Exact Mass: 893.1833
Exact Mass Matches: 893.1833
Found 61 metabolites which its exact mass value is equals to given mass value 893.1833,
within given mass tolerance error 0.05 dalton. Try search metabolite list with more accurate mass tolerance error
0.01 dalton.
Octanoyl-CoA
Octanoyl-CoA is a substrate for Trifunctional enzyme beta subunit (mitochondrial), Acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1 (peroxisomal), 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase (mitochondrial), 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase (peroxisomal), Nuclear receptor-binding factor 1, Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (long-chain specific, mitochondrial), Acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 3 (peroxisomal), HPDHase, Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (medium-chain specific, mitochondrial), Acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 2 (peroxisomal) and Peroxisomal carnitine O-octanoyltransferase. [HMDB]. Octanoyl-CoA is found in many foods, some of which are millet, loganberry, horseradish, and sea-buckthornberry. Octanoyl-CoA is a substrate for Trifunctional enzyme beta subunit (mitochondrial), Acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1 (peroxisomal), 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase (mitochondrial), 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase (peroxisomal), Nuclear receptor-binding factor 1, Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (long-chain specific, mitochondrial), Acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 3 (peroxisomal), HPDHase, Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (medium-chain specific, mitochondrial), Acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 2 (peroxisomal) and Peroxisomal carnitine O-octanoyltransferase.
3-Methylglutaconyl-CoA
3-Methylglutaconyl-CoA is a substrate for Methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase (mitochondrial), Methylcrotonoyl-CoA carboxylase beta chain (mitochondrial) and Methylcrotonoyl-CoA carboxylase alpha chain (mitochondrial). [HMDB]. 3-Methylglutaconyl-CoA is found in many foods, some of which are cocoa bean, evening primrose, winter squash, and rocket salad (sspecies). 3-Methylglutaconyl-CoA is a substrate for Methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase (mitochondrial), Methylcrotonoyl-CoA carboxylase beta chain (mitochondrial) and Methylcrotonoyl-CoA carboxylase alpha chain (mitochondrial). COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
2-hydroxycyclohexane-1-carbonyl-CoA
An acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of 2-hydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid.
5-Carboxy-2-pentenoyl-CoA
5-carboxy-2-pentenoyl-coa, also known as (E)-3,4-dehydroadipoyl-coa or 2,3-didehydroadipyl-coa, is a member of the class of compounds known as medium-chain 2-enoyl coas. Medium-chain 2-enoyl coas are organic compounds containing a coenzyme A substructure linked to a medium-chain 2-enoyl chain of 5 to 12 carbon atoms. Thus, 5-carboxy-2-pentenoyl-coa is considered to be a fatty ester lipid molecule. 5-carboxy-2-pentenoyl-coa is slightly soluble (in water) and an extremely strong acidic compound (based on its pKa). 5-carboxy-2-pentenoyl-coa can be found in a number of food items such as citrus, swiss chard, agave, and safflower, which makes 5-carboxy-2-pentenoyl-coa a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. 5-carboxy-2-pentenoyl-coa exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. This compound belongs to the family of Acyl CoAs. These are organic compounds contaning a coenzyme A substructure linked to another moeity through an ester bond.
3-Hydroxy-5-methylhex-4-enoyl-CoA
This compound belongs to the family of Acyl CoAs. These are organic compounds contaning a coenzyme A substructure linked to another moeity through an ester bond.
Valproyl-CoA
Valproyl-CoA, a valproate metabolite previously identified in liver, may accumulate in brain as a result of normal fatty acid turnover processes. Valproyl CoA could contribute to valproates antiepileptic activity by stimulating Na+, K+-ATPase activity when brain ATP concentration is low. Valproyl-CoA and to a much lesser extent 3-keto-valproyl-CoA are the main metabolites of VPA in mitochondria. Valproyl-CoA, a valproate metabolite previously identified in liver, may accumulate in brain as a result of normal fatty acid turnover processes. Valproyl CoA could contribute to valproates antiepileptic activity by stimulating Na+, K+-ATPase activity when brain ATP concentration is low.
Valproic acid CoA
Valproic acid CoA is a metabolite of valproic acid. Valproic acid (VPA) is a chemical compound and an acid that has found clinical use as an anticonvulsant and mood-stabilizing drug, primarily in the treatment of epilepsy, bipolar disorder, and, less commonly, major depression. It is also used to treat migraine headaches and schizophrenia. VPA is a liquid at room temperature, but it can be reacted with a base such as sodium hydroxide to form the salt sodium valproate, which is a solid. (Wikipedia)
3-Methylheptanoyl-CoA
3-methylheptanoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a 3-methylheptanoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. 3-methylheptanoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 7 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. 3-methylheptanoyl-coa is therefore classified as a medium chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. 3-methylheptanoyl-coa, being a medium chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for medium chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, 3-Methylheptanoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of 3-Methylheptanoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts 3-Methylheptanoyl-CoA into 3-Methylheptanoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, 3-Methylheptanoylcarnitine is converted back to 3-Methylheptanoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of 3-Methylheptanoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since 3-Methylheptanoyl-CoA is a medium chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of 3-Methylheptanoyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase catalyzes the addition of water across the newly formed double bond to make an alcohol. Third, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase oxidizes the alcohol group to ...
