NCBI Taxonomy: 1501472
Stephania sinica (ncbi_taxid: 1501472)
found 30 associated metabolites at species taxonomy rank level.
Ancestor: Stephania
Child Taxonomies: none taxonomy data.
Tetrahydropalmatine
Tetrahydropalmatine is a berberine alkaloid obtained by formal addition of two molecules of hydrogen to the pyridine ring of palmatine. It has a role as an adrenergic agent, a non-narcotic analgesic and a dopaminergic antagonist. It is a berberine alkaloid, an organic heterotetracyclic compound and an an (S)-7,8,13,14-tetrahydroprotoberberine. It is functionally related to a palmatine. Tetrahydropalmatine is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02118610 (Treatment of Schizophrenia With L-tetrahydropalmatine (l-THP): a Novel Dopamine Antagonist With Anti-inflammatory and Antiprotozoal Activity). Tetrahydropalmatine is a natural product found in Corydalis heterocarpa, Ceratocapnos heterocarpa, and other organisms with data available. A berberine alkaloid obtained by formal addition of two molecules of hydrogen to the pyridine ring of palmatine. Tetrahydropalmatine (THP) is an isoquinoline alkaloid found in several different plant species, mainly in the genus Corydalis (Yan Hu Suo),[1][2] but also in other plants such as Stephania rotunda.[3] These plants have traditional uses in Chinese herbal medicine. The pharmaceutical industry has synthetically produced the more potent enantiomer Levo-tetrahydropalmatine (Levo-THP), which has been marketed worldwide under different brand names as an alternative to anxiolytic and sedative drugs of the benzodiazepine group and analgesics such as opiates. It is also sold as a dietary supplement. In 1940, a Vietnamese scientist Sang Dinh Bui extracted an alkaloid from the root of Stephania rotunda with the yield of 1.2–1.5\\\\\\\% and he named this compound rotundine. From 1950 to 1952, two Indian scientists studied and extracted from Stephania glabra another alkaloid named hyndanrine. In 1965, the structure of rotundine and hyndarin was proved to be the same as tetrahydropalmatine. Tetrahydropalmatine has been demonstrated to possess analgesic effects and may be beneficial in the treatment of heart disease and liver damage.[5][6] It is a blocker of voltage-activated L-type calcium channel active potassium channels.[citation needed] It is a potent muscle relaxant.[citation needed] It has also shown potential in the treatment of drug addiction to both cocaine and opiates, and preliminary human studies have shown promising results.[7][8][9] The pharmacological profile of l-THP includes antagonism of dopamine D1, and D2 receptors as well as actions at dopamine D3, alpha adrenergic and serotonin receptors. The Ki values for l-THP at D1 and D2 dopamine receptors are approximately 124 nM (D1) and 388 nM (D2). In addition to the antagonism of post-synaptic dopamine receptors, the blockade of pre-synaptic autoreceptors by l-THP results in increased dopamine release, and it has been suggested that lower affinity of l-THP for D2 receptors may confer some degree of autoreceptor selectivity. Along with dopamine receptors, l-THP has been reported to interact with a number of other receptor types, including alpha-1 adrenergic receptors, at which it functions as an antagonist, and GABA-A receptors, through positive allosteric modulation. Additionally, l-THP displays significant binding to 5-HT1A and alpha-2 adrenergic receptors. In the case of 5-HT1A receptors, l-THP binds with a Ki of approximately 340 nM.[10] Animal experiments have shown that the sedative effect of THP results from blocking dopaminergic neurons in the brain. Dopamine is an important neurotransmitter in the central nervous system where it occurs in several important signaling systems that regulate muscular activity and attention, as well as feelings of joy, enthusiasm, and creativity. Therefore, THP causes no feelings of euphoria, and has been seen as an alternative to addictive drugs for people suffering from anxiety and pain, and as a possibility for relief for people not helped by existing drugs.[citation needed] Several cases of poisoning related to THP have been reported.