NCBI Taxonomy: 167337
Chrysopogon zizanioides (ncbi_taxid: 167337)
found 85 associated metabolites at species taxonomy rank level.
Ancestor: Chrysopogon
Child Taxonomies: none taxonomy data.
Polylimonene
Dipentene appears as a colorless liquid with an odor of lemon. Flash point 113 °F. Density about 7.2 lb /gal and insoluble in water. Hence floats on water. Vapors heavier than air. Used as a solvent for rosin, waxes, rubber; as a dispersing agent for oils, resins, paints, lacquers, varnishes, and in floor waxes and furniture polishes. Limonene is a monoterpene that is cyclohex-1-ene substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4 respectively. It has a role as a human metabolite. It is a cycloalkene and a p-menthadiene. Limonene is a natural product found in Teucrium montanum, Xylopia aromatica, and other organisms with data available. Limonene, (+/-)- is a racemic mixture of limonene, a natural cyclic monoterpene and major component of the oil extracted from citrus rind with chemo-preventive and antitumor activities. The metabolites of DL-limonene, perillic acid, dihydroperillic acid, uroterpenol and limonene 1,2-diol are suggested to inhibit tumor growth through inhibition of p21-dependent signaling, induce apoptosis via the induction of the transforming growth factor beta-signaling pathway, inhibit post-translational modification of signal transduction proteins, result in G1 cell cycle arrest as well as cause differential expression of cell cycle- and apoptosis-related genes. Limonene is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A naturally-occurring class of MONOTERPENES which occur as a clear colorless liquid at room temperature. Limonene is the major component in the oil of oranges which has many uses, including as flavor and fragrance. It is recognized as safe in food by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). See also: Cannabis sativa subsp. indica top (part of); Larrea tridentata whole (part of). Constituent of many essential oils. (±)-Limonene is found in many foods, some of which are common oregano, nutmeg, herbs and spices, and summer savory. Dipentene is found in carrot. Dipentene is a constituent of many essential oils
(-)-beta-Pinene
(-)-beta-pinene is the (1S,5S)-enantiomer of beta-pinene. It is an enantiomer of a (+)-beta-pinene. (-)-beta-Pinene is a natural product found in Curcuma amada, Molopospermum peloponnesiacum, and other organisms with data available. Flavouring ingredient. (-)-beta-Pinene is found in many foods, some of which are almond, hyssop, sweet bay, and common sage. (-)-beta-Pinene is found in almond. (-)-beta-Pinene is a flavouring ingredient. The (1S,5S)-enantiomer of beta-pinene. β-Pinene ((-)-β-Pinene), a major component of turpentine, inhibit infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) with an IC50 of 1.32 mM. β-Pinene presents antimicrobial activity[1][2]. β-Pinene ((-)-β-Pinene), a major component of turpentine, inhibit infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) with an IC50 of 1.32 mM. β-Pinene presents antimicrobial activity[1][2].
beta-Myrcene
7-Methyl-3-methylene-1,6-octadiene, also known as beta-Myrcene or myrcene is an acyclic monoterpene. Monoterpenoids are terpenes that contain 10 carbon atoms and are comprised of two isoprene units. The biosynthesis of monoterpenes is known to occur mainly through the methyl-erythritol-phosphate (MEP) pathway in the plastids. beta-Myrcene is a significant component of the essential oil of several plants, including allspice, bay, cannabis, hops, houttuynia, lemon grass, mango, myrcia, verbena, west indian bay tree, and cardamom. It is also the main component of wild thyme, the leaves of which contain up to 40\\\\% by weight of myrcene. Industrially, it is produced mainly semi-synthetically from myrcia, from which it gets its name. Myrcene has been detected as a volatile component in cannabis plant samples (PMID:26657499 ) and its essential oils (PMID:6991645 ). beta-Myrcene is the most abundant monoterpene in Cannabis and it has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antibiotic, and antimutagenic activities. beta-Myrcene is a flavouring agent and it is used in the perfumery industry. It has a pleasant odor but is rarely used directly. It is a key intermediate in the production of several fragrances such as menthol, citral, citronellol, citronellal, geraniol, nerol, and linalool. Myrcene, [liquid] appears as a yellow oily liquid with a pleasant odor. Flash point below 200 °F. Insoluble in water and less dense than water. Beta-myrcene is a monoterpene that is octa-1,6-diene bearing methylene and methyl substituents at positions 3 and 7 respectively. It has a role as a plant metabolite, an anti-inflammatory agent, an anabolic agent, a fragrance, a flavouring agent and a volatile oil component. Myrcene is a natural product found in Teucrium montanum, Xylopia aromatica, and other organisms with data available. 7-Methyl-3-methylene-1,6-octadiene is found in allspice. 7-Methyl-3-methylene-1,6-octadiene is found in many essential oils, e.g. hop oil. 7-Methyl-3-methylene-1,6-octadiene is a flavouring agent. Myrcene is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. See also: Caraway Oil (part of); Mandarin oil (part of); Juniper Berry Oil (part of) ... View More ... A monoterpene that is octa-1,6-diene bearing methylene and methyl substituents at positions 3 and 7 respectively. Found in many essential oils, e.g. hop oil. Flavouring agent Myrcene (β-Myrcene), an aromatic volatile compound, suppresses TNFα-induced NF-κB activity. Myrcene has anti-invasive effect[1][2]. Myrcene (β-Myrcene), an aromatic volatile compound, suppresses TNFα-induced NF-κB activity. Myrcene has anti-invasive effect[1][2].
