acylamides; 3) long-chain N-acylamides; and 4) very long-chain N-acylamides; 5) hydroxy N-acylamides; 6) branched chain N-acylamides; 7) unsaturated N-acylamides; 8) dicarboxylic N-acylamides and 9) miscellaneous N-acylamides. N-Lauroyl Proline is therefore classified as a long chain N-acylamide. N-acyl amides have a variety of signaling functions in physiology, including in cardiovascular activity, metabolic homeostasis, memory, cognition, pain, motor control and others (PMID: 15655504). N-acyl amides have also been shown to play a role in cell migration, inflammation and certain pathological conditions such as diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disease, and obesity (PMID: 23144998; PMID: 25136293; PMID: 28854168).N-acyl amides can be synthesized both endogenously and by gut microbiota (PMID: 28854168). N-acylamides can be biosynthesized via different routes, depending on the parent amine group. N-acyl ethanolamines (NAEs) are formed via the hydrolysis of an unusual phospholipid precursor, N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (NAPE), by a specific phospholipase D. N-acyl amino acids are synthesized via a circulating peptidase M20 domain containing 1 (PM20D1), which can catalyze the bidirectional the condensation and hydrolysis of a variety of N-acyl amino acids. The degradation of N-acylamides is largely mediated by an enzyme called fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), which catalyzes the hydrolysis of N-acylamides into fatty acids and the biogenic amines. Many N-acylamides are involved in lipid signaling system through interactions with transient receptor potential channels (TRP). TRP channel proteins interact with N-acyl amides such as N-arachidonoyl ethanolamide (Anandamide), N-arachidonoyl dopamine and others in an opportunistic fashion (PMID: 23178153). This signaling system has been shown to play a role in the physiological processes involved in inflammation (PMID: 25136293). Other N-acyl amides, including N-oleoyl-glutamine, have also been characterized as TRP channel antagonists (PMID: 29967167). N-acylamides have also been shown to have G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) binding activity (PMID: 28854168). The study of N-acylamides is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel N-acylamides will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered for these molecules.

(-)-alpha-5,9-Dimethyl-2-(3-furylmethyl)-2'-hydroxy-6,7-benzomorphane

10-[(furan-3-yl)methyl]-1,13-dimethyl-10-azatricyclo[7.3.1.0^{2,7}]trideca-2(7),3,5-trien-4-ol

D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D009294 - Narcotics > D053610 - Opiate Alkaloids D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D009292 - Narcotic Antagonists

Decadienyl-l-carnitine

3-hydroxy-3-[(trimethylazaniumyl)methyl]trideca-4,6-dienoate

Glaziovine

11-hydroxy-10-methoxy-5-methyl-5-azaspiro[cyclohexane-1,2-tricyclo[6.3.1.0⁴,¹²]dodecane]-1(11),2,5,8(12),9-pentaen-4-one

C78276 - Agent Affecting Digestive System or Metabolism > C29701 - Anti-ulcer Agent

Glycyl-proline-1-naphthylamide

N-(2-aminoacetyl)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide

Ibuprofen piconol

(Pyridin-2-yl)methyl 2-[4-(2-methylpropyl)phenyl]propanoic acid

C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C241 - Analgesic Agent > C2198 - Nonnarcotic Analgesic

codeinone

10-methoxy-4-methyl-14-oxo-12-oxa-4-azapentacyclo[9.6.1.0¹,¹³.0⁵,¹⁷.0⁷,¹⁸]octadeca-7,9,11(18),15-tetraen-4-ium-4-yl

Codeinone is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Codeinone can be found in a number of food items such as japanese chestnut, leek, squashberry, and redcurrant, which makes codeinone a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Codeinone is 1/3 as active as codeine as an analgesic but it is an important intermediate in the production of hydrocodone, a painkiller about 3/4 the potency of morphine; as well as of oxycodone. The latter can also be synthesized from thebaine, however .

neopinone

10-methoxy-4-methyl-12-oxa-4-azapentacyclo[9.6.1.0¹,¹³.0⁵,¹⁷.0⁷,¹⁸]octadeca-7,9,11(18),16-tetraen-14-one

Neopinone is slightly soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Neopinone can be found in a number of food items such as root vegetables, fig, green bean, and cucurbita (gourd), which makes neopinone a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.