[11] These cases involved negative effects on respiration, cardiac activity, and the nervous system. In addition, chronic hepatitis has been reported, caused by THP production in East Asia under conditions that were insufficiently sterile. Fatalities started to be reported in 1999 in cases where THP had been used in combination with other drugs having analgesic and anti-anxiety effects. All 1999 deaths could be tied to a single THP-based supplement, sold under the name "Jin Bu Huan Anodyne Tablets". Toxicity with even Jin Bu Huan has been reported.[12] This product was therefore blacklisted by US and European health authorities. In some other countries, such as Singapore, THP is treated as a controlled substance, and license is required to sell it.[citation needed] Rotundine is an antagonist of dopamine D1, D2 and D3 receptors with IC50s of 166 nM, 1.4 μM and 3.3 μM, respectively. Rotundine is also an antagonist of 5-HT1A with an IC50 of 370 nM. Rotundine is an antagonist of dopamine D1, D2 and D3 receptors with IC50s of 166 nM, 1.4 μM and 3.3 μM, respectively. Rotundine is also an antagonist of 5-HT1A with an IC50 of 370 nM. Rotundine is an antagonist of dopamine D1, D2 and D3 receptors with IC50s of 166 nM, 1.4 μM and 3.3 μM, respectively. Rotundine is also an antagonist of 5-HT1A with an IC50 of 370 nM. Tetrahydropalmatine possesses analgesic effects. Tetrahydropalmatine acts through inhibition of amygdaloid release of dopamine to inhibit an epileptic attack in rats[1]. Tetrahydropalmatine possesses analgesic effects. Tetrahydropalmatine acts through inhibition of amygdaloid release of dopamine to inhibit an epileptic attack in rats[1]. Tetrahydropalmatine possesses analgesic effects. Tetrahydropalmatine acts through inhibition of amygdaloid release of dopamine to inhibit an epileptic attack in rats[1].
Cepharanthine
C37H38N2O6 (606.2729727999999)
Cepharanthine is a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid from tubers of Stephania; stimulates recovery of immunologic function in lymphatic system after administration of antineoplastic agents or x-irradiation. It is a member of isoquinolines and a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid. Cepharanthine is a natural product found in Stephania sinica, Stephania cephalantha, and other organisms with data available. A bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid from tubers of Stephania; stimulates recovery of immunologic function in lymphatic system after administration of antineoplastic agents or x-irradiation. C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C241 - Analgesic Agent > C2198 - Nonnarcotic Analgesic COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D020011 - Protective Agents > D011837 - Radiation-Protective Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Origin: Plant; SubCategory_DNP: Isoquinoline alkaloids, Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids Cepharanthine is a natural product that can be isolated from the plant Stephania?cephalantha?Hayata. Cepharanthine has anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (anti-SARS-CoV-2) activities. Cepharanthine has good effective in suppressing viral proliferation (half maximal (50\\%) inhibitory concentration (IC50) and 90\\% inhibitory concentration (IC90) values of 1.90 and 4.46?μM[1]. Cepharanthine can also effectively reverses P-gp-mediated multidrug resistance in K562 cells and increase enhances the sensitivity of anticancer agents in xenograft mice model[2][3]. Cepharanthine shows inhibitory effects of human liver cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP3A4, CYP2E1 and CYP2C9. Cepharanthine has antitumor, anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects[4][5][6][7][8]. Cepharanthine is a natural product that can be isolated from the plant Stephania?cephalantha?Hayata. Cepharanthine has anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (anti-SARS-CoV-2) activities. Cepharanthine has good effective in suppressing viral proliferation (half maximal (50\%) inhibitory concentration (IC50) and 90\% inhibitory concentration (IC90) values of 1.90 and 4.46?μM[1]. Cepharanthine can also effectively reverses P-gp-mediated multidrug resistance in K562 cells and increase enhances the sensitivity of anticancer agents in xenograft mice model[2][3]. Cepharanthine shows inhibitory effects of human liver cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP3A4, CYP2E1 and CYP2C9. Cepharanthine has antitumor, anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects[4][5][6][7][8].
