Exact Mass: 423.2686
Exact Mass Matches: 423.2686
Found 235 metabolites which its exact mass value is equals to given mass value 423.2686,
within given mass tolerance error 0.05 dalton. Try search metabolite list with more accurate mass tolerance error
0.01 dalton.
LysoPE(14:1(9Z)/0:0)
LysoPE(14:1(9Z)/0:0) is a lysophosphatidylethanolamine or a lysophospholipid. The term lysophospholipid (LPL) refers to any phospholipid that is missing one of its two O-acyl chains. Thus, LPLs have a free alcohol in either the sn-1 or sn-2 position. The prefix lyso- comes from the fact that lysophospholipids were originally found to be hemolytic however it is now used to refer generally to phospholipids missing an acyl chain. LPLs are usually the result of phospholipase A-type enzymatic activity on regular phospholipids such as phosphatidylcholine or phosphatidic acid, although they can also be generated by the acylation of glycerophospholipids or the phosphorylation of monoacylglycerols. Some LPLs serve important signaling functions such as lysophosphatidic acid. Lysophosphatidylethanolamines (LPEs) can function as plant growth regulators with several diverse uses. (LPEs) are approved for outdoor agricultural use to accelerate ripening and improve the quality of fresh produce. They are also approved for indoor use to preserve stored crops and commercial cut flowers. As a breakdown product of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), LPE is present in cells of all organisms. [HMDB] LysoPE(14:1(9Z)/0:0) is a lysophosphatidylethanolamine or a lysophospholipid. The term lysophospholipid (LPL) refers to any phospholipid that is missing one of its two O-acyl chains. Thus, LPLs have a free alcohol in either the sn-1 or sn-2 position. The prefix lyso- comes from the fact that lysophospholipids were originally found to be hemolytic however it is now used to refer generally to phospholipids missing an acyl chain. LPLs are usually the result of phospholipase A-type enzymatic activity on regular phospholipids such as phosphatidylcholine or phosphatidic acid, although they can also be generated by the acylation of glycerophospholipids or the phosphorylation of monoacylglycerols. Some LPLs serve important signaling functions such as lysophosphatidic acid. Lysophosphatidylethanolamines (LPEs) can function as plant growth regulators with several diverse uses. (LPEs) are approved for outdoor agricultural use to accelerate ripening and improve the quality of fresh produce. They are also approved for indoor use to preserve stored crops and commercial cut flowers. As a breakdown product of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), LPE is present in cells of all organisms.
LysoPE(0:0/14:1(9Z))
LysoPE(0:0/14:1(9Z)) is a lysophosphatidylethanolamine or a lysophospholipid. The term lysophospholipid (LPL) refers to any phospholipid that is missing one of its two O-acyl chains. Thus, LPLs have a free alcohol in either the sn-1 or sn-2 position. The prefix lyso- comes from the fact that lysophospholipids were originally found to be hemolytic however it is now used to refer generally to phospholipids missing an acyl chain. LPLs are usually the result of phospholipase A-type enzymatic activity on regular phospholipids such as phosphatidylcholine or phosphatidic acid, although they can also be generated by the acylation of glycerophospholipids or the phosphorylation of monoacylglycerols. Some LPLs serve important signaling functions such as lysophosphatidic acid. Lysophosphatidylethanolamines (LPEs) can function as plant growth regulators with several diverse uses. (LPEs) are approved for outdoor agricultural use to accelerate ripening and improve the quality of fresh produce. They are also approved for indoor use to preserve stored crops and commercial cut flowers. As a breakdown product of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), LPE is present in cells of all organisms. [HMDB] LysoPE(0:0/14:1(9Z)) is a lysophosphatidylethanolamine or a lysophospholipid. The term lysophospholipid (LPL) refers to any phospholipid that is missing one of its two O-acyl chains. Thus, LPLs have a free alcohol in either the sn-1 or sn-2 position. The prefix lyso- comes from the fact that lysophospholipids were originally found to be hemolytic however it is now used to refer generally to phospholipids missing an acyl chain. LPLs are usually the result of phospholipase A-type enzymatic activity on regular phospholipids such as phosphatidylcholine or phosphatidic acid, although they can also be generated by the acylation of glycerophospholipids or the phosphorylation of monoacylglycerols. Some LPLs serve important signaling functions such as lysophosphatidic acid. Lysophosphatidylethanolamines (LPEs) can function as plant growth regulators with several diverse uses. (LPEs) are approved for outdoor agricultural use to accelerate ripening and improve the quality of fresh produce. They are also approved for indoor use to preserve stored crops and commercial cut flowers. As a breakdown product of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), LPE is present in cells of all organisms.