Stepharine

Spiro(2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,7(1H)-cyclopent(ij)isoquinolin)-4-one, 2,3,8,8a-tetrahydro-5,6-dimethoxy-, (R)-

An isoquinoline alkaloid with formula C18H19NO3 that is isolated from several species of Stephania. Origin: Plant; SubCategory_DNP: Isoquinoline alkaloids, Aporphine alkaloids, Proaporphine alkaloids Stepharine is a natural product found in Cocculus, Cocculus laurifolius, and other organisms with data available.

Coccolinine

O-Methylcoccoline

Penicillenol A2

Isopiline

Pseudoanibacanine

Zenkerine

SCHEMBL12635398

Nominine

Isococcolinine

Solorinine

Callimorphine

O9-(2-Methyl-2-acetoxybutanoyl)retronecine

Glaziovine

L-(-)-N-Methylcrotsparine

3-Hydroxynornuciferine

1-(2-morpholin-4-ylphenyl)-3-phenylurea

Oprea1_020862

Maybridge3_004431

ethylnaphthidate

(2S,3S,4S)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-3-methyl-7-methylidene-2-pentyl-2,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrrol-5-one

MMV688795

C18H23N3O (297.1841028)

Curassavinine

Streptovitacin A

(+-)-northebaine|(+/-)-Northebain|4,5alpha-epoxy-3,6-dimethoxy-morphina-6,8(14)-diene|Northebain|northebaine|rac-4,5alpha-epoxy-3,6-dimethoxy-morphina-6,8(14)-diene|Thebain

verpacamide D

C12H19N5O4 (297.1436974)

ZP-amide C

(E, E, E)-1-Piperettylpyrrolidine|1-piperettyl pyrrolidine|1-[1-Oxo-7(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2E,4E,6E-heptatrienyl]pyrrolidine|1-[1-oxo-7-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2E,4E,6E-heptatrienyl]-pyrrolidine|N-pyrrolidyl-7-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)hepta-2,4,6-trienamide

(E, E, E)-1-Piperettylpyrrolidine|1-piperettyl pyrrolidine|1-[1-Oxo-7(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2E,4E,6E-heptatrienyl]pyrrolidine|1-[1-oxo-7-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2E,4E,6E-heptatrienyl]-pyrrolidine|N-pyrrolidyl-7-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)hepta-2,4,6-trienamide

Streptovitacin C2

Nornuciferidine

Dihydroxygirinimbine

(?)-3-Hydroxynornuciferine

(2E,6E,8E)-2,6,8-Hexadecatrien-10-insaeure-(2,3-didehydropyrrolidid)|(2E,6E,8E)-2,6,8-Hexadecatrien-10-insaeure-<2,3-didehydropyrrolidid>

(6RS,11SR)-(2E,7E,9E)-6,11-dihydroxy-N-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-2,7,9-dodecatrienamide|ZP-amide E

2-methoxy-6-methyl-5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-4H-dibenzo[de,g]quinoline-1,11-diol|Isothebaidin

SCHEMBL277935

Viguine

Streptovitacin B

(2E,9Z)-pentadeca-2,9-dien-12,14-diynoic acid piperidine

N-methylcrotsparine

Norliridinine

(-)-[(3-hydroxy-6-pyridinyl) methyl]cytisine

J3.592.819G

clausenalansamide A

2-undecen-1?-yl-4-quinolone

2-benzyl-5-hydroxy-3-methyl-6-phenyl-1,3-oxazinan-4-one|claulansamide A

(2E,7Z,12Z)-2,7,12-Hexadecatrien-10-insaeure-(2,3-didehydropyrrolidid)|(2E,7Z,12Z)-2,7,12-Hexadecatrien-10-insaeure-<2,3-didehydropyrrolidid>

