Picroside (BioDeep_00000230864)

Main id: BioDeep_00000231075

 

PANOMIX_OTCML-2023


代谢物信息卡片


(1AS,1bS,2S,5aR,6S,6aS)-1a-(hydroxymethyl)-2-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)-1a,1b,2,5a,6,6a-hexahydrooxireno[2,3:4,5]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyran-6-yl 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoate

化学式: C23H28O13 (512.153)
中文名称: 胡黄连苷Ⅱ, 胡黄连苷
谱图信息: 最多检出来源 () 0%

分子结构信息

SMILES: COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C(=O)OC2C3C=COC(C3C4(C2O4)CO)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)O
InChI: InChI=1S/C23H28O13/c1-31-12-6-9(2-3-11(12)26)20(30)34-18-10-4-5-32-21(14(10)23(8-25)19(18)36-23)35-22-17(29)16(28)15(27)13(7-24)33-22/h2-6,10,13-19,21-22,24-29H,7-8H2,1H3/t10-,13-,14-,15-,16+,17-,18+,19+,21+,22+,23-/m1/s1

描述信息

Picroside II is a natural product found in Veronica pulvinaris, Veronica thomsonii, and other organisms with data available.
Picroside II, an iridoid compound extracted from Picrorhiza, exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities. picroside II alleviates the inflammatory response in sepsis and enhances immune function by inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB pathways[1]. Picroside II is an antioxidant, exhibits a significant neuroprotective effect through reducing ROS production and protects the blood-brain barrier (BBB) after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (CI/R) injury. Picroside II has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immune regulatory, anti-virus and other pharmacological activities[2].
Picroside II, an iridoid compound extracted from Picrorhiza, exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities. picroside II alleviates the inflammatory response in sepsis and enhances immune function by inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB pathways[1]. Picroside II is an antioxidant, exhibits a significant neuroprotective effect through reducing ROS production and protects the blood-brain barrier (BBB) after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (CI/R) injury. Picroside II has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immune regulatory, anti-virus and other pharmacological activities[2].

同义名列表

18 个代谢物同义名

(1AS,1bS,2S,5aR,6S,6aS)-1a-(hydroxymethyl)-2-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)-1a,1b,2,5a,6,6a-hexahydrooxireno[2,3:4,5]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyran-6-yl 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoate; .BETA.-D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE, 1A,1B,2,5A,6,6A-HEXAHYDRO-6-((4-HYDROXY-3-METHOXYBENZOYL)OXY)-1A-(HYDROXYMETHYL)OXIRENO(4,5)CYCLOPENTA(1,2-C)PYRAN-2-YL, (1AS-(1A.ALPHA.,1B.BETA.,2.BETA.,5A.BETA.,6.BETA.,6A.ALPHA.))-; beta-D-Glucopyranoside, 1a,1b,2,5a,6,6a-hexahydro-6-((4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoyl)oxy)-1a-(hydroxymethyl)oxireno(4,5)cyclopenta(1,2-c)pyran-2-yl, (1aS-(1aalpha,1bbeta,2beta,5abeta,6beta,6aalpha))-; [(1S,2S,4S,5S,6R,10S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-10-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3,9-dioxatricyclo[4.4.0.02,4]dec-7-en-5-yl] 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoate; .BETA.-D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE, (1AS,1BS,2S,5AR,6S,6AS)-1A,1B,2,5A,6,6A-HEXAHYDRO-6-((4-HYDROXY-3-METHOXYBENZOYL)OXY)-1A-(HYDROXYMETHYL)OXIRENO(4,5)CYCLOPENTA(1,2-C)PYRAN-2-YL; (1AS,1BS,2S,5AR,6S,6AS)-1A,1B,2,5A,6,6A-HEXAHYDRO-6-((4-HYDROXY-3-METHOXYBENZOYL)OXY)-1A-(HYDROXYMETHYL)OXIRENO(4,5)CYCLOPENTA(1,2-C)PYRAN-2-YL .BETA.-D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE; beta-D-Glucopyranoside, (1aS,1bS,2S,5aR,6S,6aS)-1a,1b,2,5a,6,6a-hexahydro-6-((4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoyl)oxy)-1a-(hydroxymethyl)oxireno(4,5)cyclopenta(1,2-C)pyran-2-yl; (1aS,1bS,2S,5aR,6S,6aS)-1a,1b,2,5a,6,6a-Hexahydro-6-((4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoyl)oxy)-1a-(hydroxymethyl)oxireno(4,5)cyclopenta(1,2-C)pyran-2-yl beta-D-glucopyranoside; [2-(Hydroxymethyl)-10-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3,9-dioxatricyclo[4.4.0.02,4]dec-7-en-5-yl] 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoate; 6-Vanilloylcatalpol; Vanilloyl catalpol; UNII-XX0PFP9RVI; MEGxp0_001244; Picroside II; ACon1_001520; Ampicoside; XX0PFP9RVI; Picroside