(6E,9E,12E)-hexadeca-6,9,12-trienedioylcarnitine
(6E,9E,12E)-Hexadeca-6,9,12-trienedioylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an (6E,9E,12E)-hexadeca-6,9,12-trienedioic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. (6E,9E,12E)-Hexadeca-6,9,12-trienedioylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine (6E,9E,12E)-Hexadeca-6,9,12-trienedioylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
(5E,8E,11E)-Hexadeca-5,8,11-trienedioylcarnitine
(5E,8E,11E)-hexadeca-5,8,11-trienedioylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an (5E,8E,11E)-hexadeca-5,8,11-trienedioic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. (5E,8E,11E)-hexadeca-5,8,11-trienedioylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine (5E,8E,11E)-hexadeca-5,8,11-trienedioylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
(2Z,6Z,10Z)-Hexadeca-2,6,10-trienedioylcarnitine
(2Z,6Z,10Z)-hexadeca-2,6,10-trienedioylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an (2Z,6Z,10Z)-hexadeca-2,6,10-trienedioic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. (2Z,6Z,10Z)-hexadeca-2,6,10-trienedioylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine (2Z,6Z,10Z)-hexadeca-2,6,10-trienedioylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
(2Z,5Z,9Z)-Hexadeca-2,5,9-trienedioylcarnitine
(2Z,5Z,9Z)-hexadeca-2,5,9-trienedioylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an (2Z,5Z,9Z)-hexadeca-2,5,9-trienedioic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. (2Z,5Z,9Z)-hexadeca-2,5,9-trienedioylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine (2Z,5Z,9Z)-hexadeca-2,5,9-trienedioylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
(3E,9E,12E)-Hexadeca-3,9,12-trienedioylcarnitine
(3E,9E,12E)-hexadeca-3,9,12-trienedioylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an (3E,9E,12E)-hexadeca-3,9,12-trienedioic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. (3E,9E,12E)-hexadeca-3,9,12-trienedioylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine (3E,9E,12E)-hexadeca-3,9,12-trienedioylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
9-(3-Methyl-5-propylfuran-2-yl)nonanoylcarnitine
9-(3-methyl-5-propylfuran-2-yl)nonanoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an 9-(3-methyl-5-propylfuran-2-yl)nonanoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. 9-(3-methyl-5-propylfuran-2-yl)nonanoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine 9-(3-methyl-5-propylfuran-2-yl)nonanoylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
5-(5-Heptyl-3-methylfuran-2-yl)pentanoylcarnitine
5-(5-heptyl-3-methylfuran-2-yl)pentanoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an 5-(5-heptyl-3-methylfuran-2-yl)pentanoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. 5-(5-heptyl-3-methylfuran-2-yl)pentanoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine 5-(5-heptyl-3-methylfuran-2-yl)pentanoylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
7-(3-Methyl-5-pentylfuran-2-yl)heptanoylcarnitine
7-(3-Methyl-5-pentylfuran-2-yl)heptanoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an 7-(3-methyl-5-pentylfuran-2-yl)heptanoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. 7-(3-Methyl-5-pentylfuran-2-yl)heptanoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine 7-(3-Methyl-5-pentylfuran-2-yl)heptanoylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
8-(5-Pentylfuran-2-yl)octanoylcarnitine
8-(5-Pentylfuran-2-yl)octanoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an 8-(5-pentylfuran-2-yl)octanoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. 8-(5-Pentylfuran-2-yl)octanoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine 8-(5-Pentylfuran-2-yl)octanoylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
2,4-Pyrimidinediamine, 5-(5-(1-piperazinylmethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-N4-propyl-N2-(2-(4-pyridinyl)ethyl)-
Aconitane-1,7,8,14-tetrol, 20-ethyl-16-methoxy-4-(methoxymethyl)-, (1alpha,14alpha,16beta)-
senbusine A
A diterpene alkaloid with formula C23H37NO6 that is isolated from several Aconitum species.