2,2-dimethyl-10-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-2,3,4,10-tetrahydro-pyrano[2,3-b]quinolin-5-one|Haplobucharin|Haplobucharine

hexadeca-2E, 7Z-dien-10-ynoic acid pyrrolide

SCHEMBL13236044

S-(+)-1-hydroxy-2,9-dimethoxynoraporphine

4-ethyl-9,13-dihydroxy-10-methoxy-5-methyl-11-oxa-4-aza-tricyclo[8.2.1.02,5]tridec-1-en-3-one|phyllostictine B

9-Hydroxy-1,2-dimethoxy-noraporphin

3-formamido-8-methoxybisabolane-9-en-10-ol

N-Methyl tyramine-O-??-L-rhamnopyranoside

NSC692297

(-)-Roemeronin|(1S)-3-methyl-(1rC2,2ac)-2a,3,4,5-tetrahydro-2H-spiro[cyclohex-2-ene-1,1-cyclopenta[ij][1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinolin]-4-one|remeronine|Roemeronin|roemeronine

brevianamide F

Lycosinin B

Pachyconfin|Pachyconfine

galipeine

Buchapine

A natural product found in Haplophyllum tuberculatum and Euodia roxburghiana.

N-(2-oxooxolan-3-yl)tridecanamide

Ala Ala His

C12H19N5O4 (297.1436974)

Ala His Ala

C12H19N5O4 (297.1436974)

L-Clausenamide

(3S,4R,5R)-3-hydroxy-5-[(S)-hydroxy(phenyl)methyl]-1-methyl-4-phenylpyrrolidin-2-one

L-Clausenamide is a natural product found in Clausena lansium with data available.

C11:db-UHQ aka 2-undecenyl-quinoloin-4(1H)-one position of double bond unknown

(E)-N-[2-hydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-phenylprop-2-enamide

NCGC00169378-02!(E)-N-[2-hydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-phenylprop-2-enamide

2-(3-hexyl-4-methyl-2,5-dioxopyrrol-1-yl)-3-hydroxybutanoic acid

NCGC00385456-01!2-(3-hexyl-4-methyl-2,5-dioxopyrrol-1-yl)-3-hydroxybutanoic acid

(2S,3S,4S)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-3-methyl-7-methylidene-2-pentyl-2,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrrol-5-one

NCGC00169585-02!(2S,3S,4S)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-3-methyl-7-methylidene-2-pentyl-2,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrrol-5-one

2-(undec-1-en-1-yl)quinolin-4-ol:Series 2 HAQ C11:1

Mono-isopropyl disopyramide

C18H23N3O (297.1841028)

N-methylasimilobine N-oxide

N-(3-Oxododecanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone

An N-acyl-L-homoserine lactone having 3-oxododecanoyl as the acyl substituent.

Solorinin

(2S,3S,4S)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-3-methyl-7-methylidene-2-pentyl-2,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrrol-5-one [IIN-based on: CCMSLIB00000847050]

NCGC00169585-02!(2S,3S,4S)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-3-methyl-7-methylidene-2-pentyl-2,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrrol-5-one [IIN-based on: CCMSLIB00000847050]

(E)-N-[2-hydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-phenylprop-2-enamide [IIN-based on: CCMSLIB00000845287]

NCGC00169378-02!(E)-N-[2-hydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-phenylprop-2-enamide [IIN-based on: CCMSLIB00000845287]

(E)-N-[2-hydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-phenylprop-2-enamide [IIN-based: Match]

NCGC00169378-02!(E)-N-[2-hydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-phenylprop-2-enamide [IIN-based: Match]

(2S,3S,4S)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-3-methyl-7-methylidene-2-pentyl-2,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrrol-5-one [IIN-based: Match]

NCGC00169585-02!(2S,3S,4S)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-3-methyl-7-methylidene-2-pentyl-2,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrrol-5-one [IIN-based: Match]

CP-409092

CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 538; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3075; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3073 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 538; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3089; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3087 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 538; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3061; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3060 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 538; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3079; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3077 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 538; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3075; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3074 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 538; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX506; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 3072; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 3071

Oripavine