Exact Mass: 909.1781956000001
Exact Mass Matches: 909.1781956000001
Found 57 metabolites which its exact mass value is equals to given mass value 909.1781956000001,
within given mass tolerance error 0.05 dalton. Try search metabolite list with more accurate mass tolerance error
0.01 dalton.
pimeloyl-CoA
C28H46N7O19P3S (909.1781956000001)
Pimeloyl-coa, also known as pimeloyl-coenzyme a or 6-carboxyhexanoyl-coa, is a member of the class of compounds known as 2,3,4-saturated fatty acyl coas. 2,3,4-saturated fatty acyl coas are acyl-CoAs carrying a 2,3,4-saturated fatty acyl chain. Thus, pimeloyl-coa is considered to be a fatty ester lipid molecule. Pimeloyl-coa is slightly soluble (in water) and an extremely strong acidic compound (based on its pKa). Pimeloyl-coa can be synthesized from pimelic acid and coenzyme A. Pimeloyl-coa is also a parent compound for other transformation products, including but not limited to, 3-hydroxypimeloyl-CoA, 3-oxopimeloyl-CoA, and 2,3-didehydropimeloyl-CoA. Pimeloyl-coa can be found in a number of food items such as german camomile, rose hip, chinese chestnut, and star anise, which makes pimeloyl-coa a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Pimeloyl-coa may be a unique S.cerevisiae (yeast) metabolite.
3-Oxoadipyl-CoA
C27H42N7O20P3S (909.1418122000001)
This compound belongs to the family of 3-Oxo-acyl CoAs. These are organic compounds containing a 3-oxo acylated coenzyme A derivative.
(S)-Hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA
C29H50N7O18P3S (909.2145790000001)
Coenzyme A is notable for its role in the synthesis and oxidation of fatty acids. Since coenzyme A is chemically a thiol, it can react with carboxylic acids to form thioesters, thus functioning as an acyl group carrier. It assists in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. Specifically (S)-Hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA is involved in fatty acid metabolism. It is the product of a reaction between 3-Oxooctanoyl-CoA and two enzymes; 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA Dehydrogenase and long-chain- 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase. [HMDB] Coenzyme A is notable for its role in the synthesis and oxidation of fatty acids. Since coenzyme A is chemically a thiol, it can react with carboxylic acids to form thioesters, thus functioning as an acyl group carrier. It assists in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. Specifically (S)-Hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA is involved in fatty acid metabolism. It is the product of a reaction between 3-Oxooctanoyl-CoA and two enzymes; 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA Dehydrogenase and long-chain- 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase.
2,6-dihydroxycyclohexane-1-carbonyl-CoA
C28H46N7O19P3S (909.1781956000001)
An acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of 2,6-dihydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid.
(R)-3-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA
C29H50N7O18P3S (909.2145790000001)
An (R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of (R)-3-hydroxyoctanoic acid.
3-Hydroxyvalproic acid CoA
C29H50N7O18P3S (909.2145790000001)
3-Hydroxyvalproicd acid CoA is a metabolite of valproic acid. Valproic acid (VPA) is a chemical compound and an acid that has found clinical use as an anticonvulsant and mood-stabilizing drug, primarily in the treatment of epilepsy, bipolar disorder, and, less commonly, major depression. It is also used to treat migraine headaches and schizophrenia. VPA is a liquid at room temperature, but it can be reacted with a base such as sodium hydroxide to form the salt sodium valproate, which is a solid. (Wikipedia)
2,2-dimethylpentanedioyl-CoA
C28H46N7O19P3S (909.1781956000001)
2,2-dimethylpentanedioyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a 2_2-dimethylpentanedioic acid thioester of coenzyme A. 2,2-dimethylpentanedioyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 6 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. 2,2-dimethylpentanedioyl-coa is therefore classified as a medium chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. 2,2-dimethylpentanedioyl-coa, being a medium chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for medium chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, 2,2-dimethylpentanedioyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of 2,2-dimethylpentanedioyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts 2,2-dimethylpentanedioyl-CoA into 2_2-dimethylpentanedioylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, 2_2-dimethylpentanedioylcarnitine is converted back to 2,2-dimethylpentanedioyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of 2,2-dimethylpentanedioyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since 2,2-dimethylpentanedioyl-CoA is a medium chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of 2,2-dimethylpentanedioyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase catalyzes the addition of water across the newly formed dou...
(2E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylpent-2-enedioyl-CoA
C27H42N7O20P3S (909.1418122000001)
(2e)-4-hydroxy-3-methylpent-2-enedioyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a (2E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylpent-2-enedioic acid thioester of coenzyme A. (2e)-4-hydroxy-3-methylpent-2-enedioyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 6 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. (2e)-4-hydroxy-3-methylpent-2-enedioyl-coa is therefore classified as a medium chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. (2e)-4-hydroxy-3-methylpent-2-enedioyl-coa, being a medium chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for medium chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, (2E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylpent-2-enedioyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of (2E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylpent-2-enedioyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts (2E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylpent-2-enedioyl-CoA into (2E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylpent-2-enedioylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, (2E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylpent-2-enedioylcarnitine is converted back to (2E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylpent-2-enedioyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of (2E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylpent-2-enedioyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since (2E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylpent-2-enedioyl-CoA is a medium chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of (2E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylpent-2-enedioyl...