Thymol
Thymol is a phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene. It has a role as a volatile oil component. It is a member of phenols and a monoterpenoid. It derives from a hydride of a p-cymene. A phenol obtained from thyme oil or other volatile oils. It is used as a stabilizer in pharmaceutic preparations. It has been used for its antiseptic, antibacterial, and antifungal actions, and was formerly used as a vermifuge. (Dorland, 28th ed) Thymol is a natural product found in Xylopia aromatica, Xylopia sericea, and other organisms with data available. A phenol obtained from thyme oil or other volatile oils used as a stabilizer in pharmaceutical preparations, and as an antiseptic (antibacterial or antifungal) agent. See also: Paeonia lactiflora root (part of); Elymus repens root (part of); Eucalyptol; thymol (component of) ... View More ... Thymol is a phenol obtained from thyme oil or other volatile oils. It is used as a stabilizer in pharmaceutic preparations. It has been used for its antiseptic, antibacterial, and antifungal actions, and was formerly used as a vermifuge. Thymol is a monoterpene phenol derivative of cymene, C10H13OH, isomeric with carvacrol, found in oil of thyme, and extracted as a white crystalline substance of a pleasant aromatic odor and strong antiseptic properties. It is also called "hydroxy cymene". In a 1994 report released by five top cigarette companies, thymol is one of the 599 additives to cigarettes. Its use or purpose, however, is unknown, like most cigarette additives. Found in many essential oils. Especies found in the Labiatae. Rich sources are thyme oil, seed oil of Ptychotis ajowan and oils of horsemint (Monarda punctata) and Ocimum subspecies Flavouring ingredient C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C28394 - Topical Anti-Infective Agent D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000935 - Antifungal Agents A phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene. Thymol is the main monoterpene phenol occurring in essential oils isolated from plants belonging to the Lamiaceae family, and other plants such as those belonging to the Verbenaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Ranunculaceae and Apiaceae families. Thymol has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antifungal effects[1]. Thymol is the main monoterpene phenol occurring in essential oils isolated from plants belonging to the Lamiaceae family, and other plants such as those belonging to the Verbenaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Ranunculaceae and Apiaceae families. Thymol has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antifungal effects[1].
gamma-Cadinene
(-)-gamma-cadinene is a member of the cadinene family of sesquiterpenes in which the isopropyl group is cis to the hydrogen at the adjacent bridgehead carbon (the 1R,4aS,8aS enantiomer). It has a role as a metabolite. It is a cadinene, a member of octahydronaphthalenes and a gamma-cadinene. It is an enantiomer of a (+)-gamma-cadinene. (-)-gamma-Cadinene is a natural product found in Xylopia sericea, Chromolaena odorata, and other organisms with data available. A member of the cadinene family of sesquiterpenes in which the isopropyl group is cis to the hydrogen at the adjacent bridgehead carbon (the 1R,4aS,8aS enantiomer). gamma-Cadinene is found in allspice. gamma-Cadinene is a constituent of citronella oil.