6beta,14alpha,16beta-trimethoxy-1alpha,4beta,8beta-trihydroxy-N-ethylaconitane|akiramidine
(6S,7R,10E,14E)-16-(1H-indol-3-yl)-2,6,10,14-tetramethylhexadeca-2,10,14-triene-6,7-diol
L-Valyl-L-amiclenomycyl-L-glutamine|Valylamiclenomycylglutamine
N-demethylteleocidin A1|N13-desmethylteleocidin A-1
N,N-BIS(2-HYDROXYETHYL)-N-METHYLHEXADECAN-1-AMINIUM BROMIDE
(3R,4S)-1-benzoyl-4-phenyl-3-tri(propan-2-yl)silyloxyazetidin-2-one
8H-Indeno[1,2-d]oxazole, 2-[2,2-bis[(4S)-4,5-dihydro-4-(1-methylethyl)-2-oxazolyl]propyl]-3a,8a-dihydro-, (3aS,8aR)
p-[(5-cyano-1,6-dihydro-2-hydroxy-1,4-dimethyl-6-oxo-3-pyridyl)azo]-N-(2-ethylhexyl)benzamide
n-2-nitrophenylsulfenyl-l-alanine dicyclohexylammonium salt
methyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate,2-methylpropyl prop-2-enoate,oxiran-2-ylmethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate,prop-2-enenitrile
Cyprenorphine
D002492 - Central Nervous System Depressants > D009294 - Narcotics > D053610 - Opiate Alkaloids C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C67413 - Opioid Receptor Agonist
1-Cyclohexyl-3-(2-morpholinoethyl)carbodiimide metho-p-toluenesulfonate
2-(dicyclohexylphosphino)-6-methoxy-N,N-dimethylbiphenyl-2-amine
Phosphonic acid 2-dodecanoylamino-hexyl ester propyl ester
N-butyl-3-{[6-(9H-purin-6-ylamino)hexanoyl]amino}benzamide
(3R,5R)-7-[(1S,2S,6R,8S,8aR)-6-hydroxy-2-methyl-8-[(2S)-2-methylbutanoyl]oxy-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoate
a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (n-C14:1)
a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (n-C14:1)
[(2R)-3-[2-aminoethoxy(hydroxy)phosphoryl]oxy-2-hydroxypropyl] tetradec-7-enoate
[(2R)-1-[2-aminoethoxy(hydroxy)phosphoryl]oxy-3-hydroxypropan-2-yl] (E)-tetradec-7-enoate
3beta-(2-Diethylaminoethoxy)androst-5-en-17-one hydrochloride
D057847 - Lipid Regulating Agents > D000960 - Hypolipidemic Agents > D000924 - Anticholesteremic Agents D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors
4-butoxy-N-[4-[4-(2-methyl-1-oxopropyl)-1-piperazinyl]phenyl]benzamide
1,5-dimethyl-4-oxo-N-[3-(4-propyl-1-piperazinyl)propyl]-2-pyrrolo[3,2-c]quinolinecarboxamide
20-Ethyl-16beta-methoxy-4-(methoxymethyl)aconitane-1alpha,6alpha,8,14alpha-tetrol
(1R,9S,10S,11S)-N-(cyclohexylmethyl)-10-(hydroxymethyl)-6-oxo-5-pyrimidin-5-yl-7,12-diazatricyclo[7.2.1.02,7]dodeca-2,4-diene-11-carboxamide
(1S,9R,10R,11R)-N-(cyclohexylmethyl)-10-(hydroxymethyl)-6-oxo-5-pyrimidin-5-yl-7,12-diazatricyclo[7.2.1.02,7]dodeca-2,4-diene-11-carboxamide
(1S,9R,10R,11R)-10-(hydroxymethyl)-11-(4-methylpiperazine-1-carbonyl)-12-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-7,12-diazatricyclo[7.2.1.02,7]dodeca-2,4-dien-6-one
