Exact Mass: 909.1894286
Exact Mass Matches: 909.1894286
Found 56 metabolites which its exact mass value is equals to given mass value 909.1894286
,
within given mass tolerance error 0.05 dalton. Try search metabolite list with more accurate mass tolerance error
0.01 dalton.
pimeloyl-CoA
C28H46N7O19P3S (909.1781956000001)
Pimeloyl-coa, also known as pimeloyl-coenzyme a or 6-carboxyhexanoyl-coa, is a member of the class of compounds known as 2,3,4-saturated fatty acyl coas. 2,3,4-saturated fatty acyl coas are acyl-CoAs carrying a 2,3,4-saturated fatty acyl chain. Thus, pimeloyl-coa is considered to be a fatty ester lipid molecule. Pimeloyl-coa is slightly soluble (in water) and an extremely strong acidic compound (based on its pKa). Pimeloyl-coa can be synthesized from pimelic acid and coenzyme A. Pimeloyl-coa is also a parent compound for other transformation products, including but not limited to, 3-hydroxypimeloyl-CoA, 3-oxopimeloyl-CoA, and 2,3-didehydropimeloyl-CoA. Pimeloyl-coa can be found in a number of food items such as german camomile, rose hip, chinese chestnut, and star anise, which makes pimeloyl-coa a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Pimeloyl-coa may be a unique S.cerevisiae (yeast) metabolite.
3-Oxoadipyl-CoA
C27H42N7O20P3S (909.1418122000001)
This compound belongs to the family of 3-Oxo-acyl CoAs. These are organic compounds containing a 3-oxo acylated coenzyme A derivative.
(S)-Hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA
C29H50N7O18P3S (909.2145790000001)
Coenzyme A is notable for its role in the synthesis and oxidation of fatty acids. Since coenzyme A is chemically a thiol, it can react with carboxylic acids to form thioesters, thus functioning as an acyl group carrier. It assists in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. Specifically (S)-Hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA is involved in fatty acid metabolism. It is the product of a reaction between 3-Oxooctanoyl-CoA and two enzymes; 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA Dehydrogenase and long-chain- 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase. [HMDB] Coenzyme A is notable for its role in the synthesis and oxidation of fatty acids. Since coenzyme A is chemically a thiol, it can react with carboxylic acids to form thioesters, thus functioning as an acyl group carrier. It assists in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. Specifically (S)-Hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA is involved in fatty acid metabolism. It is the product of a reaction between 3-Oxooctanoyl-CoA and two enzymes; 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA Dehydrogenase and long-chain- 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase.
2,6-dihydroxycyclohexane-1-carbonyl-CoA
C28H46N7O19P3S (909.1781956000001)
An acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of 2,6-dihydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid.
(R)-3-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA
C29H50N7O18P3S (909.2145790000001)
An (R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of (R)-3-hydroxyoctanoic acid.
3-Hydroxyvalproic acid CoA
C29H50N7O18P3S (909.2145790000001)
3-Hydroxyvalproicd acid CoA is a metabolite of valproic acid. Valproic acid (VPA) is a chemical compound and an acid that has found clinical use as an anticonvulsant and mood-stabilizing drug, primarily in the treatment of epilepsy, bipolar disorder, and, less commonly, major depression. It is also used to treat migraine headaches and schizophrenia. VPA is a liquid at room temperature, but it can be reacted with a base such as sodium hydroxide to form the salt sodium valproate, which is a solid. (Wikipedia)
2,2-dimethylpentanedioyl-CoA
C28H46N7O19P3S (909.1781956000001)
2,2-dimethylpentanedioyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a 2_2-dimethylpentanedioic acid thioester of coenzyme A. 2,2-dimethylpentanedioyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 6 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. 2,2-dimethylpentanedioyl-coa is therefore classified as a medium chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. 2,2-dimethylpentanedioyl-coa, being a medium chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for medium chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, 2,2-dimethylpentanedioyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of 2,2-dimethylpentanedioyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts 2,2-dimethylpentanedioyl-CoA into 2_2-dimethylpentanedioylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, 2_2-dimethylpentanedioylcarnitine is converted back to 2,2-dimethylpentanedioyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of 2,2-dimethylpentanedioyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since 2,2-dimethylpentanedioyl-CoA is a medium chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of 2,2-dimethylpentanedioyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase catalyzes the addition of water across the newly formed dou...
(2E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylpent-2-enedioyl-CoA
C27H42N7O20P3S (909.1418122000001)
(2e)-4-hydroxy-3-methylpent-2-enedioyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a (2E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylpent-2-enedioic acid thioester of coenzyme A. (2e)-4-hydroxy-3-methylpent-2-enedioyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 6 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. (2e)-4-hydroxy-3-methylpent-2-enedioyl-coa is therefore classified as a medium chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. (2e)-4-hydroxy-3-methylpent-2-enedioyl-coa, being a medium chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for medium chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, (2E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylpent-2-enedioyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of (2E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylpent-2-enedioyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts (2E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylpent-2-enedioyl-CoA into (2E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylpent-2-enedioylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, (2E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylpent-2-enedioylcarnitine is converted back to (2E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylpent-2-enedioyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of (2E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylpent-2-enedioyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since (2E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylpent-2-enedioyl-CoA is a medium chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of (2E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylpent-2-enedioyl...