数据库引用编号

9 个数据库交叉引用编号

分类词条

相关代谢途径

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

PlantCyc(0)

代谢反应

0 个相关的代谢反应过程信息。

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

WikiPathways(0)

Plant Reactome(0)

INOH(0)

PlantCyc(0)

COVID-19 Disease Map(0)

PathBank(0)

PharmGKB(0)

15 个相关的物种来源信息

在这里通过桑基图来展示出与当前的这个代谢物在我们的BioDeep知识库中具有相关联信息的其他代谢物。在这里进行关联的信息来源主要有：

  • PubMed: 来源于PubMed文献库中的文献信息，我们通过自然语言数据挖掘得到的在同一篇文献中被同时提及的相关代谢物列表，这个列表按照代谢物同时出现的文献数量降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为相关研究中关联性很高的代谢物集合展示在桑基图中。
  • NCBI Taxonomy: 通过文献数据挖掘，得到的代谢物物种来源信息关联。这个关联信息同样按照出现的次数降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为高关联度的代谢物集合展示在桑吉图上。
  • Chemical Taxonomy: 在物质分类上处于同一个分类集合中的其他代谢物
  • Chemical Reaction: 在化学反应过程中，存在为当前代谢物相关联的生化反应过程中的反应底物或者反应产物的关联代谢物信息。