(+)-alpha-Pinene
alpha-Pinene (CAS: 80-56-8) is an organic compound of the terpene class and is one of two isomers of pinene. It is found in the oils of many species of many coniferous trees, notably the pine. It is also found in the essential oil of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis). Both enantiomers are known in nature. 1S,5S- or (-)-alpha-pinene is more common in European pines, whereas the 1R,5R- or (+)-alpha-isomer is more common in North America. The racemic mixture is present in some oils such as eucalyptus oil (Wikipedia). alpha-Pinene is an organic compound of the terpene class, one of two isomers of pinene. It is found in the oils of many species of many coniferous trees, notably the pine. It is also found in the essential oil of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis). Both enantiomers are known in nature; 1S,5S- or (-)-alpha-pinene is more common in European pines, whereas the 1R,5R- or (+)-alpha-isomer is more common in North America. The racemic mixture is present in some oils such as eucalyptus oil. (+)-alpha-pinene is the (+)-enantiomer of alpha-pinene. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a human metabolite. It is an enantiomer of a (-)-alpha-pinene. (+)-alpha-Pinene is a natural product found in Juniperus drupacea, Eucalyptus deglupta, and other organisms with data available. The (+)-enantiomer of alpha-pinene. (1R)-α-Pinene is a volatile monoterpene with antimicrobial activities. (1R)-α-Pinene reduces Bacillus cereus population growth, and exhibits repellent effects[1][2]. (1R)-α-Pinene is a volatile monoterpene with antimicrobial activities. (1R)-α-Pinene reduces Bacillus cereus population growth, and exhibits repellent effects[1][2].
alpha-Cadinol
alpha-Cadinol is found in cloves. alpha-Cadinol is a constituent of Juniperus communis (juniper)
Camphene
Camphene, also known as 2,2-dimethyl-3-methylenebicyclo[2.2.1]heptane or 2,2-dimethyl-3-methylenenorbornane, is a member of the class of compounds known as bicyclic monoterpenoids. Bicyclic monoterpenoids are monoterpenoids containing exactly 2 rings, which are fused to each other. Monoterpenoids are terpenes that contain 10 carbon atoms and are comprised of two isoprene units. The biosynthesis of monoterpenes is known to occur mainly through the methyl-erythritol-phosphate (MEP) pathway in plastids (PMID:7640522 ). Geranyl diphosphate (GPP) is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of cyclic monoterpenes. GPP undergoes several cyclization reactions to yield a diverse number of cyclic arrangements. Camphene is nearly insoluble in water but very soluble in common organic solvents. It volatilizes readily at room temperature and has a pungent smell. It exists as a flammable, white solid that has a minty, citrus, eucalyptus odor. It is produced industrially by catalytic isomerization of the more common alpha-pinene. Camphene is used in the preparation of fragrances and in food additives for flavouring. In the mid-19th century it was used as a fuel for lamps, but this was limited by its explosiveness. Camphene exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to plants to humans. Camphene can be found in a number of food items such as dill, carrots, caraway, hyssop, lemon, orange, nutmeg seed, parsley, sage, thyme, turmeric and fennel, which makes camphene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. It is a minor constituent of many essential oils such as turpentine, cypress oil, camphor oil, citronella oil, neroli, ginger oil, and valerian. Camphene is one of several monoterpenes that are found in cannabis plants (PMID:6991645 ). Camphene, also known as 2,2-dimethyl-3-methylenebicyclo[2.2.1]heptane or 2,2-dimethyl-3-methylenenorbornane, is a member of the class of compounds known as bicyclic monoterpenoids. Bicyclic monoterpenoids are monoterpenoids containing exactly 2 rings, which are fused to each other. Camphene is a camphor, fir needle, and herbal tasting compound and can be found in a number of food items such as cardamom, yellow bell pepper, common thyme, and coriander, which makes camphene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Camphene can be found primarily in feces and saliva. Camphene exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. Camphene is a bicyclic monoterpene. It is nearly insoluble in water, but very soluble in common organic solvents. It volatilizes readily at room temperature and has a pungent smell. It is a minor constituent of many essential oils such as turpentine, cypress oil, camphor oil, citronella oil, neroli, ginger oil, and valerian. It is produced industrially by catalytic isomerization of the more common alpha-pinene. Camphene is used in the preparation of fragrances and as a food additive for flavoring. Its mid-19th century use as a fuel for lamps was limited by its explosiveness .
