Exact Mass: 193.0375062
Exact Mass Matches: 193.0375062
Found 500 metabolites which its exact mass value is equals to given mass value 193.0375062,
within given mass tolerance error 0.05 dalton. Try search metabolite list with more accurate mass tolerance error
0.01 dalton.
Gentioflavin
Gentioflavine is a delta-lactone.
Phenylacetylglycine
Phenylacetylglycine is an acyl glycine. Acyl glycines are normally minor metabolites of fatty acids. However, the excretion of certain acyl glycines is increased in several inborn errors of metabolism. In certain cases the measurement of these metabolites in body fluids can be used to diagnose disorders associated with mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation. Acyl glycines are produced through the action of glycine N-acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.13) which is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction:. acyl-CoA + glycine < -- > CoA + N-acylglycine. Phenylacetylglycine or PAG is a glycine conjugate of phenylacetic acid. Phenylacetic acid may arise from exposure to styrene (plastic) or through the consumption of fruits and vegetables. Phenylacetic acid is used in some perfumes, possessing a honey-like odour in low concentrations, and is also used in penicillin G production. PAG is a putative biomarker of phospholipidosis. Urinary PAG is elevated in animals exhibiting abnormal phospholipid accumulation in many tissues and may thus be useful as a surrogate biomarker for phospholipidosis. (PMID: 15764292) The presence of phenylacetylglycine in urine has been confirmed for dogs, rats and mice. However, the presence of this compound in human urine is controversial. GC-MS studies have not found this compound (PMID: 7492634) while NMR studies claimed to have identified it (PMID: 21167146). It appears that phenylacetylglycine may sometimes be mistaken for phenylacetylglutamine via NMR. Phenylacetylglycine is an acyl glycine. Acyl glycines are normally minor metabolites of fatty acids. However, the excretion of certain acyl glycines is increased in several inborn errors of metabolism. In certain cases the measurement of these metabolites in body fluids can be used to diagnose disorders associated with mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation. Acyl glycines are produced through the action of glycine N-acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.13) which is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction: Phenylacetylglycine is a gut microbial metabolite that can activate β2AR. Phenylacetylglycine protects against cardiac injury caused by ischemia/reperfusion[1]. Phenylacetylglycine is a gut microbial metabolite that can activate β2AR. Phenylacetylglycine protects against cardiac injury caused by ischemia/reperfusion[1].
L-Dopachrome
Dopachrome is a cyclization product of L-DOPA and is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of melanin. Dopaquinone has an ortho-quinone ring, which is known to be neurotoxic and highly reactive with many other compounds (PMID: 413870). Dopachrome spontaneously gives rise to 5,6-dihydroxyindole (DHI) or it can be enzymatically metabolized by dopachrome tautomerase to give 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid (DHICA). DHI and its oxidation products are also toxic to cells. Many Parkinsons patients are treated with L-DOPA. However, long-term treatment with L-DOPA may actually worsen symptoms or may result in neurotic and psychotic symptoms. These may be due to dopachrome and dopaquinone accumulating in the brain of L-DOPA treated patients (PMID: 19131041, PMID: 12373519). The non-decarboxylative tautomerization of L-dopachrome to 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid in the melanin biosynthetic pathway is catalyzed by Tyrosinase-related protein-2, a melanocyte-specific enzyme. (PMID 11095412) [HMDB]
5,6-Dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid
5,6-Dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid is an intermediate in the metabolism of Tyrosine. It is a substrate for Dopachrome tautomerase. [HMDB] 5,6-Dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid is an intermediate in the metabolism of Tyrosine. It is a substrate for Dopachrome tautomerase.
5,6-dihydroxy-3-methyl-5,6-dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-one
Cichorine
A member of the class of isoindoles that is 6-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindol-1-one which is substituted at position 4, 5, and 6 by methoxy, methyl, and hydroxy groups, respectively. A secondary metabolite found in Aspergillus silvativus, Aspergillus nidulans and Alternaria cichorii, it is poisonous to Russian knapweed (Acroptilon repens).
3-Amino-4,7-dihydroxycoumarin
A hydroxycoumarin that is 4,7-dihydroxycoumarin bearing an additional amino substituent at positions 3.