点击图上的相关代谢物的名称，可以跳转到相关代谢物的信息页面。

亚细胞结构定位 关联基因列表


文献列表

  • Abhinav Singh, Alisha Ansari, Jay Gupta, Himalaya Singh, Kumaravelu Jagavelu, Koneni V Sashidhara. Androsin alleviates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by activating autophagy and attenuating de novo lipogenesis. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology. 2024 Jul; 129(?):155702. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155702. [PMID: 38749344]
  • Xin Xu, Tong Wei, Qianqian Xue, Jiahao Ai, Guixin Li, Zhongguo Liu, Dan Li, Jincai Hou, Hongli Jin, Yanfang Liu, Xinmiao Liang. [Analysis on quality value transmitting of Qinggusan reference sample of classical prescription based on quantitative fingerprint technology]. Se pu = Chinese journal of chromatography. 2023 Feb; 41(2):142-151. doi: 10.3724/sp.j.1123.2022.09024. [PMID: 36725710]
  • Anjali Kharb, Rajinder S Chauhan. Complexity of gene paralogues resolved in biosynthetic pathway of hepatoprotective iridoid glycosides in a medicinal herb, Picrorhiza kurroa through differential NGS transcriptomes. Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG. 2021 Jul; 296(4):863-876. doi: 10.1007/s00438-021-01787-w. [PMID: 33899140]
  • PeiLiang Dong, ZhenLei Gao, Xin Yin, ZhengQing Li, Hua Han. Hepatoprotective activity assessment of amino acids derivatives of picroside I and II. Chemical biology & drug design. 2021 02; 97(2):341-348. doi: 10.1111/cbdd.13786. [PMID: 32931135]
  • Xuehua Piao, Xiaodan Sui, Baohai Liu, Tingfang Cui, Zinan Qi. Picroside II Improves Severe Acute Pancreatitis-Induced Hepatocellular Injury in Rats by Affecting JAK2/STAT3 Phosphorylation Signaling. BioMed research international. 2021; 2021(?):9945149. doi: 10.1155/2021/9945149. [PMID: 34368363]
  • Shangying Ma, Xueyi Wang, Feifan Lai, Chenghua Lou. The beneficial pharmacological effects and potential mechanisms of picroside II: Evidence of its benefits from in vitro and in vivo. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie. 2020 Oct; 130(?):110421. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110421. [PMID: 32674016]
  • Bharati Lalhal Barsain, Anjali Purohit, Ajay Kumar, Robin Joshi, Vipin Hallan, Sudesh Kumar Yadav. PkGPPS.SSU interacts with two PkGGPPS to form heteromeric GPPS in Picrorhiza kurrooa: Molecular insights into the picroside biosynthetic pathway. Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB. 2020 Sep; 154(?):115-128. doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.05.029. [PMID: 32554175]
  • Xuehua Piao, Baohai Liu, Xiaodan Sui, Shuangdi Li, Wei Niu, Qingyu Zhang, Xuan Shi, Shusheng Cai, Ying Fan. Picroside II Improves Severe Acute Pancreatitis-Induced Intestinal Barrier Injury by Inactivating Oxidative and Inflammatory TLR4-Dependent PI3K/AKT/NF-κB Signaling and Improving Gut Microbiota. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity. 2020; 2020(?):3589497. doi: 10.1155/2020/3589497. [PMID: 32351672]
  • Kiram Lee, Jin Choi, Bo Kyong Choi, Young-Mi Gu, Hyung Won Ryu, Sei-Ryang Oh, Hyun-Jun Lee. Picroside II Isolated from Pseudolysimachion rotundum var. subintegrum Inhibits Glucocorticoid Refractory Serum Amyloid A (SAA) Expression and SAA-induced IL-33 Secretion. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2019 May; 24(10):. doi: 10.3390/molecules24102020. [PMID: 31137813]
  • Xiang Tian, Rui-Xue Ding, Gen-Na Ba, Yu-Xia Bai, Na-Mu-Ji-la Laxi, Xiao-Yong Rao, Xiao-Jian Luo. [Fingerprinting and multi-indicator quantitative analysis of Mongolian drug Digeda-4 decoction]. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica. 2018 Oct; 43(19):3962-3969. doi: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20180726.009. [PMID: 30453724]
  • Hiteshi Dhami-Shah, Rama Vaidya, Shobha Udipi, Srividhya Raghavan, Shiny Abhijit, Viswanathan Mohan, Muthuswamy Balasubramanyam, Ashok Vaidya. Picroside II attenuates fatty acid accumulation in HepG2 cells via modulation of fatty acid uptake and synthesis. Clinical and molecular hepatology. 2018 03; 24(1):77-87. doi: 10.3350/cmh.2017.0039. [PMID: 29254285]
  • Xiaobin Yang, Wenjie Gao, Biao Wang, Xiaodong Wang, Hua Guo, Yuan Xiao, Lingbo Kong, Dingjun Hao. Picroside II Inhibits RANKL-Mediated Osteoclastogenesis by Attenuating the NF-κB and MAPKs Signaling Pathway In Vitro and Prevents Bone Loss in Lipopolysaccharide Treatment Mice. Journal of cellular biochemistry. 2017 12; 118(12):4479-4486. doi: 10.1002/jcb.26105. [PMID: 28464271]
  • Yun-Seo Kil, Seong Min Kim, Unwoo Kang, Hae Young Chung, Eun Kyoung Seo. Peroxynitrite-Scavenging Glycosides from the Stem Bark of Catalpa ovata. Journal of natural products. 2017 08; 80(8):2240-2251. doi: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00139. [PMID: 28787158]
  • Sultan Zahiruddin, Washim Khan, Rinki Nehra, Md Javed Alam, Md Nasar Mallick, Rabea Parveen, Sayeed Ahmad. Pharmacokinetics and comparative metabolic profiling of iridoid enriched fraction of Picrorhiza kurroa - An Ayurvedic Herb. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2017 Feb; 197(?):157-164. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.07.072. [PMID: 27469200]
