Exact Mass: 999.322228
Exact Mass Matches: 999.322228
Found 64 metabolites which its exact mass value is equals to given mass value 999.322228,
within given mass tolerance error 0.05 dalton. Try search metabolite list with more accurate mass tolerance error
0.01 dalton.
(9Z,12Z)-hexadeca-9,12,15-trienoyl-CoA
C37H60N7O17P3S (999.2979100000001)
An unsaturated fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of (9Z,12Z)-hexadeca-9,12,15-trienoic acid.
Lacto-N-difucopentaose II
Lacto-N-difucopentaose II is an oligosaccharide first isolated from human milk by recycling chromatography in 1988. Is resistant to enzymic hydrolysis in the gastrointestinal tract of the infant; it is postulated that they reach the large intestine where they serve as substrates for bacterial metabolism. Oligosaccharides in human milk represent a group of bioactive molecules that have evolved to be an abundant and diverse component of human milk, even though they have no direct nutritive value to the infant. (PMID 3274083, 10837303, 11787695, 14530096, 17002410) [HMDB] Lacto-N-difucopentaose II is an oligosaccharide first isolated from human milk by recycling chromatography in 1988. Is resistant to enzymic hydrolysis in the gastrointestinal tract of the infant; it is postulated that they reach the large intestine where they serve as substrates for bacterial metabolism. Oligosaccharides in human milk represent a group of bioactive molecules that have evolved to be an abundant and diverse component of human milk, even though they have no direct nutritive value to the infant. (PMID 3274083, 10837303, 11787695, 14530096, 17002410).
Lacto-N-difucohexaose
Lacto-N-difucohexaose (LDFH) is a fucosyloligosaccharide present in human milk and colostrum. Human colostrum is known to be important for the protection of infants against infection by pathogenic microorganisms. This protection is thought to be due, partially, to various neutral and acidic oligosaccharides that are present in colostrum and milk. Moderate-to-severe diarrhea of all causes occurs less often in infants whose milk contains high levels of total 2-linked fucosyloligosaccharides as a percent of milk oligosaccharide. Calicivirus diarrhea occurs less often in infants whose mothers milk contains high levels of LDFH. (PMID: 15343178, 17375110, 12568665) [HMDB] Lacto-N-difucohexaose (LDFH) is a fucosyloligosaccharide present in human milk and colostrum. Human colostrum is known to be important for the protection of infants against infection by pathogenic microorganisms. This protection is thought to be due, partially, to various neutral and acidic oligosaccharides that are present in colostrum and milk. Moderate-to-severe diarrhea of all causes occurs less often in infants whose milk contains high levels of total 2-linked fucosyloligosaccharides as a percent of milk oligosaccharide. Calicivirus diarrhea occurs less often in infants whose mothers milk contains high levels of LDFH. (PMID: 15343178, 17375110, 12568665).
(5E,8E,11E)-hexadeca-5,8,11-trienoyl-CoA
C37H60N7O17P3S (999.2979100000001)
(5e,8e,11e)-hexadeca-5,8,11-trienoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a (5E_8E_11E)-hexadeca-5_8_11-trienoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. (5e,8e,11e)-hexadeca-5,8,11-trienoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 10 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. (5e,8e,11e)-hexadeca-5,8,11-trienoyl-coa is therefore classified as a medium chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. (5e,8e,11e)-hexadeca-5,8,11-trienoyl-coa, being a medium chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for medium chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, (5E,8E,11E)-hexadeca-5,8,11-trienoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of (5E,8E,11E)-hexadeca-5,8,11-trienoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts (5E,8E,11E)-hexadeca-5,8,11-trienoyl-CoA into (5E_8E_11E)-hexadeca-5_8_11-trienoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, (5E_8E_11E)-hexadeca-5_8_11-trienoylcarnitine is converted back to (5E,8E,11E)-hexadeca-5,8,11-trienoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of (5E,8E,11E)-hexadeca-5,8,11-trienoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since (5E,8E,11E)-hexadeca-5,8,11-trienoyl-CoA is a medium chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of (5E,8E,11E)-hexadeca-5,8,11-trienoyl-CoA, creating a double bon...
hexadeca-7,10,13-trienoyl-CoA
C37H60N7O17P3S (999.2979100000001)
Hexadeca-7,10,13-trienoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a hexadeca-7_10_13-trienoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. Hexadeca-7,10,13-trienoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 16 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. Hexadeca-7,10,13-trienoyl-coa is therefore classified as a long chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. Hexadeca-7,10,13-trienoyl-coa, being a long chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for long chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, hexadeca-7,10,13-trienoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of hexadeca-7,10,13-trienoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts hexadeca-7,10,13-trienoyl-CoA into hexadeca-7_10_13-trienoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, hexadeca-7_10_13-trienoylcarnitine is converted back to hexadeca-7,10,13-trienoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of hexadeca-7,10,13-trienoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since hexadeca-7,10,13-trienoyl-CoA is a long chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of hexadeca-7,10,13-trienoyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase catalyzes the addition of water across the newly forme...