5-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA
C29H50N7O18P3S (909.2145790000001)
5-hydroxyoctanoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a 5-hydroxyoctanoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. 5-hydroxyoctanoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 8 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. 5-hydroxyoctanoyl-coa is therefore classified as a medium chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. 5-hydroxyoctanoyl-coa, being a medium chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for medium chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, 5-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of 5-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts 5-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA into 5-hydroxyoctanoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, 5-hydroxyoctanoylcarnitine is converted back to 5-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of 5-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since 5-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA is a medium chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of 5-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase catalyzes the addition of water across the newly formed double bond to make an alcohol. Third, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase oxidizes the alcohol group to ...
7-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA
C29H50N7O18P3S (909.2145790000001)
7-hydroxyoctanoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a 7-hydroxyoctanoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. 7-hydroxyoctanoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 8 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. 7-hydroxyoctanoyl-coa is therefore classified as a medium chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. 7-hydroxyoctanoyl-coa, being a medium chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for medium chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, 7-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of 7-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts 7-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA into 7-hydroxyoctanoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, 7-hydroxyoctanoylcarnitine is converted back to 7-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of 7-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since 7-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA is a medium chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of 7-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase catalyzes the addition of water across the newly formed double bond to make an alcohol. Third, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase oxidizes the alcohol group to ...
(3R)-3-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA
C29H50N7O18P3S (909.2145790000001)
(3r)-3-hydroxyoctanoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a (3R)-3-hydroxyoctanoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. (3r)-3-hydroxyoctanoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 3 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. (3r)-3-hydroxyoctanoyl-coa is therefore classified as a short chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. (3r)-3-hydroxyoctanoyl-coa, being a short chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for short chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, (3R)-3-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of (3R)-3-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts (3R)-3-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA into (3R)-3-hydroxyoctanoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, (3R)-3-hydroxyoctanoylcarnitine is converted back to (3R)-3-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of (3R)-3-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since (3R)-3-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA is a short chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a short chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of (3R)-3-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase catalyzes the addition of water across the newly formed double bond to make an alcohol. Thir...
6-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA
C29H50N7O18P3S (909.2145790000001)
6-hydroxyoctanoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a 6-hydroxyoctanoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. 6-hydroxyoctanoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 8 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. 6-hydroxyoctanoyl-coa is therefore classified as a medium chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. 6-hydroxyoctanoyl-coa, being a medium chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for medium chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, 6-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of 6-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts 6-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA into 6-hydroxyoctanoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, 6-hydroxyoctanoylcarnitine is converted back to 6-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of 6-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since 6-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA is a medium chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of 6-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase catalyzes the addition of water across the newly formed double bond to make an alcohol. Third, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase oxidizes the alcohol group to ...
4-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA
C29H50N7O18P3S (909.2145790000001)
4-hydroxyoctanoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a 4-hydroxyoctanoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. 4-hydroxyoctanoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 8 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. 4-hydroxyoctanoyl-coa is therefore classified as a medium chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. 4-hydroxyoctanoyl-coa, being a medium chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for medium chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, 4-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of 4-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts 4-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA into 4-hydroxyoctanoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, 4-hydroxyoctanoylcarnitine is converted back to 4-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of 4-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since 4-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA is a medium chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of 4-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase catalyzes the addition of water across the newly formed double bond to make an alcohol. Third, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase oxidizes the alcohol group to ...
5-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoyl-CoA
C29H50N7O18P3S (909.2145790000001)
5-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a 5-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. 5-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 5 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. 5-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoyl-coa is therefore classified as a medium chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. 5-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoyl-coa, being a medium chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for medium chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, 5-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of 5-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts 5-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoyl-CoA into 5-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, 5-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoylcarnitine is converted back to 5-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of 5-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since 5-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoyl-CoA is a medium chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of 5-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase catalyzes the add...
3-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoyl-CoA
C29H50N7O18P3S (909.2145790000001)
3-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a 3-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. 3-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 8 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. 3-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoyl-coa is therefore classified as a medium chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. 3-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoyl-coa, being a medium chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for medium chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, 3-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of 3-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts 3-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoyl-CoA into 3-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, 3-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoylcarnitine is converted back to 3-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of 3-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since 3-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoyl-CoA is a medium chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of 3-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase catalyzes the add...