4-Methylheptanoyl-CoA
4-methylheptanoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a 4-methylheptanoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. 4-methylheptanoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 7 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. 4-methylheptanoyl-coa is therefore classified as a medium chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. 4-methylheptanoyl-coa, being a medium chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for medium chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, 4-Methylheptanoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of 4-Methylheptanoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts 4-Methylheptanoyl-CoA into 4-Methylheptanoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, 4-Methylheptanoylcarnitine is converted back to 4-Methylheptanoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of 4-Methylheptanoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since 4-Methylheptanoyl-CoA is a medium chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of 4-Methylheptanoyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase catalyzes the addition of water across the newly formed double bond to make an alcohol. Third, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase oxidizes the alcohol group to ...
6-Methylheptanoyl-CoA
6-methylheptanoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a 6-methylheptanoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. 6-methylheptanoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 7 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. 6-methylheptanoyl-coa is therefore classified as a medium chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. 6-methylheptanoyl-coa, being a medium chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for medium chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, 6-Methylheptanoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of 6-Methylheptanoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts 6-Methylheptanoyl-CoA into 6-Methylheptanoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, 6-Methylheptanoylcarnitine is converted back to 6-Methylheptanoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of 6-Methylheptanoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since 6-Methylheptanoyl-CoA is a medium chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of 6-Methylheptanoyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase catalyzes the addition of water across the newly formed double bond to make an alcohol. Third, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase oxidizes the alcohol group to ...
5-Methylheptanoyl-CoA
5-methylheptanoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a 5-methylheptanoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. 5-methylheptanoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 7 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. 5-methylheptanoyl-coa is therefore classified as a medium chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. 5-methylheptanoyl-coa, being a medium chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for medium chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, 5-Methylheptanoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of 5-Methylheptanoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts 5-Methylheptanoyl-CoA into 5-Methylheptanoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, 5-Methylheptanoylcarnitine is converted back to 5-Methylheptanoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of 5-Methylheptanoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since 5-Methylheptanoyl-CoA is a medium chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of 5-Methylheptanoyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase catalyzes the addition of water across the newly formed double bond to make an alcohol. Third, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase oxidizes the alcohol group to ...
(2E)-3-methylpent-2-enedioyl-CoA
(2e)-3-methylpent-2-enedioyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a (2E)-3-methylpent-2-enedioic acid thioester of coenzyme A. (2e)-3-methylpent-2-enedioyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 6 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. (2e)-3-methylpent-2-enedioyl-coa is therefore classified as a medium chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. (2e)-3-methylpent-2-enedioyl-coa, being a medium chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for medium chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, (2E)-3-methylpent-2-enedioyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of (2E)-3-methylpent-2-enedioyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts (2E)-3-methylpent-2-enedioyl-CoA into (2E)-3-methylpent-2-enedioylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, (2E)-3-methylpent-2-enedioylcarnitine is converted back to (2E)-3-methylpent-2-enedioyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of (2E)-3-methylpent-2-enedioyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since (2E)-3-methylpent-2-enedioyl-CoA is a medium chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of (2E)-3-methylpent-2-enedioyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase cat...
hex-3-enedioyl-CoA
Hex-3-enedioyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a hex-3-enedioic acid thioester of coenzyme A. Hex-3-enedioyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 6 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. Hex-3-enedioyl-coa is therefore classified as a medium chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. Hex-3-enedioyl-coa, being a medium chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for medium chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, hex-3-enedioyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of hex-3-enedioyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts hex-3-enedioyl-CoA into hex-3-enedioylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, hex-3-enedioylcarnitine is converted back to hex-3-enedioyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of hex-3-enedioyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since hex-3-enedioyl-CoA is a medium chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of hex-3-enedioyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase catalyzes the addition of water across the newly formed double bond to make an alcohol. Third, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase oxidizes the alcohol group to a ketone and NADH is produced from NAD+. F...