5-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA
C29H50N7O18P3S (909.2145790000001)
5-hydroxyoctanoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a 5-hydroxyoctanoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. 5-hydroxyoctanoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 8 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. 5-hydroxyoctanoyl-coa is therefore classified as a medium chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. 5-hydroxyoctanoyl-coa, being a medium chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for medium chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, 5-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of 5-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts 5-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA into 5-hydroxyoctanoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, 5-hydroxyoctanoylcarnitine is converted back to 5-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of 5-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since 5-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA is a medium chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of 5-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase catalyzes the addition of water across the newly formed double bond to make an alcohol. Third, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase oxidizes the alcohol group to ...
7-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA
C29H50N7O18P3S (909.2145790000001)
7-hydroxyoctanoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a 7-hydroxyoctanoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. 7-hydroxyoctanoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 8 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. 7-hydroxyoctanoyl-coa is therefore classified as a medium chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. 7-hydroxyoctanoyl-coa, being a medium chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for medium chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, 7-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of 7-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts 7-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA into 7-hydroxyoctanoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, 7-hydroxyoctanoylcarnitine is converted back to 7-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of 7-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since 7-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA is a medium chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of 7-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase catalyzes the addition of water across the newly formed double bond to make an alcohol. Third, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase oxidizes the alcohol group to ...
(3R)-3-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA
C29H50N7O18P3S (909.2145790000001)
(3r)-3-hydroxyoctanoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a (3R)-3-hydroxyoctanoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. (3r)-3-hydroxyoctanoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 3 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. (3r)-3-hydroxyoctanoyl-coa is therefore classified as a short chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. (3r)-3-hydroxyoctanoyl-coa, being a short chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for short chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, (3R)-3-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of (3R)-3-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts (3R)-3-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA into (3R)-3-hydroxyoctanoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, (3R)-3-hydroxyoctanoylcarnitine is converted back to (3R)-3-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of (3R)-3-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since (3R)-3-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA is a short chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a short chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of (3R)-3-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase catalyzes the addition of water across the newly formed double bond to make an alcohol. Thir...
6-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA
C29H50N7O18P3S (909.2145790000001)
6-hydroxyoctanoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a 6-hydroxyoctanoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. 6-hydroxyoctanoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 8 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. 6-hydroxyoctanoyl-coa is therefore classified as a medium chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. 6-hydroxyoctanoyl-coa, being a medium chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for medium chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, 6-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of 6-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts 6-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA into 6-hydroxyoctanoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, 6-hydroxyoctanoylcarnitine is converted back to 6-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of 6-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since 6-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA is a medium chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of 6-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase catalyzes the addition of water across the newly formed double bond to make an alcohol. Third, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase oxidizes the alcohol group to ...
4-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA
C29H50N7O18P3S (909.2145790000001)
4-hydroxyoctanoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a 4-hydroxyoctanoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. 4-hydroxyoctanoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 8 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. 4-hydroxyoctanoyl-coa is therefore classified as a medium chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. 4-hydroxyoctanoyl-coa, being a medium chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for medium chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, 4-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of 4-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts 4-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA into 4-hydroxyoctanoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, 4-hydroxyoctanoylcarnitine is converted back to 4-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of 4-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since 4-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA is a medium chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of 4-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase catalyzes the addition of water across the newly formed double bond to make an alcohol. Third, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase oxidizes the alcohol group to ...
5-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoyl-CoA
C29H50N7O18P3S (909.2145790000001)
5-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a 5-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. 5-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 5 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. 5-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoyl-coa is therefore classified as a medium chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. 5-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoyl-coa, being a medium chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for medium chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, 5-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of 5-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts 5-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoyl-CoA into 5-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, 5-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoylcarnitine is converted back to 5-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of 5-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since 5-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoyl-CoA is a medium chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of 5-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase catalyzes the add...
3-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoyl-CoA
C29H50N7O18P3S (909.2145790000001)
3-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a 3-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. 3-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 8 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. 3-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoyl-coa is therefore classified as a medium chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. 3-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoyl-coa, being a medium chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for medium chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, 3-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of 3-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts 3-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoyl-CoA into 3-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, 3-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoylcarnitine is converted back to 3-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of 3-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since 3-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoyl-CoA is a medium chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of 3-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase catalyzes the add...
