Homo-L-arginine
L-homoarginine, also known as N6-(aminoiminomethyl)-L-lysine or N6-amidino-L-lysine, is a member of the class of compounds known as L-alpha-amino acids. L-alpha-amino acids are alpha amino acids which have the L-configuration of the alpha-carbon atom. More specifically, L-homoarginine is a naturally occurring, non-proteinogenic, cationic amino acid. It is formed in the liver in a reaction catalyzed by L-arginine:glycine amidinotransferase (AGAT) when transferring the amidino group from arginine to lysine. It is an alternative substrate for nitric oxide (NO) synthase. L-homoarginine increases the availability of NO and thereby affects endothelial function. High homoarginine levels may exert positive actions that are relevant to cardiovascular health, including enhanced endothelial function, inhibition of platelet aggregation and stimulation of insulin secretion (PMID: 30866658). Recent studies have demonstrated that low serum homoarginine levels are a strong predictor of cardiovascular mortality (PMID: 24583919). L-homoarginine is a substrate of the human cationic amino acid CAT1 [solute carrier family 7 (SLC7A1)], CAT2A (SLC7A2A) or CAT2B (SLC7A2B) (PMID: 28684763). According to published human metabolomic data, L-homoarginine can be found primarily in blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and urine, as well as in human intestinal and testes tissues. Moreover, L-homoarginine has been found to be associated with liver cirrhosis and the genetic disorder, hyperargininemia. Homoarginine is an organ-specific uncompetitive inhibitor of human liver and bone alkaline phosphohydrolase (PMID: 5063678). H-HoArg-OH, a homologue arginine, is a strong inhibitor of human bone and liver alkaline phosphatase.
Homocitrulline
Homocitrulline is a metabolite that can be detected in larger amounts in the urine of individuals with urea cycle disorders (OMIM 238970). The accumulation of carbamylphosphate due to depleted supply of ornithine for the urea cycle may be responsible for the enhanced synthesis of homocitrulline and homoarginine in some cases (PMID 2474087). Homocitrulline has been identified in the human placenta (PMID: 32033212). Homocitrulline is a metabolite that can be detected in larger amounts in the urine of individuals with urea cycle disorders (OMIM 238970). The accumulation of carbamylphosphate due to depleted supply of ornithine for the urea cycle may be responsible for the enhanced synthesis of homocitrulline and homoarginine in some cases (PMID 2474087). [HMDB] L-Homocitrulline is metabolized to homoarginine through homoargininosuccinate via the urea cycle pathway and its metabolic abnormality could lead to Lysinuric Protein Intolerance (LPI). L-Homocitrulline is metabolized to homoarginine through homoargininosuccinate via the urea cycle pathway and its metabolic abnormality could lead to Lysinuric Protein Intolerance (LPI).
Chebulinic acid
Chebulinic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=18942-26-2 (retrieved 2024-09-27) (CAS RN: 18942-26-2). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).
Chebulinic_acid
2-[(4R,5S,7R,8R,11S,12S,13R,21S)-13,17,18-trihydroxy-2,10,14-trioxo-5,21-bis[(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxy]-7-[(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxymethyl]-3,6,9,15-tetraoxatetracyclo[10.7.1.14,8.016,20]henicosa-1(19),16(20),17-trien-11-yl]acetic acid is a natural product found in Terminalia chebula with data available. See also: Terminalia chebula fruit (part of).
L-Homocitrulline
A L-lysine derivative that is L-lysine having a carbamoyl group at the N(6)-position. It is found in individuals with urea cycle disorders. L-Homocitrulline is metabolized to homoarginine through homoargininosuccinate via the urea cycle pathway and its metabolic abnormality could lead to Lysinuric Protein Intolerance (LPI). L-Homocitrulline is metabolized to homoarginine through homoargininosuccinate via the urea cycle pathway and its metabolic abnormality could lead to Lysinuric Protein Intolerance (LPI).
Homoarginine
An L-lysine derivative that is the L-enantiomer of homoarginine. Homoarginine is a guanidino compounds of guanidinoethanesulfonic acid. It is an organ-specific uncompetitive inhibitor of human liver and bone alkaline phosphohydrolase. (PMID 5063678). L-Homoarginine is found in grass pea. H-HoArg-OH, a homologue arginine, is a strong inhibitor of human bone and liver alkaline phosphatase.