beta-Sitosterol
beta-Sitosterol, a main dietary phytosterol found in plants, may have the potential for prevention and therapy for human cancer. Phytosterols are plant sterols found in foods such as oils, nuts, and vegetables. Phytosterols, in the same way as cholesterol, contain a double bond and are susceptible to oxidation, and are characterized by anti-carcinogenic and anti-atherogenic properties (PMID:13129445, 11432711). beta-Sitosterol is a phytopharmacological extract containing a mixture of phytosterols, with smaller amounts of other sterols, bonded with glucosides. These phytosterols are commonly derived from the South African star grass, Hypoxis rooperi, or from species of Pinus and Picea. The purported active constituent is termed beta-sitosterol. Additionally, the quantity of beta-sitosterol-beta-D-glucoside is often reported. Although the exact mechanism of action of beta-sitosterols is unknown, it may be related to cholesterol metabolism or anti-inflammatory effects (via interference with prostaglandin metabolism). Compared with placebo, beta-sitosterol improved urinary symptom scores and flow measures (PMID:10368239). A plant food-based diet modifies the serum beta-sitosterol concentration in hyperandrogenic postmenopausal women. This finding indicates that beta-sitosterol can be used as a biomarker of exposure in observational studies or as a compliance indicator in dietary intervention studies of cancer prevention (PMID:14652381). beta-Sitosterol induces apoptosis and activates key caspases in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells (PMID:12579296). Sitosterol is a member of the class of phytosterols that is stigmast-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3. It has a role as a sterol methyltransferase inhibitor, an anticholesteremic drug, an antioxidant, a plant metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a 3beta-sterol, a stigmastane sterol, a 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid, a C29-steroid and a member of phytosterols. It derives from a hydride of a stigmastane. Active fraction of Solanum trilobatum; reduces side-effects of radiation-induced toxicity. Beta-Sitosterol is a natural product found in Elodea canadensis, Ophiopogon intermedius, and other organisms with data available. beta-Sitosterol is one of several phytosterols (plant sterols) with chemical structures similar to that of cholesterol. Sitosterols are white, waxy powders with a characteristic odor. They are hydrophobic and soluble in alcohols. beta-Sitosterol is found in many foods, some of which are ginseng, globe artichoke, sesbania flower, and common oregano. C1907 - Drug, Natural Product > C28178 - Phytosterol > C68437 - Unsaturated Phytosterol D057847 - Lipid Regulating Agents > D000960 - Hypolipidemic Agents D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\\%) is a plant sterol. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\\%) interfere with multiple cell signaling pathways, including cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, survival, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis and inflammation[1]. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\%) is a plant sterol. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\%) interfere with multiple cell signaling pathways, including cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, survival, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis and inflammation[1].
Aloeemodin
Aloe emodin is a dihydroxyanthraquinone that is chrysazin carrying a hydroxymethyl group at position 3. It has been isolated from plant species of the genus Aloe. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent and a plant metabolite. It is a dihydroxyanthraquinone and an aromatic primary alcohol. It is functionally related to a chrysazin. Aloe-emodin is a natural product found in Rhamnus davurica, Aloe succotrina, and other organisms with data available. See also: Frangula purshiana Bark (part of). Aloeemodin is found in green vegetables. Aloeemodin is found in aloes, also bark of cascara sagrada Rhamnus purshiana, Chinese rhubarb Rheum palmatum and Rheum undulatum (rhubarb).Aloe emodin is an anthraquinone present in aloe latex, an exudate from the aloe plant. It has a strong stimulant-laxative action. (Wikipedia A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is chrysazin carrying a hydroxymethyl group at position 3. It has been isolated from plant species of the genus Aloe. CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1086; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5097; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5094 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1086; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8556; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8554 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1086; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8561; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8559 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1086; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8572; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8570 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1086; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5090; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5089 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1086; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5096; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5093 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1086; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5085; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5082 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1086; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8558; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8556 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1086; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8554; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8550 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1086; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5082; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5079 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1086; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5104; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5099 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1086; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX507; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 8540; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 8539 Aloe emodin is a hydroxyanthraquinone extracted from aloe leaves and has been shown to have anti-tumor activity in vitro and in vivo. Aloe emodin is a hydroxyanthraquinone extracted from aloe leaves and has been shown to have anti-tumor activity in vitro and in vivo.