  • Hongyan Zhang, Li Zhai, Tingting Wang, Shan Li, Yunliang Guo. Picroside II Exerts a Neuroprotective Effect by Inhibiting the Mitochondria Cytochrome C Signal Pathway Following Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in Rats. Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN. 2017 Feb; 61(2):267-278. doi: 10.1007/s12031-016-0870-0. [PMID: 28054226]
  • Xuehua Piao, Baohai Liu, Lianyi Guo, Fanji Meng, Leming Gao. Picroside II Shows Protective Functions for Severe Acute Pancreatitis in Rats by Preventing NF-κB-Dependent Autophagy. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity. 2017; 2017(?):7085709. doi: 10.1155/2017/7085709. [PMID: 28713490]
  • Ira Vashisht, Tarun Pal, Hemant Sood, Rajinder S Chauhan. Comparative transcriptome analysis in different tissues of a medicinal herb, Picrorhiza kurroa pinpoints transcription factors regulating picrosides biosynthesis. Molecular biology reports. 2016 Dec; 43(12):1395-1409. doi: 10.1007/s11033-016-4073-0. [PMID: 27633652]
  • Tingting Gao, Tingting Sheng, Tong Zhang, Han Han. Characterization of picroside II metabolites in rats by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography combined with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. 2016 Sep; 128(?):352-359. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.06.005. [PMID: 27328362]
  • Dilawar Upadhyay, Sheetal Anandjiwala, Harish Padh, Manish Nivsarkar. In vitro - In vivo metabolism and pharmacokinetics of picroside I and II using LC-ESI-MS method. Chemico-biological interactions. 2016 Jul; 254(?):83-92. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.05.031. [PMID: 27234049]
  • Ting-ting Wang, Li Zhai, Hong-yan Zhang, Li Zhao, Yun-liang Guo. [Effect of Picroside II on ERK1/2 Signal Pathway in Cerebral lschemic Injury Rats]. Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine. 2016 Apr; 36(4):437-44. doi: ". [PMID: 27323616]
  • Faruk Metin Çomu, Yiğit Kılıç, Abdullah Özer, Mehmet Kirişçi, Ali Doğan Dursun, Tolga Tatar, Mustafa Hakan Zor, Hakan Kartal, Ayşegül Küçük, Hakan Boyunağa, Mustafa Arslan. Effect of picroside II on erythrocyte deformability and lipid peroxidation in rats subjected to hind limb ischemia reperfusion injury. Drug design, development and therapy. 2016; 10(?):927-31. doi: 10.2147/dddt.s95418. [PMID: 27041996]
  • Jianwei Zhu, Bingyang Xue, Bo Ma, Qi Zhang, Ming Liu, Lei Liu, Di Yao, Huanhuan Qi, Yonglu Wang, Hanjie Ying, Zimei Wu. A pre-clinical pharmacokinetic study in rats of three naturally occurring iridoid glycosides, Picroside-I, II and III, using a validated simultaneous HPLC-MS/MS assay. Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences. 2015 Jul; 993-994(?):47-59. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.04.036. [PMID: 25984965]
  • Kirti Shitiz, Neha Sharma, Tarun Pal, Hemant Sood, Rajinder S Chauhan. NGS Transcriptomes and Enzyme Inhibitors Unravel Complexity of Picrosides Biosynthesis in Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex. Benth. PloS one. 2015; 10(12):e0144546. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144546. [PMID: 26658062]
  • Lei Wang, Xiu-Heng Liu, Hui Chen, Zhi-Yuan Chen, Xiao-Dong Weng, Tao Qiu, Lin Liu. Picroside II decreases the development of fibrosis induced by ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Renal failure. 2014 Oct; 36(9):1443-8. doi: 10.3109/0886022x.2014.949766. [PMID: 25246345]
  • Li-Na Yi, Ke-Qin Li, Qiu-Juan Wang, Qing-Shan Liu, Qing-Long Guo. [Study on directional separation of picroside II from extract of traditional Chinese medicine by molecularly imprinted technology]. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica. 2013 Jul; 38(13):2136-9. doi: ". [PMID: 24079241]
  • Amit Sud, Rajinder Singh Chauhan, Chanderdeep Tandon. Identification of imperative enzymes by differential protein expression in Picrorhiza kurroa under metabolite accumulating and non-accumulating conditions. Protein and peptide letters. 2013 Jul; 20(7):826-35. doi: 10.2174/0929866511320070014. [PMID: 22973851]
  • Qing Shen, Wei Dong, Yixuan Wang, Like Gong, Zhiyuan Dai, Hon-Yeung Cheung. Pipette tip solid-phase extraction and ultra-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry based rapid analysis of picrosides from Picrorhiza scrophulariiflora. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. 2013 Jun; 80(?):136-40. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.03.002. [PMID: 23567266]
  • Dilawar Upadhyay, Ranjeet Prasad Dash, Sheetal Anandjiwala, Manish Nivsarkar. Comparative pharmacokinetic profiles of picrosides I and II from kutkin, Picrorhiza kurroa extract and its formulation in rats. Fitoterapia. 2013 Mar; 85(?):76-83. doi: 10.1016/j.fitote.2013.01.004. [PMID: 23333583]