4-Hydroxy-5-phenyltetrahydro-1,3-oxazin-2-one
4-Hydroxy-5-phenyltetrahydro-1,3-oxazin-2-one is a metabolite of felbamate. Felbamate (marketed under the brand name Felbatol by MedPointe) is an anti-epileptic drug used in the treatment of epilepsy. It is used to treat partial seizures (with and without generalization) in adults and partial and generalized seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome in children. However, an increased risk of potentially fatal aplastic anemia and/or liver failure limit the drugs usage to severe refractory epilepsy. (Wikipedia)
Toxoflavin
A pyrimidotriazine that is 1,6-dimethyl-1,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrimido[5,4-e][1,2,4]triazine with oxo groups at positions 5 and 7.
D-Dopachrome
D-dopachrome is reversibly converted into 5,6-dihydroxyindole and carbon dioxide via the enzyme D-dopachrome decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.84). Cultured human melanoma cells contain this enzyme as well as human liver (PMID: 8267597). Dopaquinone has an ortho-quinone ring, which is known to be neurotoxic and highly reactive with many other compounds (PMID: 413870). D-dopachrome is reversibly converted to 5,6-dihydroxyindole and carbon dioxide via the enzyme D-dopachrome decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.84). (KEGG) Cultured human melanoma cells contain this enzyme as well as human liver. (PMID 8267597) [HMDB]
3-Carbamoyl-2-phenylpropionaldehyde
3-Carbamoyl-2-phenylpropionaldehyde is a metabolite of felbamate. Felbamate (marketed under the brand name Felbatol by MedPointe) is an anti-epileptic drug used in the treatment of epilepsy. It is used to treat partial seizures (with and without generalization) in adults and partial and generalized seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome in children. However, an increased risk of potentially fatal aplastic anemia and/or liver failure limit the drugs usage to severe refractory epilepsy. (Wikipedia)
5-Fluoroindole-3-acetic acid
D006133 - Growth Substances > D010937 - Plant Growth Regulators > D007210 - Indoleacetic Acids
S-(Allylthio)-L-cysteine
S-(Allylthio)-L-cysteine is found in onion-family vegetables. S-(Allylthio)-L-cysteine is isolated from garlic (Allium sativum). Potential nutriceutical. Isolated from garlic (Allium sativum). Potential nutriceutical. S-(Allylthio)-L-cysteine is found in garlic and onion-family vegetables.
Phosphocreatinine
Phosphocreatinine is found in milk.
6-Hydroxymethylpterin
6-hydroxymethylpterin, also known as 2-amino-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4(1h)-pteridinone, belongs to pterins and derivatives class of compounds. Those are polycyclic aromatic compounds containing a pterin moiety, which consist of a pteridine ring bearing a ketone and an amine group to form 2-aminopteridin-4(3H)-one. 6-hydroxymethylpterin is slightly soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 6-hydroxymethylpterin can be found in soy bean, which makes 6-hydroxymethylpterin a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.
5,6-Dioxo-3,7-dihydro-2H-indole-2-carboxylic acid
S-Allylmercaptocysteine
S-allylmercaptocysteine, also known as samc cpd, is a member of the class of compounds known as L-cysteine-s-conjugates. L-cysteine-s-conjugates are compounds containing L-cysteine where the thio-group is conjugated. S-allylmercaptocysteine is slightly soluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). S-allylmercaptocysteine can be found in soft-necked garlic, which makes S-allylmercaptocysteine a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.
trans-S-(1-Propenyl)-cysteine disulfide
Trans-s-(1-propenyl)-cysteine disulfide is slightly soluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). Trans-s-(1-propenyl)-cysteine disulfide can be found in soft-necked garlic, which makes trans-s-(1-propenyl)-cysteine disulfide a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.
(E)-omega-(methylsulfanyl)hexyl-thiohydroximate
C7H15NOS2 (193.05950199999998)
N2-Acetylguanine
relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.279 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.278 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.270 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.271 N2-Acetylguanine is a C2-modified guanine. N2-Acetylguanine binds GR (guanine-guanine riboswitch) with an Kd value of 300 nM. N2-Acetylguanine modulate transcriptional termination. N2-Acetylguanine has the potential for the research of antimicrobial agent[1].