2-Furancarboxaldehyde
2-furancarboxaldehyde, also known as furaldehyde or 2-formylfuran, is a member of the class of compounds known as aryl-aldehydes. Aryl-aldehydes are compounds containing an aldehyde group directly attached to an aromatic ring. 2-furancarboxaldehyde is soluble (in water) and an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). 2-furancarboxaldehyde is a sweet, almond, and baked tasting compound and can be found in a number of food items such as coriander, cocoa bean, red raspberry, and rice, which makes 2-furancarboxaldehyde a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. 2-furancarboxaldehyde can be found primarily in feces and urine. 2-furancarboxaldehyde exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. 2-Furancarboxaldehyde, also known as 2-furaldehyde or a-furole, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as aryl-aldehydes. Aryl-aldehydes are compounds containing an aldehyde group directly attached to an aromatic ring. 2-Furancarboxaldehyde is found in allspice and it is also a flavour ingredient. 2-Furancarboxaldehyde is present in coffee, calamus, matsutake mushroom (Tricholoma matsutake), pumpkin, malt, peated malt, Bourbon vanilla, Lambs lettuce, pimento leaf and various fruits, e.g. apple, apricot, sweet cherry, morello cherry, orange, grapefruit, Chinese quince and a common constituent of essential oils. Furfural is an organic compound derived from a variety of agricultural byproducts, including corncobs, oat, wheat bran, and sawdust.
p-Cymene
Cymene, or p-cymene also known as p-cymol or isopropyltoluene, is a naturally occurring aromatic organic compound. It is classified as a hydrocarbon related to a monoterpene. Its structure consists of a benzene ring para-substituted with a methyl group and an isopropyl group. It is insoluble in water, but miscible with ethanol and ether. Cymene is a constituent of a number of essential oils, most commonly the oil of cumin and thyme. There are two less common geometric isomers. o-Cymene, in which the alkyl groups are ortho-substituted, and m-cymene, in which they are meta-substituted. p-Cymene is the only natural isomer. Cymene is a common ligand for ruthenium. V. widely distributed in plant oils e.g. terpentine and citrus oils and many others. It is used in flavour industries. 1-Isopropyl-4-methylbenzene is found in many foods, some of which are green bell pepper, lemon balm, saffron, and sweet basil.
Octane
Octane, also known as N-oktanis a hydrocarbon and an alkane with the chemical formula C8H18, and the condensed structural formula CH3(CH2)6CH3. Octane has many structural isomers that differ by the amount and location of branching in the carbon chain. One of these isomers, 2,2,4-trimethylpentane (commonly called iso-octane) is used as one of the standard values in the octane rating scale. Octane belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alkanes. These are acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbons having the general formula CnH2n+2, and therefore consisting entirely of hydrogen atoms and saturated carbon atoms. Thus, octane is considered to be a hydrocarbon lipid molecule. Octane is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Octane is an alkane and gasoline tasting compound. Outside of the human body, octane has been detected, but not quantified in several different foods, such as pepper (Capsicum annuum), celery stalks, cauliflowers, alcoholic beverages, and corns. One of the isomers, 2,2,4-trimethylpentane or isooctane, is of major importance, as it has been selected as the 100 point on the octane rating scale, with n-heptane as the zero point. Octane is an alkane with the chemical formula C8H18. Octane is a potentially toxic compound. Treatment is mainly symptomatic and supportive. It has 18 isomers. Octane ratings are ratings used to represent the anti-knock performance of petroleum-based fuels (octane is less likely to prematurely combust under pressure than heptane), given as the percentage of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane in an 2,2,4-trimethylpentane / n-heptane mixture that would have the same performance. Found in hop oil
alpha-Cedrene
Alpha-cedrene, also known as (-)-α-cedrene or beta-cedrene, is a member of the class of compounds known as cedrane and isocedrane sesquiterpenoids. Cedrane and isocedrane sesquiterpenoids are sesquiternoids with a structure based on the cedrane or the isocedrane skeleton. Cedrane is a tricyclic molecules a 3,6,8,8-tetramethyl-1H-3a,7-methano-azulene moiety. Isocedrane is a rearranged cedrane arising from the migration of methyl group moved from the 6-position to the 4-position. Thus, alpha-cedrene is considered to be an isoprenoid lipid molecule. Alpha-cedrene is a sweet, cedar, and fresh tasting compound and can be found in a number of food items such as tarragon, peppermint, wild celery, and common sage, which makes alpha-cedrene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Alpha-cedrene can be found primarily in urine. alpha-Cedrene alpha-Cedrene is one of the two isomers of cedrene. Cedrene is a sesquiterpene found in the essential oil of cedar. There are two isomers of cedrene, (-)-alpha-cedrene and (+)-beta-cedrene, which differ in the position of a double bond (Wikipedia) (-)-Cedrene (α-cedrene) is a sesquiterpene constituent of cedarwood oils, with anti-leukemic, antimicrobial and anti-obesity activities[1]. (-)-Cedrene (α-cedrene) is a sesquiterpene constituent of cedarwood oils, with anti-leukemic, antimicrobial and anti-obesity activities[1]. (-)-Cedrene (α-cedrene) is a sesquiterpene constituent of cedarwood oils, with anti-leukemic, antimicrobial and anti-obesity activities[1]. (-)-Cedrene (α-cedrene) is a sesquiterpene constituent of cedarwood oils, with anti-leukemic, antimicrobial and anti-obesity activities[1].