(6E,9E,12E)-hexadeca-6,9,12-trienoyl-CoA
C37H60N7O17P3S (999.2979100000001)
(6e,9e,12e)-hexadeca-6,9,12-trienoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a (6E_9E_12E)-hexadeca-6_9_12-trienoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. (6e,9e,12e)-hexadeca-6,9,12-trienoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 10 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. (6e,9e,12e)-hexadeca-6,9,12-trienoyl-coa is therefore classified as a medium chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. (6e,9e,12e)-hexadeca-6,9,12-trienoyl-coa, being a medium chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for medium chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, (6E,9E,12E)-hexadeca-6,9,12-trienoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of (6E,9E,12E)-hexadeca-6,9,12-trienoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts (6E,9E,12E)-hexadeca-6,9,12-trienoyl-CoA into (6E_9E_12E)-hexadeca-6_9_12-trienoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, (6E_9E_12E)-hexadeca-6_9_12-trienoylcarnitine is converted back to (6E,9E,12E)-hexadeca-6,9,12-trienoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of (6E,9E,12E)-hexadeca-6,9,12-trienoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since (6E,9E,12E)-hexadeca-6,9,12-trienoyl-CoA is a medium chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of (6E,9E,12E)-hexadeca-6,9,12-trienoyl-CoA, creating a double bon...
(4E,7E,10E)-hexadeca-4,7,10-trienoyl-CoA
C37H60N7O17P3S (999.2979100000001)
(4e,7e,10e)-hexadeca-4,7,10-trienoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a (4E_7E_10E)-hexadeca-4_7_10-trienoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. (4e,7e,10e)-hexadeca-4,7,10-trienoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 10 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. (4e,7e,10e)-hexadeca-4,7,10-trienoyl-coa is therefore classified as a medium chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. (4e,7e,10e)-hexadeca-4,7,10-trienoyl-coa, being a medium chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for medium chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, (4E,7E,10E)-hexadeca-4,7,10-trienoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of (4E,7E,10E)-hexadeca-4,7,10-trienoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts (4E,7E,10E)-hexadeca-4,7,10-trienoyl-CoA into (4E_7E_10E)-hexadeca-4_7_10-trienoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, (4E_7E_10E)-hexadeca-4_7_10-trienoylcarnitine is converted back to (4E,7E,10E)-hexadeca-4,7,10-trienoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of (4E,7E,10E)-hexadeca-4,7,10-trienoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since (4E,7E,10E)-hexadeca-4,7,10-trienoyl-CoA is a medium chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of (4E,7E,10E)-hexadeca-4,7,10-trienoyl-CoA, creating a double bon...
(7Z,11Z,14Z)-hexadeca-7,11,14-trienoyl-CoA
C37H60N7O17P3S (999.2979100000001)
(7z,11z,14z)-hexadeca-7,11,14-trienoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a (7Z_11Z_14Z)-hexadeca-7_11_14-trienoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. (7z,11z,14z)-hexadeca-7,11,14-trienoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 1 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. (7z,11z,14z)-hexadeca-7,11,14-trienoyl-coa is therefore classified as a short chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. (7z,11z,14z)-hexadeca-7,11,14-trienoyl-coa, being a short chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for short chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, (7Z,11Z,14Z)-hexadeca-7,11,14-trienoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of (7Z,11Z,14Z)-hexadeca-7,11,14-trienoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts (7Z,11Z,14Z)-hexadeca-7,11,14-trienoyl-CoA into (7Z_11Z_14Z)-hexadeca-7_11_14-trienoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, (7Z_11Z_14Z)-hexadeca-7_11_14-trienoylcarnitine is converted back to (7Z,11Z,14Z)-hexadeca-7,11,14-trienoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of (7Z,11Z,14Z)-hexadeca-7,11,14-trienoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since (7Z,11Z,14Z)-hexadeca-7,11,14-trienoyl-CoA is a short chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a short chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of (7Z,11Z,14Z)-hexadeca-7,11,14-trienoyl-CoA,...