3-hydroxyhept-4-enoyl-CoA
3-hydroxyhept-4-enoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a 3-hydroxyhept-4-enoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. 3-hydroxyhept-4-enoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 7 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. 3-hydroxyhept-4-enoyl-coa is therefore classified as a medium chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. 3-hydroxyhept-4-enoyl-coa, being a medium chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for medium chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, 3-hydroxyhept-4-enoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of 3-hydroxyhept-4-enoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts 3-hydroxyhept-4-enoyl-CoA into 3-hydroxyhept-4-enoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, 3-hydroxyhept-4-enoylcarnitine is converted back to 3-hydroxyhept-4-enoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of 3-hydroxyhept-4-enoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since 3-hydroxyhept-4-enoyl-CoA is a medium chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of 3-hydroxyhept-4-enoyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase catalyzes the addition of water across the newly formed double bond to make an alcohol. Third, 3-hydr...
(5E)-3-hydroxyhept-5-enoyl-CoA
(5e)-3-hydroxyhept-5-enoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a (5E)-3-hydroxyhept-5-enoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. (5e)-3-hydroxyhept-5-enoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 7 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. (5e)-3-hydroxyhept-5-enoyl-coa is therefore classified as a medium chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. (5e)-3-hydroxyhept-5-enoyl-coa, being a medium chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for medium chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, (5E)-3-hydroxyhept-5-enoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of (5E)-3-hydroxyhept-5-enoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts (5E)-3-hydroxyhept-5-enoyl-CoA into (5E)-3-hydroxyhept-5-enoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, (5E)-3-hydroxyhept-5-enoylcarnitine is converted back to (5E)-3-hydroxyhept-5-enoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of (5E)-3-hydroxyhept-5-enoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since (5E)-3-hydroxyhept-5-enoyl-CoA is a medium chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of (5E)-3-hydroxyhept-5-enoyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase catalyzes the addition of water...
2-hydroxyhept-5-enoyl-CoA
2-hydroxyhept-5-enoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a 2-hydroxyhept-5-enoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. 2-hydroxyhept-5-enoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 7 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoAs are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. 2-hydroxyhept-5-enoyl-coa is therefore classified as a medium chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. 2-hydroxyhept-5-enoyl-coa, being a medium chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for medium chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, 2-hydroxyhept-5-enoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of 2-hydroxyhept-5-enoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts 2-hydroxyhept-5-enoyl-CoA into 2-hydroxyhept-5-enoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, 2-hydroxyhept-5-enoylcarnitine is converted back to 2-hydroxyhept-5-enoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of 2-hydroxyhept-5-enoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since 2-hydroxyhept-5-enoyl-CoA is a medium chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of 2-hydroxyhept-5-enoyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase catalyzes the addition of water across the newly formed double bond to make an alcohol. Third, 3-hydr...
4-trimethylammonio-2E-butenoyl-CoA
CoA 6:2;O2
CoA 7:1;O
CoA 8:0
S-[2-[3-[[(2R)-4-[[[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-3-phosphonooxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanoyl]amino]propanoylamino]ethyl] 6-methylheptanethioate
S-[2-[3-[[(2R)-4-[[[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-3-phosphonooxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanoyl]amino]propanoylamino]ethyl] (3S)-3-hydroxycyclohexane-1-carbothioate
(3E)-5-{[2-(3-{3-[({[({[5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-3-(phosphonooxy)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy}(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy](hydroxy)phosphoryl}oxy)methyl]-2-hydroxy-3-methylbutanamido}propanamido)ethyl]sulfanyl}-3-methyl-5-oxopent-3-enoic acid
S-[2-[3-[[4-[[[5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-3-phosphonooxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanoyl]amino]propanoylamino]ethyl] 6-methylheptanethioate
S-[2-[3-[[4-[[[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-Aminopurin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-3-phosphonooxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanoyl]amino]propanoylamino]ethyl] 3-hydroxy-5-methylhex-4-enethioate
5-Amino-3-Methyl-Pyrrolidine-2-Carboxylic Acid-CoA; (Acyl-CoA); [M+H]+
(E)-5-[2-[3-[[4-[[[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-3-phosphonooxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanoyl]amino]propanoylamino]ethylsulfanyl]-3-methyl-5-oxopent-2-enoic acid
trans-2,3-didehydroadipoyl-CoA
An acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of trans-2,3-didehydroadipic acid.
5-oxo-furan-2-acetyl-CoA
An acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of 5-oxo-furan-2-acetic acid.
trans-3-methylglutaconyl-CoA
The S-(trans-3-methylglutaconyl) derivative of coenzyme A.
(Z)-2,3-dehydroadipoyl-CoA
A 2-enoyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the enoic carboxy group of (Z)-hex-2-enedioic acid.
Octanoyl-CoA
A medium-chain fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of octanoic acid.
2,3-didehydroadipoyl-CoA
A 2-enoyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the enoic carboxy group of hex-2-enedioic acid.
(E)-4-(trimethylammonio)but-2-enoyl-CoA
An acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of (E)-4-(trimethylammonio)but-2-enoic acid.