Pinene
Pinene (is a bicyclic monoterpene chemical compound. There are two structural isomers of pinene found in nature: alpha-pinene and beta-pinene. As the name suggests, both forms are important constituents of pine resin; they are also found in the resins of many other conifers, as well as in non-coniferous plants. Both isomers are used by many insects in their chemical communication system.
β-Pinene
An isomer of pinene with an exocyclic double bond. It is a component of essential oils from many plants.
Widely distributed in plants, usually associated with a-Pinene
2-Pentylfuran
2-pentylfuran is a member of the class of compounds known as heteroaromatic compounds. Heteroaromatic compounds are compounds containing an aromatic ring where a carbon atom is linked to an hetero atom. 2-pentylfuran is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). 2-pentylfuran is a beany, butter, and earthy tasting compound and can be found in a number of food items such as yellow bell pepper, pepper (c. annuum), nuts, and watermelon, which makes 2-pentylfuran a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. 2-pentylfuran can be found primarily in feces, saliva, and urine. 2-pentylfuran exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. 2-pentylfuran is a colourless to light yellow liquid that is not known to be produced by mammalian metabolism. It is present in many foods including alcoholic beverages, coffee, potatoes, tomatoes, roasted filberts, and soybean oil, and it is also a component of the aroma of these foods. 2-pentylfuran is a flavouring ingredient. 2-pentylfuran belongs to the furan family which is characterized by a furan ring (a five-member aromatic ring with one oxygen atom and four carbon atoms). A study showed that 2-pentylfuran is found in the breath of patients with Aspergillus fumigatus infections (PMID:19301177). 2-pentylfuran is a member of the class of furans that is furan in which the hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a pentyl group. It is found in many heat-processed foods and drinks. It has a role as an Aspergillus metabolite, a human urinary metabolite, a volatile oil component, an insect repellent, a flavouring agent, a plant growth stimulator and a bacterial metabolite. 2-Pentylfuran is a natural product found in Vitis rotundifolia, Astragalus mongholicus, and other organisms with data available. 2-pentylfuran is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A member of the class of furans that is furan in which the hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a pentyl group. It is found in many heat-processed foods and drinks. 2-Pentylfuran is the compound isolated from steam volatile oils obtained from potatoes at atmospheric pressure[1]. 2-Pentylfuran is the compound isolated from steam volatile oils obtained from potatoes at atmospheric pressure[1].
2-Butylfuran
2-Butylfuran is a constituent of numerous plant species and cooked foods including chick pea and carob bean. Constituent of numerous plant subspecies and cooked foods including chick pea and carob bean
3,4-Dihydrocadalene
Constituent of hop, sweet flag, Juniperus and other oils. 3,4-Dihydrocadalene is found in many foods, some of which are root vegetables, rosemary, herbs and spices, and alcoholic beverages. 3,4-Dihydrocadalene is found in alcoholic beverages. 3,4-Dihydrocadalene is a constituent of hop, sweet flag, Juniperus and other oils.
gamma-Muurolene
gamma-Muurolene is found in carrot. gamma-Muurolene is a constituent of Pinus sylvestris (Scotch pine).
(-)-3-Thujene
Xi-3-thujene, also known as alpha-thujen or 5-isopropyl-2-methylbicyclo[3.1.0]hex-2-ene, is a member of the class of compounds known as bicyclic monoterpenoids. Bicyclic monoterpenoids are monoterpenoids containing exactly 2 rings, which are fused to each other. Xi-3-thujene can be found in herbs and spices, which makes xi-3-thujene a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. xi-3-Thujene is found in herbs and spices. xi-3-Thujene is isolated from Indian olibanum tree (Boswellia serrata), Eucalyptus species, dill, juniper, coriander and many other plant oils. (Opt. rotn. frequently not reported).