(2S)-2-[(4S,5S)-5-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-8-[3-(dimethylamino)prop-1-ynyl]-4-methyl-1,1-dioxo-4,5-dihydro-3H-6,1$l^{6},2-benzoxathiazocin-2-yl]-1-propanol
(1R,9S,10S,11S)-10-(hydroxymethyl)-11-(4-methylpiperazine-1-carbonyl)-12-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-7,12-diazatricyclo[7.2.1.02,7]dodeca-2,4-dien-6-one
(8R,9S,10S)-N-(4-fluorophenyl)-10-(hydroxymethyl)-9-[4-[(E)-prop-1-enyl]phenyl]-1,6-diazabicyclo[6.2.0]decane-6-carboxamide
(8R,9R,10R)-N-(4-fluorophenyl)-10-(hydroxymethyl)-9-[4-[(E)-prop-1-enyl]phenyl]-1,6-diazabicyclo[6.2.0]decane-6-carboxamide
(8S,9R,10S)-N-(4-fluorophenyl)-10-(hydroxymethyl)-9-[4-[(E)-prop-1-enyl]phenyl]-1,6-diazabicyclo[6.2.0]decane-6-carboxamide
cyclopentyl-[(8R,9S,10S)-9-[4-[3-(dimethylamino)prop-1-ynyl]phenyl]-10-(hydroxymethyl)-1,6-diazabicyclo[6.2.0]decan-6-yl]methanone
[(1R)-2-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-7-methoxy-1-methyl-1-spiro[3,9-dihydro-1H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole-4,4-piperidine]yl]methanol
(6S,7S,8S)-7-[4-(3-cyclopentylprop-1-ynyl)phenyl]-8-(hydroxymethyl)-2-oxo-N-propyl-1,4-diazabicyclo[4.2.0]octane-4-carboxamide
(6R,7R,8S)-7-[4-(3-cyclopentylprop-1-ynyl)phenyl]-8-(hydroxymethyl)-2-oxo-N-propyl-1,4-diazabicyclo[4.2.0]octane-4-carboxamide
(6S,7S,8R)-7-[4-(3-cyclopentylprop-1-ynyl)phenyl]-8-(hydroxymethyl)-2-oxo-N-propyl-1,4-diazabicyclo[4.2.0]octane-4-carboxamide
2-cyclopropyl-1-[(1R)-2-(cyclopropylmethyl)-1-(hydroxymethyl)-7-methoxy-9-methyl-1-spiro[1,3-dihydropyrido[3,4-b]indole-4,3-azetidine]yl]ethanone
2-(4,4-Diphenyl-1-piperidinobuta-1,3-dienyl)phenyl acetate
(8R,9R,10S)-N-(4-fluorophenyl)-10-(hydroxymethyl)-9-[4-[(E)-prop-1-enyl]phenyl]-1,6-diazabicyclo[6.2.0]decane-6-carboxamide
(8S,9R,10R)-N-(4-fluorophenyl)-10-(hydroxymethyl)-9-[4-[(E)-prop-1-enyl]phenyl]-1,6-diazabicyclo[6.2.0]decane-6-carboxamide
(8S,9S,10R)-N-(4-fluorophenyl)-10-(hydroxymethyl)-9-[4-[(E)-prop-1-enyl]phenyl]-1,6-diazabicyclo[6.2.0]decane-6-carboxamide
(8R,9S,10R)-N-(4-fluorophenyl)-10-(hydroxymethyl)-9-[4-[(E)-prop-1-enyl]phenyl]-1,6-diazabicyclo[6.2.0]decane-6-carboxamide
(8S,9S,10S)-N-(4-fluorophenyl)-10-(hydroxymethyl)-9-[4-[(E)-prop-1-enyl]phenyl]-1,6-diazabicyclo[6.2.0]decane-6-carboxamide
cyclopentyl-[(8S,9R,10R)-9-[4-[3-(dimethylamino)prop-1-ynyl]phenyl]-10-(hydroxymethyl)-1,6-diazabicyclo[6.2.0]decan-6-yl]methanone
[(1S)-2-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-7-methoxy-1-methyl-1-spiro[3,9-dihydro-1H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole-4,4-piperidine]yl]methanol