4-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoyl-CoA
C29H50N7O18P3S (909.2145790000001)
4-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a 4-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. 4-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 7 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. 4-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoyl-coa is therefore classified as a medium chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. 4-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoyl-coa, being a medium chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for medium chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, 4-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of 4-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts 4-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoyl-CoA into 4-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, 4-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoylcarnitine is converted back to 4-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of 4-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since 4-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoyl-CoA is a medium chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of 4-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase catalyzes the add...
2-ethylpentanedioyl-CoA
C28H46N7O19P3S (909.1781956000001)
2-ethylpentanedioyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a 2-ethylpentanedioic acid thioester of coenzyme A. 2-ethylpentanedioyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 7 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. 2-ethylpentanedioyl-coa is therefore classified as a medium chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. 2-ethylpentanedioyl-coa, being a medium chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for medium chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, 2-ethylpentanedioyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of 2-ethylpentanedioyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts 2-ethylpentanedioyl-CoA into 2-ethylpentanedioylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, 2-ethylpentanedioylcarnitine is converted back to 2-ethylpentanedioyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of 2-ethylpentanedioyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since 2-ethylpentanedioyl-CoA is a medium chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of 2-ethylpentanedioyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase catalyzes the addition of water across the newly formed double bond to make an alcohol. Third, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase ox...
CoA 8:0;O
C29H50N7O18P3S (909.2145790000001)
CoA 7:1;O2
C28H46N7O19P3S (909.1781956000001)
CoA 6:2;O3
C27H42N7O20P3S (909.1418122000001)
pimeloyl-CoA
C28H46N7O19P3S (909.1781956000001)
An omega carboxyacyl-CoA that is the S-pimeloyl derivative of coenzyme A.
2,2-[3-[(3-heptyl-4-methyl-3H-thiazol-2-ylidene)ethylidene]propenylene]bis[3-heptyl-4-methylthiazolium] diiodide
2,6-Dihydroxycyclohexanecarbonyl-CoA
C28H46N7O19P3S (909.1781956000001)
[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-[[[[(3R)-3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-4-oxo-4-[[3-oxo-3-[2-(4-phenylbutanoylsulfanyl)ethylamino]propyl]amino]butoxy]-oxidophosphoryl]oxy-oxidophosphoryl]oxymethyl]oxolan-3-yl] phosphate
C31H42N7O17P3S-4 (909.1570672000001)
S-[2-[3-[[(2R)-4-[[[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-3-phosphonooxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanoyl]amino]propanoylamino]ethyl] (3S)-3-hydroxy-2-propylpentanethioate
C29H50N7O18P3S (909.2145790000001)
(2E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylpent-2-enedioyl-CoA
C27H42N7O20P3S (909.1418122000001)
3-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA
C29H50N7O18P3S (909.2145790000001)
A 3-hydroxy-fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of 3-hydroxyoctanoic acid.
3-dehydrocarnityl CoA
C28H48N8O18P3S+ (909.2020037999999)
An acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of 3-dehydrocarnitine.
3-oxoadipyl-CoA; (Acyl-CoA); [M+H]+
C27H42N7O20P3S (909.1418122000001)
2,4,4-Trimethyl-3-hydroxypentanoyl-CoA
C29H50N7O18P3S (909.2145790000001)
2,6-Dihydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA
C28H46N7O19P3S (909.1781956000001)
pimeloyl-CoA; (Acyl-CoA); [M+H]+
C28H46N7O19P3S (909.1781956000001)
5-Hydroxyamino-3-Methyl-Pyrrolidine-2-Carboxylic Acid-CoA; (Acyl-CoA); [M+H]+
2,6-Anhydro-3-Deoxy-D-Erythro-Hex-2-Enonic Acid-CoA; (Acyl-CoA); [M+H]+
C27H42N7O20P3S (909.1418122000001)
S-[2-[3-[[(2R)-4-[[[(2R,3R,5R)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-3-phosphonooxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanoyl]amino]propanoylamino]ethyl] (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methyl-5-oxohexanethioate
C28H46N7O19P3S (909.1781956000001)
3-oxoadipyl-CoA
C27H42N7O20P3S (909.1418122000001)
The S-(3-oxoadipyl) derivative of coenzyme A.
(S)-3-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA
C29H50N7O18P3S (909.2145790000001)
A hydroxy fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of (S)-3-hydroxyoctanoic acid.
7-({2-[(3-{[(2r)-4-[({[(2r,3s,4r,5r)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-3-(phosphonooxy)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy(hydroxy)phosphoryl}oxy(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy]-1,2-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutylidene]amino}-1-hydroxypropylidene)amino]ethyl}sulfanyl)-7-oxoheptanoic acid
C28H46N7O19P3S (909.1781956000001)
7-[(2-{[3-({4-[({[5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-3-(phosphonooxy)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy(hydroxy)phosphoryl}oxy(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy]-1,2-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutylidene}amino)-1-hydroxypropylidene]amino}ethyl)sulfanyl]-7-oxoheptanoic acid
C28H46N7O19P3S (909.1781956000001)