2-Acetyl-5-methylfuran
Isolated from raisins, roasted onion, French fried potato, tomato, smoked fatty fish, cooked beef, fried cured pork, beer, spirits, black tea, wild rice, squid and coffee aroma. Organoleptic and flavouring agent. 2-Acetyl-5-methylfuran is found in many foods, some of which are tea, potato, alcoholic beverages, and cereals and cereal products. 2-Acetyl-5-methylfuran is found in alcoholic beverages. 2-Acetyl-5-methylfuran is isolated from raisins, roasted onion, French fried potato, tomato, smoked fatty fish, cooked beef, fried cured pork, beer, spirits, black tea, wild rice, squid and coffee aroma. 2-Acetyl-5-methylfuran is organoleptic and flavouring agent.
Tiglic aldehyde
Tiglic aldehyde is found in animal foods. Tiglic aldehyde is isolated from chives (Allium schoenoprasum). Also present in onion, tomato, cheeses, Scotch, spearmint oil, tangerine peel oil, cooked chicken and other foods. Tiglic aldehyde is a flavour ingredient trans-2-Methyl-2-butenal is an organic compound with the formula CH3CH=C(CH3)CHO. This colorless liquid is a building block in organic synthesis. It is an , -unsaturated aldehyde related to the better known crotonaldehyde Isolated from chives (Allium schoenoprasum)and is also present in onion, tomato, cheeses, Scotch, spearmint oil, tangerine peel oil, cooked chicken and other foods. Flavour ingredient
cis-Carane
cis-Carane belongs to the class of organic compounds known as bicyclic monoterpenoids. These are monoterpenoids containing exactly 2 rings, which are fused to each other.
1-Phenylethyl acetate
1-Phenylethyl acetate is found in cloves. 1-Phenylethyl acetate is a flavouring ingredient. 1-Phenylethyl acetate is present in gardenia flower oi 1-Phenylethyl acetate is a flavouring ingredient. It is found in gardenia flower oil and cloves.
Thymol
Thymol Sulfate is also known as Thymol sulfuric acid. Thymol Sulfate is considered to be practically insoluble (in water) and acidic. Thymol (also known as 2-isopropyl-5-methylphenol, IPMP), C10H14O, is a natural monoterpenoid phenol derivative of p-Cymene, isomeric with carvacrol, found in oil of thyme, and extracted from Thymus vulgaris (common thyme), ajwain,[4] and various other plants as a white crystalline substance of a pleasant aromatic odor and strong antiseptic properties. Thymol also provides the distinctive, strong flavor of the culinary herb thyme, also produced from T. vulgaris. Thymol is only slightly soluble in water at neutral pH, but it is extremely soluble in alcohols and other organic solvents. It is also soluble in strongly alkaline aqueous solutions due to deprotonation of the phenol. Its dissociation constant (pKa) is 10.59±0.10.[5] Thymol absorbs maximum UV radiation at 274 nm.[6] Ancient Egyptians used thyme for embalming.[9] The ancient Greeks used it in their baths and burned it as incense in their temples, believing it was a source of courage. The spread of thyme throughout Europe was thought to be due to the Romans, as they used it to purify their rooms and to "give an aromatic flavour to cheese and liqueurs".[10] In the European Middle Ages, the herb was placed beneath pillows to aid sleep and ward off nightmares.[11] In this period, women also often gave knights and warriors gifts that included thyme leaves, because it was believed to bring courage to the bearer. Thyme was also used as incense and placed on coffins during funerals, because it was supposed to ensure passage into the next life.[12] The bee balms Monarda fistulosa and Monarda didyma, North American wildflowers, are natural sources of thymol. The Blackfoot Native Americans recognized these plants' strong antiseptic action and used poultices of the plants for skin infections and minor wounds. A tisane made from them was also used to treat mouth and throat infections caused by dental caries and gingivitis.[13] Thymol was first isolated by German chemist Caspar Neumann in 1719.[14] In 1853, French chemist Alexandre Lallemand[15] (1816-1886) named thymol and determined its empirical formula.[16] Thymol was first synthesized by Swedish chemist Oskar Widman[17] (1852-1930) in 1882.[18]
alpha-Amorphene
Alpha-amorphene, also known as alpha-amorphene, is a member of the class of compounds known as sesquiterpenoids. Sesquiterpenoids are terpenes with three consecutive isoprene units. Alpha-amorphene can be found in a number of food items such as pepper (spice), peppermint, sweet basil, and sweet bay, which makes alpha-amorphene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Alpha-amorphene, also known as α-amorphene, is a member of the class of compounds known as sesquiterpenoids. Sesquiterpenoids are terpenes with three consecutive isoprene units. Alpha-amorphene can be found in a number of food items such as pepper (spice), peppermint, sweet basil, and sweet bay, which makes alpha-amorphene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.