S-(2-boronoethyl)-L-cysteine
L-cysteine substituted at sulfur by a 2-boronoethyl group. D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors
2(1H)-Quinolinone,4-chloro-1-methyl-
C10H8ClNO (193.02943879999998)
7-CHLORO-4-HYDROXY-2-METHYLQUINOLINE
C10H8ClNO (193.02943879999998)
methyl 5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate
3-(2-CHLOROPHENYL)-5-METHYLISOOXAZOLE
C10H8ClNO (193.02943879999998)
1H-Cyclopenta[4,5]pyrrolo[2,3-e]benzimidazole(9CI)
7-chloro-3-methyl-1H-indole-2-carbaldehyde
C10H8ClNO (193.02943879999998)
Methyl 4-oxo-3-piperidinecarboxylate hydrochloride
1H-Benzimidazole-5-carboxamide,2,3-dihydro-2-thioxo-(9CI)
N-METHYL-2-(METHYLTHIO)-1H-BENZO[D]IMIDAZOL-1-AMINE
7-Chloro-8-methyl-2(1H)-quinolinone
C10H8ClNO (193.02943879999998)
3-Oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazine-6-carboxylic acid
3,6-difluoropyridine-2-carboximidamide,hydrochloride
3-OXO-3,4-DIHYDRO-2H-BENZO[B][1,4]OXAZINE-5-CARBOXYLIC ACID
(R)-1-(2,5-Difluorophenyl)ethanamine hydrochloride
4-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-oxobutanenitrile
C10H8ClNO (193.02943879999998)
5-methyl-7-oxo-1H-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-2-carboxylic acid
Ethanone, 1-(6-chloro-1H-indol-3-yl)-
C10H8ClNO (193.02943879999998)
2,2,2-TRIFLUORO-1-(3-FLUOROPHENYL)ETHYLAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE
Methyl 2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1,3-benzoxazole-6-carboxylate
5-Chloro-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indole
C11H12ClN (193.06582219999999)
1-(3-AMINO-4,6-DIMETHYLTHIENO[2,3-B]PYRIDIN-2-YL)ETHANONE
Benzenamine,5-chloro-2-methoxy-, hydrochloride (1:1)
N-Methyl-1-naphthylamine hydrochloride
C11H12ClN (193.06582219999999)
4-(4-Chlorophenyl)1,2,3,6-
C11H12ClN (193.06582219999999)
4-AMINOMETHYL-1-(4-METHOXY-PHENYL)-PYRROLIDIN-2-ONE
8-CHLORO-4-METHYLQUINOLIN-2(1H)-ONE
C10H8ClNO (193.02943879999998)
1-methyl-2-(1,3-thiazol-2-yl)imidazole-4-carbaldehyde
NATRIUM-3-(METHOXYCARBONYL)-2-OXO-1,2,5,6-TETRAHYDROPYRIDINE4-OLAAT
C7H8NNaO4 (193.03510079999998)
3-(Chloromethyl)-5-phenylisoxazole
C10H8ClNO (193.02943879999998)
Potassium [(diethylamino)methyl]trifluoroborate
C5H12BF3KN (193.06519179999998)
8-chloro-2-methyl-1H-quinolin-5-one
C10H8ClNO (193.02943879999998)
7-chloro-2-methyl-4(1h)-quinolinone
C10H8ClNO (193.02943879999998)
N1-(3-ETH-1-YNYLPHENYL)-2-CHLOROACETAMIDE
C10H8ClNO (193.02943879999998)
Methyl 4-oxopiperidine-3-carboxylate hydrochloride
(3-OXO-3,4-DIHYDRO-2H-BENZO[B][1,4]OXAZIN-6-YL)BORONIC ACID
1-Amino-2-methylnaphthalene Hydrochloride
C11H12ClN (193.06582219999999)
4-Amino-1,1-dioxo-tetrahydro-2H-thiopyran-4-carboxylic acid
2-Benzothiazolecarboxylicacid,6-methyl-(7CI,8CI,9CI)
3-Methylpiperidin-4-one hydrobromide
C6H12BrNO (193.01022019999996)
2-amino-4-chloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile
2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-oxobutanenitrile
C10H8ClNO (193.02943879999998)
THIENO[3,2-B]PYRIDINE-6-CARBOXYLIC ACID METHYL ESTER
6-methoxy-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-4-amine
C6H6F3N3O (193.04629419999998)
Acetamide,2,2,2-trifluoro-N,N-di-2-propen-1-yl-
C8H10F3NO (193.07144459999998)
2-Methyl-7-oxo-4,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyriMidine-6-carboxylic acid
1H-Benzimidazole-4-carboxamide,2,3-dihydro-2-thioxo-
3-OXO-3,4-DIHYDRO-2H-BENZO[B][1,4]OXAZINE-8-CARBOXYLIC ACID
6,8-DIMETHYLQUINOLINE HYDROCHLORIDE
C11H12ClN (193.06582219999999)
4-Methoxy-6-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyrimidinamine
C6H6F3N3O (193.04629419999998)
7,8-difluoroquinoline-2-carbaldehyde
C10H5F2NO (193.03391839999998)
1H-Indole-3-carbonylchloride,1-methyl-(9CI)
C10H8ClNO (193.02943879999998)