Cycleanine
C38H42N2O6 (622.3042712000001)
Cycleanine is a potent vascular selective Calcium antagonist. Cycleanine has analgesic, muscle relaxant and anti-inflammatory activities. Cycleanine has potential for anti-ovarian cancer acting through the apoptosis pathway[1][2]. Cycleanine is a potent vascular selective Calcium antagonist. Cycleanine has analgesic, muscle relaxant and anti-inflammatory activities. Cycleanine has potential for anti-ovarian cancer acting through the apoptosis pathway[1][2].
sitosterol
A member of the class of phytosterols that is stigmast-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3. C1907 - Drug, Natural Product > C28178 - Phytosterol > C68437 - Unsaturated Phytosterol D057847 - Lipid Regulating Agents > D000960 - Hypolipidemic Agents D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\\%) is a plant sterol. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\\%) interfere with multiple cell signaling pathways, including cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, survival, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis and inflammation[1]. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\%) is a plant sterol. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\%) interfere with multiple cell signaling pathways, including cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, survival, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis and inflammation[1].
rotundine
D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents > D014150 - Antipsychotic Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs > D014149 - Tranquilizing Agents D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D015259 - Dopamine Agents > D018492 - Dopamine Antagonists D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D002121 - Calcium Channel Blockers D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000959 - Antihypertensive Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D000889 - Anti-Arrhythmia Agents D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018663 - Adrenergic Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D000077264 - Calcium-Regulating Hormones and Agents D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators Origin: Plant; SubCategory_DNP: Isoquinoline alkaloids, Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids Tetrahydropalmatine possesses analgesic effects. Tetrahydropalmatine acts through inhibition of amygdaloid release of dopamine to inhibit an epileptic attack in rats[1]. Tetrahydropalmatine possesses analgesic effects. Tetrahydropalmatine acts through inhibition of amygdaloid release of dopamine to inhibit an epileptic attack in rats[1]. Tetrahydropalmatine possesses analgesic effects. Tetrahydropalmatine acts through inhibition of amygdaloid release of dopamine to inhibit an epileptic attack in rats[1].
Harzol
C1907 - Drug, Natural Product > C28178 - Phytosterol > C68437 - Unsaturated Phytosterol D057847 - Lipid Regulating Agents > D000960 - Hypolipidemic Agents D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\\%) is a plant sterol. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\\%) interfere with multiple cell signaling pathways, including cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, survival, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis and inflammation[1]. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\%) is a plant sterol. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>98\%) interfere with multiple cell signaling pathways, including cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, survival, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis and inflammation[1].
(1r,3as,3br,5ar,7s,9as,9bs,11ar)-1-[(2r,5r)-5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-9a,11a-dimethyl-tetradecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-7-ol
22,33-dimethoxy-13,28-dimethyl-2,5,7,20-tetraoxa-13,28-diazaoctacyclo[25.6.2.2¹⁶,¹⁹.1³,¹⁰.1²¹,²⁵.0⁴,⁸.0³¹,³⁵.0¹⁴,³⁹]nonatriaconta-1(34),3,8,10(39),16,18,21(36),22,24,31(35),32,37-dodecaene
C37H38N2O6 (606.2729727999999)
(14s,27r)-22,33-dimethoxy-13,28-dimethyl-2,5,7,20-tetraoxa-13,28-diazaoctacyclo[25.6.2.2¹⁶,¹⁹.1³,¹⁰.1²¹,²⁵.0⁴,⁸.0³¹,³⁵.0¹⁴,³⁹]nonatriaconta-1(34),3,8,10(39),16,18,21(36),22,24,31(35),32,37-dodecaene
C37H38N2O6 (606.2729727999999)