alpha-Cadinol
A cadinane sesquiterpenoid that is cadin-4-ene carrying a hydroxy substituent at position 10.
alpha-Cedrene
Alpha-cedrene, also known as (-)-α-cedrene or beta-cedrene, is a member of the class of compounds known as cedrane and isocedrane sesquiterpenoids. Cedrane and isocedrane sesquiterpenoids are sesquiternoids with a structure based on the cedrane or the isocedrane skeleton. Cedrane is a tricyclic molecules a 3,6,8,8-tetramethyl-1H-3a,7-methano-azulene moiety. Isocedrane is a rearranged cedrane arising from the migration of methyl group moved from the 6-position to the 4-position. Thus, alpha-cedrene is considered to be an isoprenoid lipid molecule. Alpha-cedrene is a sweet, cedar, and fresh tasting compound and can be found in a number of food items such as tarragon, peppermint, wild celery, and common sage, which makes alpha-cedrene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Alpha-cedrene can be found primarily in urine. Cedr-8-ene is a sesquiterpene that is cedrane which has a double bond between positions 8 and 9. It has a role as a human urinary metabolite and a volatile oil component. It is a sesquiterpene, a bridged compound, a polycyclic olefin and a carbotricyclic compound. It derives from a hydride of a cedrane. alpha-Cedrene is a natural product found in Aloysia gratissima, Widdringtonia whytei, and other organisms with data available. alpha-Cedrene alpha-Cedrene is one of the two isomers of cedrene. Cedrene is a sesquiterpene found in the essential oil of cedar. There are two isomers of cedrene, (-)-alpha-cedrene and (+)-beta-cedrene, which differ in the position of a double bond (Wikipedia) A sesquiterpene that is cedrane which has a double bond between positions 8 and 9. (-)-Cedrene (α-cedrene) is a sesquiterpene constituent of cedarwood oils, with anti-leukemic, antimicrobial and anti-obesity activities[1]. (-)-Cedrene (α-cedrene) is a sesquiterpene constituent of cedarwood oils, with anti-leukemic, antimicrobial and anti-obesity activities[1]. (-)-Cedrene (α-cedrene) is a sesquiterpene constituent of cedarwood oils, with anti-leukemic, antimicrobial and anti-obesity activities[1]. (-)-Cedrene (α-cedrene) is a sesquiterpene constituent of cedarwood oils, with anti-leukemic, antimicrobial and anti-obesity activities[1].
Thymol
Thymol, also known as 1-hydroxy-5-methyl-2-isopropylbenzene or 2-isopropyl-5-methylphenol, is a member of the class of compounds known as aromatic monoterpenoids. Aromatic monoterpenoids are monoterpenoids containing at least one aromatic ring. Thus, thymol is considered to be an isoprenoid lipid molecule. Thymol is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Thymol can be synthesized from p-cymene. Thymol can also be synthesized into thymol sulfate and thymol sulfate(1-). Thymol is a camphor, herbal, and medicinal tasting compound and can be found in a number of food items such as anise, common oregano, caraway, and highbush blueberry, which makes thymol a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Thymol can be found primarily in saliva and urine, as well as in human liver and skeletal muscle tissues. Thymol exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C28394 - Topical Anti-Infective Agent D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000935 - Antifungal Agents Thymol is the main monoterpene phenol occurring in essential oils isolated from plants belonging to the Lamiaceae family, and other plants such as those belonging to the Verbenaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Ranunculaceae and Apiaceae families. Thymol has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antifungal effects[1]. Thymol is the main monoterpene phenol occurring in essential oils isolated from plants belonging to the Lamiaceae family, and other plants such as those belonging to the Verbenaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Ranunculaceae and Apiaceae families. Thymol has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antifungal effects[1].
