NCBI Taxonomy: 165331

Veronica cymbalaria (ncbi_taxid: 165331)

found 79 associated metabolites at species taxonomy rank level.

Ancestor: Veronica subgen. Cochlidiosperma

Child Taxonomies: none taxonomy data.

Aucubin

(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(((1S,4aR,5S,7aS)-5-hydroxy-7-(hydroxymethyl)-1,4a,5,7a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-1-yl)oxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol

C15H22O9 (346.1263762)

Aucubin is found in common verbena. Aucubin is a monoterpenoid based compound. Aucubin, like all iridoids, has a cyclopentan-[C]-pyran skeleton. Iridoids can consist of ten, nine, or rarely eight carbons in which C11 is more frequently missing than C10. Aucubin has 10 carbons with the C11 carbon missing. The stereochemical configurations at C5 and C9 lead to cis fused rings, which are common to all iridoids containing carbocylclic- or seco-skeleton in non-rearranged form. Oxidative cleavage at C7-C8 bond affords secoiridoids. The last steps in the biosynthesis of iridoids usually consist of O-glycosylation and O-alkylation. Aucubin, a glycoside iridoid, has an O-linked glucose moiety. Aucubin is an iridoid glycoside. Iridoids are commonly found in plants and function as defensive compounds. Irioids decrease the growth rates of many generalist herbivores. Aucubin is found in the leaves of Aucuba japonica (Cornaceae), Eucommia ulmoides (Eucommiaceae), and Plantago asiatic (Plantaginaceae), etc, plants used in traditional Chinese and folk medicine. Aucubin was found to protect against liver damage induced by carbon tetrachloride or alpha-amanitin in mice and rats when 80 mg/kg was dosed intraperitoneally. Geranyl pyrophosphate is the precursor for iridoids. Geranyl phosphate is generated through the mevalonate pathway or the methylerythritol phosphate pathway. The initial steps of the pathway involve the fusion of three molecules of acetyl-CoA to produce the C6 compound 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA). HMG-CoA is then reduced in two steps by the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase. The resulting mevalonate is then sequentially phosphorylated by two separate kinases, mevalonate kinase and phosphomevalonate kinase, to form 5-pyrophosphomevalonate. Phosphosphomevalonate decarboxylase through a concerted decarboxylation reaction affords isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP). IPP is the basic C5 building block that is added to prenyl phosphate cosubstrates to form longer chains. IPP is isomerized to the allylic ester dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP) by IPP isomerase. Through a multistep process, including the dephosphorylation DMAPP, IPP and DMAPP are combinded to from the C10 compound geranyl pyrophosphate (GPP). Geranyl pyrophosphate is a major branch point for terpenoid synthesis. The cyclizaton reaction to form the iridoid pyrane ring may result from one of two routes: route 1 - a hydride nucleophillic attack on C1 will lead to 1-O-carbonyl atom attack on C3, yielding the lactone ring; route 2 - loss of proton from carbon 4 leads to the formation of a double bond C3-C4; consequently the 3-0-carbonyl atom will attach to C1 Aucubin is a monoterpenoid based compound. Aucubin, like all iridoids, has a cyclopentan-[C]-pyran skeleton. Iridoids can consist of ten, nine, or rarely eight carbons in which C11 is more frequently missing than C10. Aucubin has 10 carbons with the C11 carbon missing. The stereochemical configurations at C5 and C9 lead to cis fused rings, which are common to all iridoids containing carbocylclic- or seco-skeleton in non-rearranged form. Oxidative cleavage at C7-C8 bond affords secoiridoids. The last steps in the biosynthesis of iridoids usually consist of O-glycosylation and O-alkylation. Aucubin, a glycoside iridoid, has an O-linked glucose moiety.; Aucubin is an iridoid glycoside. Iridoids are commonly found in plants and function as defensive compounds. Irioids decrease the growth rates of many generalist herbivores. Aucubin is found in the leaves of Aucuba japonica (Cornaceae), Eucommia ulmoides (Eucommiaceae), and Plantago asiatic (Plantaginaceae), etc, plants used in traditional Chinese and folk medicine. Aucubin was found to protect against liver damage induced by carbon tetrachloride or alpha-amanitin in mice and rats when 80 mg/kg was dosed intraperitoneally.; Geranyl pyrophosphate is the precursor for iridoids. Geranyl phosphate is generated through the mevalonate pathway or the methylerythritol phosphate pathway. The initial steps of the pathway involve the fusion of three molecules of acetyl-CoA to produce the C6 compound 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA). HMG-CoA is then reduced in two steps by the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase. The resulting mevalonate is then sequentially phosphorylated by two separate kinases, mevalonate kinase and phosphomevalonate kinase, to form 5-pyrophosphomevalonate. Phosphosphomevalonate decarboxylase through a concerted decarboxylation reaction affords isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP). IPP is the basic C5 building block that is added to prenyl phosphate cosubstrates to form longer chains. IPP is isomerized to the allylic ester dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP) by IPP isomerase. Through a multistep process, including the dephosphorylation DMAPP, IPP and DMAPP are combinded to from the C10 compound geranyl pyrophosphate (GPP). Geranyl pyrophosphate is a major branch point for terpenoid synthesis.; The cyclizaton reaction to form the iridoid pyrane ring may result from one of two routes: route 1 - a hydride nucleophillic attack on C1 will lead to 1-O-carbonyl atom attack on C3, yielding the lactone ring; route 2 - loss of proton from carbon 4 leads to the formation of a double bond C3-C4; consequently the 3-0-carbonyl atom will attach to C1. Aucubin is an organic molecular entity. It has a role as a metabolite. Aucubin is a natural product found in Verbascum lychnitis, Plantago media, and other organisms with data available. See also: Chaste tree fruit (part of); Rehmannia glutinosa Root (part of); Plantago ovata seed (part of). Aucubin, an iridoid glucoside, is isolated from Plantago asiatica, Eucommia ulmoides, the leaves of Aucuba japonica and more recently from butterfly larva. Aucubin has many biological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-fibrotic, anti-cancer, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective and osteoprotective effects[1][2][3]. Aucubin, an iridoid glucoside, is isolated from Plantago asiatica, Eucommia ulmoides, the leaves of Aucuba japonica and more recently from butterfly larva. Aucubin has many biological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-fibrotic, anti-cancer, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective and osteoprotective effects[1][2][3].