4-(3-chlorophenyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
C11H12ClN (193.06582219999999)
3-CHLORO-4-METHYLQUINOLIN-2(1H)-ONE
C10H8ClNO (193.02943879999998)
5-Chloro-2-methyl-1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde
C10H8ClNO (193.02943879999998)
7-OXO-5,6,7,8-TETRAHYDROPYRIDO[2,3-D]PYRIMIDINE-4-CARBOXYLIC ACID
5-Methyl-4-oxo-1,4-dihydropyrrolo[1,2-f][1,2,4]triazine-6-carboxylic acid
(S)-1-(2,6-Difluorophenyl)ethanamine hydrochloride
4-BROMO-BUTYRIMIDIC ACID ETHYL ESTER
C6H12BrNO (193.01022019999996)
5-methyl-2-thiophen-2-yl-1,3-oxazole-4-carbaldehyde
3-Amino-4-hydroxy-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid
2-Cyano-4-fluoro-6-methyl-benzoic acid methyl ester
5-Chloro-7-methyl-1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde
C10H8ClNO (193.02943879999998)
3-OXO-3,4-DIHYDRO-2H-BENZO[B][1,4]THIAZINE-6-CARBALDEHYDE
Pyridine, 2-(chloromethyl)-5-Methoxy-, hydrochloride
5,7-difluoroquinoline-6-carbaldehyde
C10H5F2NO (193.03391839999998)
1H-Pyrazole-4-carboxamide, 1-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)
C6H6F3N3O (193.04629419999998)
6,7-Dihydro-5H-pyrrolo-[3,4-d]-pyrimidine dihydrochloride
(1-METHYL-3-THIEN-2-YL-1H-PYRAZOL-5-YL)METHYLAMINE 97
Thieno[2,3-c]pyridine-3-carbonitrile,2-amino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-6-methyl-
2-amino-4,4,4-trifluoro-n-butyric acid hydrochloride
4-(TERT-BUTYL)-2-CHLOROBENZONITRILE
C11H12ClN (193.06582219999999)
2-CHLORO-1-METHYL-1H-INDOLE-3-CARBALDEHYDE
C10H8ClNO (193.02943879999998)
1-(5-Chloro-1H-indol-3-yl)ethanone
C10H8ClNO (193.02943879999998)
3-CHLORO-3-(4-METHOXYPHENYL)ACRYLONITRILE
C10H8ClNO (193.02943879999998)
2-(CHLOROMETHYL)-6-METHYLPYRIDIN-3-OL HYDROCHLORIDE
2-(chloromethyl)-1H-quinolin-4-one
C10H8ClNO (193.02943879999998)
Potassium (t-butylaminomethyl)trifluoroborate
C5H12BF3KN (193.06519179999998)
2-(chloromethyl)-4-phenyl-1,3-oxazole
C10H8ClNO (193.02943879999998)
(Z)-3-chloro-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)acrylonitrile
C10H8ClNO (193.02943879999998)
2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methylbutyronitrile
C11H12ClN (193.06582219999999)
3-(BENZOYLTHIO)-2-METHYLPROPIONICACID
C10H8ClNO (193.02943879999998)
6-CHLORO-4-HYDROXY-8-METHYLQUINOLINE
C10H8ClNO (193.02943879999998)
8-CHLORO-4-HYDROXY-6-METHYLQUINOLINE
C10H8ClNO (193.02943879999998)
5-chloro-8-methyl-1H-quinolin-2-one
C10H8ClNO (193.02943879999998)
3-fluoro-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-2-carbaldehyde
1-(2-Fluorophenyl)-3-methyl-4,5-2H-1,2,4-triazol-one
Benzene, 1-[(1R)-1-isothiocyanatoethyl]-3-methoxy- (9CI)
Methyl 2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1,3-benzoxazole-5-carboxylate
3-Oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazine-7-carboxylicacid
2-(Chloromethyl)-5-phenyl-1,3-oxazole
C10H8ClNO (193.02943879999998)
2-naphthalenemethylamine hydrochloride
C11H12ClN (193.06582219999999)
2-Chloro-6-ethyl-5-fluoro-4-hydroxy pyrimidine ammonium salt
C6H9ClFN3O (193.04181459999998)
1-METHYL-1H-INDOLE-2-CARBONYL CHLORIDE
C10H8ClNO (193.02943879999998)
ethyl 4-hydroxy-5H-pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidine-7-carboxylate
2-(2-(methylthio)pyrimidin-4-yl)-3-oxopropanenitrile
6-Chloro-4-methylquinolin-2(1H)-one
C10H8ClNO (193.02943879999998)
(4R,5S)-(+)-4-METHYL-5-PHENYL-1,3-OXAZOLIDINE-2-THIONE
pyrrolidine-1-carboximidamide,hydrobromide
C5H12BrN3 (193.02145319999997)
2-[(4-CHLORO-[1,2,5]THIADIAZOL-3-YL)-METHYL-AMINO]-ETHANOL
C5H8ClN3OS (193.00765879999997)
5-Chloro-3-methyl-1H-indole-2-carbaldehyde
C10H8ClNO (193.02943879999998)
(S)-1-(2,4-Difluorophenyl)ethanamine hydrochloride
5-(CHLOROMETHYL)-3-PHENYLISOXAZOLE
C10H8ClNO (193.02943879999998)
D-Glucopyranuronic acid, ion(1-)
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5,7-Dimethylpyrimido[4,5-e][1,2,4]triazine-6,8-dione