4-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoyl-CoA
C29H50N7O18P3S (909.2145790000001)
4-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a 4-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. 4-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 7 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. 4-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoyl-coa is therefore classified as a medium chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. 4-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoyl-coa, being a medium chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for medium chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, 4-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of 4-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts 4-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoyl-CoA into 4-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, 4-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoylcarnitine is converted back to 4-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of 4-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since 4-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoyl-CoA is a medium chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of 4-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase catalyzes the add...
2-ethylpentanedioyl-CoA
C28H46N7O19P3S (909.1781956000001)
2-ethylpentanedioyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a 2-ethylpentanedioic acid thioester of coenzyme A. 2-ethylpentanedioyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 7 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. 2-ethylpentanedioyl-coa is therefore classified as a medium chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. 2-ethylpentanedioyl-coa, being a medium chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for medium chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, 2-ethylpentanedioyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of 2-ethylpentanedioyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts 2-ethylpentanedioyl-CoA into 2-ethylpentanedioylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, 2-ethylpentanedioylcarnitine is converted back to 2-ethylpentanedioyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of 2-ethylpentanedioyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since 2-ethylpentanedioyl-CoA is a medium chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of 2-ethylpentanedioyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase catalyzes the addition of water across the newly formed double bond to make an alcohol. Third, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase ox...
CoA 8:0;O
C29H50N7O18P3S (909.2145790000001)
CoA 7:1;O2
C28H46N7O19P3S (909.1781956000001)
CoA 6:2;O3
C27H42N7O20P3S (909.1418122000001)
pimeloyl-CoA
C28H46N7O19P3S (909.1781956000001)
An omega carboxyacyl-CoA that is the S-pimeloyl derivative of coenzyme A.
2,2-[3-[(3-heptyl-4-methyl-3H-thiazol-2-ylidene)ethylidene]propenylene]bis[3-heptyl-4-methylthiazolium] diiodide
2,6-Dihydroxycyclohexanecarbonyl-CoA
C28H46N7O19P3S (909.1781956000001)
[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-[[[[(3R)-3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-4-oxo-4-[[3-oxo-3-[2-(4-phenylbutanoylsulfanyl)ethylamino]propyl]amino]butoxy]-oxidophosphoryl]oxy-oxidophosphoryl]oxymethyl]oxolan-3-yl] phosphate
C31H42N7O17P3S-4 (909.1570672000001)
S-[2-[3-[[(2R)-4-[[[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-3-phosphonooxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanoyl]amino]propanoylamino]ethyl] (3S)-3-hydroxy-2-propylpentanethioate
C29H50N7O18P3S (909.2145790000001)
(2E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylpent-2-enedioyl-CoA
C27H42N7O20P3S (909.1418122000001)
3-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA
C29H50N7O18P3S (909.2145790000001)
A 3-hydroxy-fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of 3-hydroxyoctanoic acid.
3-dehydrocarnityl CoA
C28H48N8O18P3S+ (909.2020037999999)
An acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of 3-dehydrocarnitine.
3-oxoadipyl-CoA; (Acyl-CoA); [M+H]+
C27H42N7O20P3S (909.1418122000001)
2,4,4-Trimethyl-3-hydroxypentanoyl-CoA
C29H50N7O18P3S (909.2145790000001)
2,6-Dihydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA
C28H46N7O19P3S (909.1781956000001)
pimeloyl-CoA; (Acyl-CoA); [M+H]+
C28H46N7O19P3S (909.1781956000001)
5-Hydroxyamino-3-Methyl-Pyrrolidine-2-Carboxylic Acid-CoA; (Acyl-CoA); [M+H]+
2,6-Anhydro-3-Deoxy-D-Erythro-Hex-2-Enonic Acid-CoA; (Acyl-CoA); [M+H]+
C27H42N7O20P3S (909.1418122000001)
S-[2-[3-[[(2R)-4-[[[(2R,3R,5R)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-3-phosphonooxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanoyl]amino]propanoylamino]ethyl] (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methyl-5-oxohexanethioate
C28H46N7O19P3S (909.1781956000001)
3-oxoadipyl-CoA
C27H42N7O20P3S (909.1418122000001)
The S-(3-oxoadipyl) derivative of coenzyme A.
(S)-3-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA
C29H50N7O18P3S (909.2145790000001)
A hydroxy fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of (S)-3-hydroxyoctanoic acid.
7-({2-[(3-{[(2r)-4-[({[(2r,3s,4r,5r)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-3-(phosphonooxy)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy(hydroxy)phosphoryl}oxy(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy]-1,2-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutylidene]amino}-1-hydroxypropylidene)amino]ethyl}sulfanyl)-7-oxoheptanoic acid
C28H46N7O19P3S (909.1781956000001)
7-[(2-{[3-({4-[({[5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-3-(phosphonooxy)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy(hydroxy)phosphoryl}oxy(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy]-1,2-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutylidene}amino)-1-hydroxypropylidene]amino}ethyl)sulfanyl]-7-oxoheptanoic acid
C28H46N7O19P3S (909.1781956000001)