(4E,7E,13E)-hexadeca-4,7,13-trienoyl-CoA
C37H60N7O17P3S (999.2979100000001)
(4e,7e,13e)-hexadeca-4,7,13-trienoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a (4E_7E_13E)-hexadeca-4_7_13-trienoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. (4e,7e,13e)-hexadeca-4,7,13-trienoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 1 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. (4e,7e,13e)-hexadeca-4,7,13-trienoyl-coa is therefore classified as a short chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. (4e,7e,13e)-hexadeca-4,7,13-trienoyl-coa, being a short chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for short chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, (4E,7E,13E)-hexadeca-4,7,13-trienoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of (4E,7E,13E)-hexadeca-4,7,13-trienoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts (4E,7E,13E)-hexadeca-4,7,13-trienoyl-CoA into (4E_7E_13E)-hexadeca-4_7_13-trienoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, (4E_7E_13E)-hexadeca-4_7_13-trienoylcarnitine is converted back to (4E,7E,13E)-hexadeca-4,7,13-trienoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of (4E,7E,13E)-hexadeca-4,7,13-trienoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since (4E,7E,13E)-hexadeca-4,7,13-trienoyl-CoA is a short chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a short chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of (4E,7E,13E)-hexadeca-4,7,13-trienoyl-CoA, creating a double bond betw...
(6Z,10Z,14Z)-hexadeca-6,10,14-trienoyl-CoA
C37H60N7O17P3S (999.2979100000001)
(6z,10z,14z)-hexadeca-6,10,14-trienoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a (6Z_10Z_14Z)-hexadeca-6_10_14-trienoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. (6z,10z,14z)-hexadeca-6,10,14-trienoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 1 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. (6z,10z,14z)-hexadeca-6,10,14-trienoyl-coa is therefore classified as a short chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. (6z,10z,14z)-hexadeca-6,10,14-trienoyl-coa, being a short chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for short chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, (6Z,10Z,14Z)-hexadeca-6,10,14-trienoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of (6Z,10Z,14Z)-hexadeca-6,10,14-trienoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts (6Z,10Z,14Z)-hexadeca-6,10,14-trienoyl-CoA into (6Z_10Z_14Z)-hexadeca-6_10_14-trienoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, (6Z_10Z_14Z)-hexadeca-6_10_14-trienoylcarnitine is converted back to (6Z,10Z,14Z)-hexadeca-6,10,14-trienoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of (6Z,10Z,14Z)-hexadeca-6,10,14-trienoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since (6Z,10Z,14Z)-hexadeca-6,10,14-trienoyl-CoA is a short chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a short chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of (6Z,10Z,14Z)-hexadeca-6,10,14-trienoyl-CoA,...
beta-D-Galp(1->3)-[alpha-L-Fucp(1->4)]-beta-D-GlcpNAc(1->3)-beta-D-Galp(1->4)-[alpha-L-Fuc(1->3)]-D-Glcp|lacto-N-difucohexaose II
LNDFH II
LND I
(Z)-octadec-9-enyl [5-[[[2-[[(perfluorooctyl)sulphonyl]methylamino]ethoxy]carbonyl]amino]-o-tolyl]carbamate
ALPHA-FUC-[1->2]-BETA-GAL-[1->4][ALPHA-FUC-(1->3)]-BETA-GLCNAC-[1->3]-BETA-GAL-[1->4]-GLC
(2E)-Hexadecenoyl-CoA
C37H60N7O17P3S-4 (999.2979100000001)
COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
a hexadecenoyl-CoA (n-C16:1CoA)