p-Aminohippurate
C9H9N2O3- (193.06131440000001)
A hippurate that is the conjugate base of p-aminohippuric acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group. D019995 - Laboratory Chemicals > D007202 - Indicators and Reagents
2-Amino-4-oxo-4,7-dihydro-3H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide
Autoinducer-2
C5H10BO7- (193.05195600000002)
An organic anion that is a borate diester derived from a furanose and acts a universal signal molecule mediating intra- and interspecies communication among bacteria.
beta-D-glucuronate
A D-glucopyranuronate that has beta configuration at the anomeric centre.
Aldehydo-L-iduronate
An iduronate that is the conjugate base of aldehydo-L-iduronic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.
5-dehydro-D-Gluconate
A carbohydrate acid anion that is the conjugate base of 5-dehydro-D-gluconic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.
2-Dehydro-D-gluconate
A keto-D-gluconate that is the conjugate base of 2-dehydro-D-gluconic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.
aldehydo-D-glucuronate
A D-glucuronate resulting from the deprotonation of the carboxy group of aldehydo-D-glucuronic acid; the major species at pH 7.3.
(2S,4R,5S)-2,4,5,6-tetrahydroxy-3-oxohexanoate
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beta-D-Galacturonate
A D-galactopyranuronate that has beta configuration at the anomeric centre.
5-dehydro-L-gluconate
A ketogluconate that is the conjugate base of 5-dehydro-L-gluconic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group. Major microspecies at pH 7.3
(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyoxane-2-carboxylate
alpha-D-Galacturonate
A carbohydrate acid anion that is the conjugate base of alpha-D-galacturonic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3. D000074385 - Food Ingredients > D005503 - Food Additives > D010368 - Pectins
gamma-Thiomethyl glutamate
A glutamic acid derivative with a methylsulfanyl group at position 4.
3,4,5,6-Tetrahydroxy-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylate
3-[(2-Aminophenyl)amino]-2-oxopropanoate
C9H9N2O3- (193.06131440000001)
(2R,3S,4S,5R)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyoxane-2-carboxylate
(2R)-2-azaniumyl-3-(prop-2-enyldisulfanyl)propanoate
(2S,3S,4S,5S)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyoxane-2-carboxylate
(1-Methyl-4-oxo-2-imidazolidinylidene)phosphoramidic acid
Cremeomycin(1-)
A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of cremeomycin resulting from the deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.
(2R)-2-acetamido-3-[(R)-methylsulfinyl]propanoic acid
5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid
A dihydroxyindole that is indole-2-carboxylic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 6.
N-carboxy-L-methionine
A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-methionine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group bas been replaced by a carboxy group.
D-galactopyranuronate
A carbohydrate acid anion that is the conjugate base of D-galactopyranuronic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.
uranidine
A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 5, and 8. It is isolated from the sponge Aplysina aerophoba.
ferulate
A monocarboxylic acid anion obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group of ferulic acid.
D-glucopyranuronate
A carbohydrate acid anion that is the conjugate base of D-glucopyranuronic acid.
3-Dehydro-L-gulonate
The conjugate base of 3-dehydro-L-gulonic acid; major species at pH 7.3.
3,4,5,8-quinolinetetrol
A hydroxyquinoline that is quinoline substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 4, 5, and 8.