(1R,2S,5S,8R)-7,7-dimethyl-6-methylidenetricyclo[6.2.1.0¹,⁵]undecane-2-carboxylic acid
2-Amylfuran
2-pentylfuran is a member of the class of furans that is furan in which the hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a pentyl group. It is found in many heat-processed foods and drinks. It has a role as an Aspergillus metabolite, a human urinary metabolite, a volatile oil component, an insect repellent, a flavouring agent, a plant growth stimulator and a bacterial metabolite. 2-Pentylfuran is a natural product found in Magnolia officinalis, Daphne odora, and other organisms with data available. 2-pentylfuran is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 2-Pentylfuran is the compound isolated from steam volatile oils obtained from potatoes at atmospheric pressure[1]. 2-Pentylfuran is the compound isolated from steam volatile oils obtained from potatoes at atmospheric pressure[1].
2-BUTYLFURAN
A member of the class of furans that is furan in which the hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a butyl group. It is a constituent found in several plant species and some cooked foods.
α-Pinene
A pinene that is bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene substituted by methyl groups at positions 2, 6 and 6 respectively. (-)-α-Pinene is a monoterpene and shows sleep enhancing property through a direct binding to GABAA-benzodiazepine (BZD) receptors by acting as a partial modulator at the BZD binding site[1]. (-)-α-Pinene is a monoterpene and shows sleep enhancing property through a direct binding to GABAA-benzodiazepine (BZD) receptors by acting as a partial modulator at the BZD binding site[1]. (-)-α-Pinene is a monoterpene and shows sleep enhancing property through a direct binding to GABAA-benzodiazepine (BZD) receptors by acting as a partial modulator at the BZD binding site[1]. (-)-α-Pinene is a monoterpene and shows sleep enhancing property through a direct binding to GABAA-benzodiazepine (BZD) receptors by acting as a partial modulator at the BZD binding site[1]. (-)-α-Pinene is a monoterpene and shows sleep enhancing property through a direct binding to GABAA-benzodiazepine (BZD) receptors by acting as a partial modulator at the BZD binding site[1]. (-)-α-Pinene is a monoterpene and shows sleep enhancing property through a direct binding to GABAA-benzodiazepine (BZD) receptors by acting as a partial modulator at the BZD binding site[1].
Myrcene
Myrcene (β-Myrcene), an aromatic volatile compound, suppresses TNFα-induced NF-κB activity. Myrcene has anti-invasive effect[1][2]. Myrcene (β-Myrcene), an aromatic volatile compound, suppresses TNFα-induced NF-κB activity. Myrcene has anti-invasive effect[1][2].
alpha-Amorphene
Alpha-amorphene, also known as alpha-amorphene, is a member of the class of compounds known as sesquiterpenoids. Sesquiterpenoids are terpenes with three consecutive isoprene units. Alpha-amorphene can be found in a number of food items such as pepper (spice), peppermint, sweet basil, and sweet bay, which makes alpha-amorphene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Alpha-amorphene, also known as α-amorphene, is a member of the class of compounds known as sesquiterpenoids. Sesquiterpenoids are terpenes with three consecutive isoprene units. Alpha-amorphene can be found in a number of food items such as pepper (spice), peppermint, sweet basil, and sweet bay, which makes alpha-amorphene a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.
(+)-Camphene
A monoterpene with a bicyclic skeleton that is bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane substituted by geminal methyl groups at position 2 and a methylidene group at position 3. It is a widespread natural product found in many essential oils.
2-Furaldehyde
An aldehyde that is furan with the hydrogen at position 2 substituted by a formyl group.
Bicyclo[3.1.0]hex-2-ene, 2-methyl-5-(1-methylethyl)-
cedrene
(-)-Cedrene (α-cedrene) is a sesquiterpene constituent of cedarwood oils, with anti-leukemic, antimicrobial and anti-obesity activities[1]. (-)-Cedrene (α-cedrene) is a sesquiterpene constituent of cedarwood oils, with anti-leukemic, antimicrobial and anti-obesity activities[1]. (-)-Cedrene (α-cedrene) is a sesquiterpene constituent of cedarwood oils, with anti-leukemic, antimicrobial and anti-obesity activities[1]. (-)-Cedrene (α-cedrene) is a sesquiterpene constituent of cedarwood oils, with anti-leukemic, antimicrobial and anti-obesity activities[1].