C37H60N7O17P3S-4 (999.2979100000001)
(5E,8E,11E)-hexadeca-5,8,11-trienoyl-CoA
C37H60N7O17P3S (999.2979100000001)
(6E,9E,12E)-hexadeca-6,9,12-trienoyl-CoA
C37H60N7O17P3S (999.2979100000001)
(4E,7E,10E)-hexadeca-4,7,10-trienoyl-CoA
C37H60N7O17P3S (999.2979100000001)
(4E,7E,13E)-hexadeca-4,7,13-trienoyl-CoA
C37H60N7O17P3S (999.2979100000001)
(7Z,11Z,14Z)-hexadeca-7,11,14-trienoyl-CoA
C37H60N7O17P3S (999.2979100000001)
(6Z,10Z,14Z)-hexadeca-6,10,14-trienoyl-CoA
C37H60N7O17P3S (999.2979100000001)
(E)-2-methylpentadec-2-enoyl-CoA(4-)
C37H60N7O17P3S-4 (999.2979100000001)
Fuc(a1-2)Gal(b1-3)[Fuc(a1-4)]GlcNAc(b1-3)Gal(b1-4)b-Glc
S-[2-[3-[[(2R)-4-[[[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-3-phosphonooxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanoyl]amino]propanoylamino]ethyl] (7Z,10Z,13Z)-hexadeca-7,10,13-trienethioate
C37H60N7O17P3S (999.2979100000001)
alpha-L-Fucp-(1->3)-[alpha-L-Fucp-(1->2)-beta-D-Galp-(1->4)]-beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1->3)-beta-D-Galp-(1->4)-D-Glcp
Gal(a1-3)[Fuc(a1-4)]GlcNAc(b1-4)[Fuc(a1-3)]Gal(b1-4)Glc
Fuc(a1-2)Gal(b1-4)[Fuc(a1-3)]GlcNAc(b1-3)Gal(b1-4)b-Glc
Fuc(a1-2)Gal(b1-4)GlcNAc(b1-3)Gal(b1-4)[Fuc(a1-3)]Glc
Fuc(a1-2)Gal(b1-3)[Fuc(a1-4)]GlcNAc(b1-3)Gal(b1-4)a-Man
Fuc(a1-4)Gal(b1-3)[Fuc(a1-4)]GlcNAc(b1-3)Gal(b1-4)Glc
Fuc(a1-2)Gal(b1-3)[Fuc(a1-4)]GlcNAc(b1-4)Gal(b1-4)Glc
Fuc(a1-3)[Gal(b1-4)]GlcNAc(b1-3)Gal(b1-4)[Fuc(a1-3)]Glc
Fuc(a1-2)Gal(b1-3)GlcNAc(b1-3)[Fuc(a1-2)]Gal(b1-4)Glc
Fuc(a1-2)[Gal(a1-3)]Gal(b1-3)[Fuc(a1-4)]GlcNAc(b1-3)Gal
Fuc(a1-2)Gal(b1-3)[Fuc(a1-4)]GlcNAc(b1-3)Gal(b1-4)Man
palmitoleoyl-CoA(4-)
C37H60N7O17P3S (999.2979100000001)
A hexadecenoyl-CoA(4-) obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate and diphosphate OH groups of palmitoleyl-CoA.
(7Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoA(4-)
C37H60N7O17P3S (999.2979100000001)
A monounsaturated fatty acyl-CoA(4-) obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate and diphosphate OH groups of (7Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoA; major species at pH 7.3.
(14E)-hexadecenoyl-CoA(4-)
C37H60N7O17P3S (999.2979100000001)
A monounsaturated fatty acyl-CoA(4-) arising from deprotonation of the phosphate and diphosphate OH groups of (14E)-hexadecenoyl-CoA; major species at pH 7.3.
(14Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoA(4-)
C37H60N7O17P3S (999.2979100000001)
A monounsaturated fatty acyl-CoA(4-) arising from deprotonation of the phosphate and diphosphate OH groups of (14Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoA; major species at pH 7.3.
(E)-2-methylpentadec-2-enoyl-CoA(4-)
C37H60N7O17P3S (999.2979100000001)
A monounsaturated fatty acyl-CoA(4-) obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate and diphosphate OH groups of (E)-2-methylpentadec-2-enoyl-CoA; major species at pH 7.3.
(6Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoA(4-)
C37H60N7O17P3S (999.2979100000001)
An acyl-CoA(4-) arising from deprotonation of the phosphate and diphosphate functions of (6Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoA.
(11Z)-hexadec-11-enoyl-CoA(4-)
C37H60N7O17P3S (999.2979100000001)
A monounsaturated fatty acyl-CoA(4-) obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate and diphosphate OH groups of (11Z)-hexadec-11-enoyl-CoA; major species at pH 7.3.
(E)-hexadec-2-enoyl-CoA(4-)
C37H60N7O17P3S (999.2979100000001)
A hexadecenoyl-CoA(4-) obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate and diphosphate OH groups of (E)-hexadec-2-enoyl-CoA; major species at pH 7.3.