(6R,7R,8R)-N-cyclopentyl-8-(hydroxymethyl)-7-[4-(4-methylpent-1-ynyl)phenyl]-2-oxo-1,4-diazabicyclo[4.2.0]octane-4-carboxamide
(6S,7R,8S)-7-[4-(3-cyclopentylprop-1-ynyl)phenyl]-8-(hydroxymethyl)-2-oxo-N-propyl-1,4-diazabicyclo[4.2.0]octane-4-carboxamide
(6R,7S,8S)-7-[4-(3-cyclopentylprop-1-ynyl)phenyl]-8-(hydroxymethyl)-2-oxo-N-propyl-1,4-diazabicyclo[4.2.0]octane-4-carboxamide
(6R,7S,8R)-7-[4-(3-cyclopentylprop-1-ynyl)phenyl]-8-(hydroxymethyl)-2-oxo-N-propyl-1,4-diazabicyclo[4.2.0]octane-4-carboxamide
(6S,7R,8R)-7-[4-(3-cyclopentylprop-1-ynyl)phenyl]-8-(hydroxymethyl)-2-oxo-N-propyl-1,4-diazabicyclo[4.2.0]octane-4-carboxamide
(6R,7R,8R)-7-[4-(3-cyclopentylprop-1-ynyl)phenyl]-8-(hydroxymethyl)-2-oxo-N-propyl-1,4-diazabicyclo[4.2.0]octane-4-carboxamide
2-cyclopropyl-1-[(1S)-2-(cyclopropylmethyl)-1-(hydroxymethyl)-7-methoxy-9-methyl-1-spiro[1,3-dihydropyrido[3,4-b]indole-4,3-azetidine]yl]ethanone
[(1S)-1-[(2-fluorophenyl)methyl]-7-methoxy-9-methyl-1-spiro[2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole-4,4-piperidine]yl]methanol
[(1R)-1-[(2-fluorophenyl)methyl]-7-methoxy-9-methyl-1-spiro[2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole-4,4-piperidine]yl]methanol
(6R,7R,8S)-7-[4-(1-cyclohexenyl)phenyl]-N-cyclopentyl-8-(hydroxymethyl)-2-oxo-1,4-diazabicyclo[4.2.0]octane-4-carboxamide
2-aminoethyl [2-hydroxy-3-[(Z)-pentadec-9-enoxy]propyl] hydrogen phosphate
[3-[2-aminoethoxy(hydroxy)phosphoryl]oxy-2-hydroxypropyl] (Z)-tetradec-9-enoate
(2S,3R)-2-(Acetylamino)octadecane-1,3-diol 1-phosphoric acid
cis-5-(6-(1,3-Dioxan-2-YL)hexyl)-trans-4-formyl-2,ref.-3-diphenylisoxazolidine
(E)-10,16-dichloro-N-(1-hydroxy-3-methoxypropan-2-yl)-N-methylhexadec-4-enamide
(3E)-3-[1-amino-3-methyl-5-[(E)-2-methyltetradec-4-en-6,8-diynyl]pyrrolidin-2-ylidene]-1,5-dimethylpyrrolidine-2,4-dione
2-[[(E)-2-acetamido-3-hydroxydodec-4-enoxy]-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxyethyl-trimethylazanium
2-[[(E)-2-(butanoylamino)-3-hydroxydec-4-enoxy]-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxyethyl-trimethylazanium
2-[hydroxy-[(E)-3-hydroxy-2-(propanoylamino)undec-4-enoxy]phosphoryl]oxyethyl-trimethylazanium
2-[hydroxy-[(E)-3-hydroxy-2-(pentanoylamino)non-4-enoxy]phosphoryl]oxyethyl-trimethylazanium
2-[[(E)-2-(hexanoylamino)-3-hydroxyoct-4-enoxy]-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxyethyl-trimethylazanium
1-(9Z-tetradecenoyl)-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine
pravastatin(1-)
A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the deprotonation of the carboxylic acid group of pravastatin.
LPC(12:1)
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SPHP(21:0)
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