Catalpol

(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(((1aS,1bS,2S,5aR,6S,6aS)-6-hydroxy-1a-(hydroxymethyl)-1a,1b,2,5a,6,6a-hexahydrooxireno[2,3:4,5]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyran-2-yl)oxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol

C15H22O10 (362.1212912)

Catalpol is an organic molecular entity. It has a role as a metabolite. Catalpol is a natural product found in Verbascum lychnitis, Plantago atrata, and other organisms with data available. See also: Rehmannia glutinosa Root (part of). Catalpol (Catalpinoside), an iridoid glycoside found in Rehmannia glutinosa. Catalpol has neuroprotective, hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-spasmodic, anti-oxidant effects and anti-HBV effects[1][2][3]. Catalpol (Catalpinoside), an iridoid glycoside found in Rehmannia glutinosa. Catalpol has neuroprotective, hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-spasmodic, anti-oxidant effects and anti-HBV effects[1][2][3].

Verproside

2-(hydroxymethyl)-10-{[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-3,9-dioxatricyclo[4.4.0.0²,⁴]dec-7-en-5-yl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate

C22H26O13 (498.13733460000003)

Ampicoside

(1AS,1bS,2S,5aR,6S,6aS)-1a-(hydroxymethyl)-2-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)-1a,1b,2,5a,6,6a-hexahydrooxireno[2,3:4,5]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyran-6-yl 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoate

C23H28O13 (512.1529838)

Picroside II is a natural product found in Veronica pulvinaris, Veronica thomsonii, and other organisms with data available. Picroside II, an iridoid compound extracted from Picrorhiza, exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities. picroside II alleviates the inflammatory response in sepsis and enhances immune function by inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB pathways[1]. Picroside II is an antioxidant, exhibits a significant neuroprotective effect through reducing ROS production and protects the blood-brain barrier (BBB) after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (CI/R) injury. Picroside II has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immune regulatory, anti-virus and other pharmacological activities[2]. Picroside II, an iridoid compound extracted from Picrorhiza, exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities. picroside II alleviates the inflammatory response in sepsis and enhances immune function by inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB pathways[1]. Picroside II is an antioxidant, exhibits a significant neuroprotective effect through reducing ROS production and protects the blood-brain barrier (BBB) after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (CI/R) injury. Picroside II has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immune regulatory, anti-virus and other pharmacological activities[2].

Picroside

C23H28O13 (512.1529838)

Verminoside

[(1S,2S,4S,5S,6R,10S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-10-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3,9-dioxatricyclo[4.4.0.02,4]dec-7-en-5-yl] (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate

C24H28O13 (524.1529838)

Verminoside is a hydroxycinnamic acid. It has a role as a metabolite. Verminoside is a natural product found in Stereospermum colais, Veronica pulvinaris, and other organisms with data available. A natural product found in Veronica lavaudiana.

Aucubin

(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(((1S,4aR,5S,7aS)-5-hydroxy-7-(hydroxymethyl)-1,4a,5,7a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-1-yl)oxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol

C15H22O9 (346.1263762)

Aucubin is an organic molecular entity. It has a role as a metabolite. Aucubin is a natural product found in Verbascum lychnitis, Plantago media, and other organisms with data available. See also: Chaste tree fruit (part of); Rehmannia glutinosa Root (part of); Plantago ovata seed (part of). Origin: Plant; SubCategory_DNP: Monoterpenoids, Iridoid monoterpenoids SubCategory_DNP: Monoterpenoids, Iridoid monoterpenoids; Origin: Plant Aucubin, an iridoid glucoside, is isolated from Plantago asiatica, Eucommia ulmoides, the leaves of Aucuba japonica and more recently from butterfly larva. Aucubin has many biological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-fibrotic, anti-cancer, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective and osteoprotective effects[1][2][3]. Aucubin, an iridoid glucoside, is isolated from Plantago asiatica, Eucommia ulmoides, the leaves of Aucuba japonica and more recently from butterfly larva. Aucubin has many biological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-fibrotic, anti-cancer, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective and osteoprotective effects[1][2][3].

Verproside

(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-2-{[(1s,4as,5r)-5-hydroxy-7-(hydroxymethyl)-1h,4ah,5h,7ah-cyclopenta[c]pyran-1-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol

C15H22O9 (346.1263762)