  • Harsharan Singh, Parul Gahlan, Sanjay Kumar. Cloning and expression analysis of ten genes associated with picrosides biosynthesis in Picrorhiza kurrooa. Gene. 2013 Feb; 515(2):320-8. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.12.004. [PMID: 23237774]
  • Saurabh Pandit, Kirti Shitiz, Hemant Sood, Pradeep Kumar Naik, Rajinder Singh Chauhan. Expression pattern of fifteen genes of non-mevalonate (MEP) and mevalonate (MVA) pathways in different tissues of endangered medicinal herb Picrorhiza kurroa with respect to picrosides content. Molecular biology reports. 2013 Feb; 40(2):1053-63. doi: 10.1007/s11033-012-2147-1. [PMID: 23065284]
  • Parul Gahlan, Heikham Russiachand Singh, Ravi Shankar, Niharika Sharma, Anita Kumari, Vandna Chawla, Paramvir Singh Ahuja, Sanjay Kumar. De novo sequencing and characterization of Picrorhiza kurrooa transcriptome at two temperatures showed major transcriptome adjustments. BMC genomics. 2012 Mar; 13(?):126. doi: 10.1186/1471-2164-13-126. [PMID: 22462805]
  • Shashi Shankar Tiwari, Madan Mohan Pandey, Sharad Srivastava, A K S Rawat. TLC densitometric quantification of picrosides (picroside-I and picroside-II) in Picrorhiza kurroa and its substitute Picrorhiza scrophulariiflora and their antioxidant studies. Biomedical chromatography : BMC. 2012 Jan; 26(1):61-8. doi: 10.1002/bmc.1626. [PMID: 21413048]
  • Zhe Chen, Jianbing Wu, Wei Shen, Pei Liu, Yi Cao, Yanbin Lu. Counter-current chromatographic method for preparative scale isolation of picrosides from traditional Chinese medicine Picrorhiza scrophulariiflora. Journal of separation science. 2011 Aug; 34(15):1910-6. doi: 10.1002/jssc.201100025. [PMID: 21721121]
  • Meenu Katoch, I S Fazli, K A Suri, A Ahuja, G N Qazi. Effect of altitude on picroside content in core collections of Picrorhiza kurrooa from the north western Himalayas. Journal of natural medicines. 2011 Jul; 65(3-4):578-82. doi: 10.1007/s11418-010-0491-9. [PMID: 21347670]
  • Yun-liang Guo, Wei Shen, Fang Du. [Effect of picroside II on expressions of TLR4 and NFkappaB in rats with cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury]. Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine. 2011 Jan; 31(1):58-61. doi: ". [PMID: 21434346]
  • Pamita Bhandari, Neeraj Kumar, Bikram Singh, Paramvir S Ahuja. Online HPLC-DPPH method for antioxidant activity of Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth. and characterization of kutkoside by ultra-performance LC-electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Indian journal of experimental biology. 2010 Mar; 48(3):323-8. doi: ". [PMID: 21046989]
  • Pamita Bhandari, Neeraj Kumar, Bikram Singh, Vijay K Kaul. Simultaneous determination of sugars and picrosides in Picrorhiza species using ultrasonic extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light scattering detection. Journal of chromatography. A. 2008 Jun; 1194(2):257-61. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.04.062. [PMID: 18490023]
  • Jing Lv, Liyi Pan, Yunhua Ye, Yawei Zhou. A sensitive and selective RP-HPLC method for simultaneous determination of picroside-I and picroside-II in rat plasma and its application in pharmacokinetics studies. Journal of separation science. 2007 Oct; 30(15):2466-72. doi: 10.1002/jssc.200700139. [PMID: 17628865]
  • Ting Li, Jian-Wen Liu, Xiao-Dong Zhang, Ming-Chuan Guo, Guang Ji. The neuroprotective effect of picroside II from hu-huang-lian against oxidative stress. The American journal of Chinese medicine. 2007; 35(4):681-91. doi: 10.1142/s0192415x0700517x. [PMID: 17708634]
  • Hua Gao, Ya-Wei Zhou. Anti-lipid peroxidation and protection of liver mitochondria against injuries by picroside II. World journal of gastroenterology. 2005 Jun; 11(24):3671-4. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v11.i24.3671. [PMID: 15968718]
  • Hua Gao, Ya-wei Zhou. Inhibitory effect of picroside II on hepatocyte apoptosis. Acta pharmacologica Sinica. 2005 Jun; 26(6):729-36. doi: 10.1111/j.1745-7254.2005.00729.x. [PMID: 15916740]
  • Fu-Chuan Yang, Shi-Lin Yang, Li-Zhen Xu. Determination of picroside II in dog plasma by HPLC and its application in a pharmacokinetics study. Biomedical chromatography : BMC. 2005 May; 19(4):279-84. doi: 10.1002/bmc.453. [PMID: 15651097]
  • P Li, K Matsunaga, Y Ohizumi. Nerve growth factor-potentiating compounds from Picrorhizae Rhizoma. Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin. 2000 Jul; 23(7):890-2. doi: 10.1248/bpb.23.890. [PMID: 10919373]
  • Q Jia, M F Hong, D Minter. Pikuroside: a novel iridoid from Picrorhiza kurroa. Journal of natural products. 1999 Jun; 62(6):901-3. doi: 10.1021/np980493+. [PMID: 10395515]
  • Y Kiso, M Tohkin, H Hikino. Assay method for antihepatotoxic activity using galactosamine-induced cytotoxicity in primary-cultured hepatocytes. Journal of natural products. 1983 Nov; 46(6):841-7. doi: 10.1021/np50030a003. [PMID: 6677713]