Exact Mass: 395.2800452000001
Exact Mass Matches: 395.2800452000001
Found 162 metabolites which its exact mass value is equals to given mass value 395.2800452000001,
within given mass tolerance error 0.05 dalton. Try search metabolite list with more accurate mass tolerance error
0.01 dalton.
4-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxo-4-farnesyl-3,4-dihydroquinoline-1-oxide
A member of the class of quinoline N-oxides that is 4-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinoline-1-oxide carrying an additional (2E,6E)-farnesyl group at position 4.
(2R,5E)-6,10-dimethyl-2-[(2S)-4-methyl-5-oxido-1,2-dihydrofuro[2,3-c]quinolin-5-ium-2-yl]undeca-5,9-dien-2-ol
Prostaglandin E2 ethanolamide
C22H37NO5 (395.26715920000004)
prostaglandin E2 ethanolamide is the major prostanoid product derived from anandamide. Incubation of anandamide with lysates and the intact cell line expressing COX-2 but not that of COX-1 produced prostaglandin E2 ethanolamide. This reaction demonstrates the existence of a COX-2-mediated pathway for anandamide metabolism, and the metabolites formed represent a novel class of prostaglandins. Prostaglandins are eicosanoids. The eicosanoids consist of the prostaglandins (PGs), thromboxanes (TXs), leukotrienes (LTs), and lipoxins (LXs). The PGs and TXs are collectively identified as prostanoids. Prostaglandins were originally shown to be synthesized in the prostate gland, thromboxanes from platelets (thrombocytes), and leukotrienes from leukocytes, hence the derivation of their names. All mammalian cells except erythrocytes synthesize eicosanoids. These molecules are extremely potent, able to cause profound physiological effects at very dilute concentrations. All eicosanoids function locally at the site of synthesis, through receptor-mediated G-protein linked signalling pathways. prostaglandin E2 ethanolamide is the major prostanoid product derived from anandamide. Incubation of anandamide with lysates and the intact cell line expressing COX-2 but not that of COX-1 produced prostaglandin E2 ethanolamide. This reaction demonstrates the existence of a COX-2-mediated pathway for anandamide metabolism, and the metabolites formed represent a novel class of prostaglandins.
PGD2 ethanolamide
C22H37NO5 (395.26715920000004)
PGD2 ethanolamide is a N-acylethanolamine. N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) constitute a class of lipid compounds naturally present in both animal and plant membranes as constituents of the membrane-bound phospholipid, N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine (NAPE). NAPE is composed of a third fatty acid moiety linked to the amino head group of the commonly occurring membrane phospholipid, phosphatidylethanolamine. NAEs are released from NAPE by phospholipase D-type hydrolases in response to a variety of stimuli. Transient NAE release and accumulation has been attributed a variety of biological activities, including neurotransmission, membrane protection, and immunomodulation in animals. N-oleoylethanolamine is an inhibitor of the sphingolipid signaling pathway, via specific ceramidase inhibition (ceramidase converts ceramide to sphingosine). N-oleoylethanolamine blocks the effects of TNF- and arachidonic acid on intracellular Ca concentration. (PMID: 12692337, 12056855, 12560208, 11997249) [HMDB] PGD2 ethanolamide is a N-acylethanolamine. N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) constitute a class of lipid compounds naturally present in both animal and plant membranes as constituents of the membrane-bound phospholipid, N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine (NAPE). NAPE is composed of a third fatty acid moiety linked to the amino head group of the commonly occurring membrane phospholipid, phosphatidylethanolamine. NAEs are released from NAPE by phospholipase D-type hydrolases in response to a variety of stimuli. Transient NAE release and accumulation has been attributed a variety of biological activities, including neurotransmission, membrane protection, and immunomodulation in animals. N-oleoylethanolamine is an inhibitor of the sphingolipid signaling pathway, via specific ceramidase inhibition (ceramidase converts ceramide to sphingosine). N-oleoylethanolamine blocks the effects of TNF- and arachidonic acid on intracellular Ca concentration. (PMID: 12692337, 12056855, 12560208, 11997249)
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (d19:1-P)
C19H42NO5P (395.2800452000001)
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (d19:1-P) is a Sphingosine-1-phosphate. Sphingosine-1-phosphate is a signaling sphingolipid. It is also referred to as a bioactive lipid mediator. Sphingolipids at large form a class of lipids characterized by a particular aliphatic aminoalcohol, which is sphingosine. (Wikipedia)
(7Z,10Z)-Hexadecadienoylcarnitine
C23H41NO4 (395.30354260000007)
(7Z,10Z)-Hexadecadienoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an (7Z,10Z)-hexadecadienoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. (7Z,10Z)-Hexadecadienoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine (7Z,10Z)-Hexadecadienoylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
Tetradeca-5,8,11-trienedioylcarnitine
C21H33NO6 (395.23077580000006)
Tetradeca-5,8,11-trienedioylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an tetradeca-5,8,11-trienedioic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. Tetradeca-5,8,11-trienedioylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine Tetradeca-5,8,11-trienedioylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
Tetradeca-8,10,12-trienedioylcarnitine
C21H33NO6 (395.23077580000006)
Tetradeca-8,10,12-trienedioylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an tetradeca-8,10,12-trienedioic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. Tetradeca-8,10,12-trienedioylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine Tetradeca-8,10,12-trienedioylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
Tetradeca-5,7,9-trienedioylcarnitine
C21H33NO6 (395.23077580000006)
Tetradeca-5,7,9-trienedioylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an tetradeca-5,7,9-trienedioic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. Tetradeca-5,7,9-trienedioylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine Tetradeca-5,7,9-trienedioylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
(2E,4Z,10Z)-Tetradeca-2,4,10-trienedioylcarnitine
C21H33NO6 (395.23077580000006)
(2E,4Z,10Z)-Tetradeca-2,4,10-trienedioylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an (2E,4Z,10Z)-tetradeca-2,4,10-trienedioic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. (2E,4Z,10Z)-Tetradeca-2,4,10-trienedioylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine (2E,4Z,10Z)-Tetradeca-2,4,10-trienedioylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
Tetradeca-7,9,11-trienedioylcarnitine
C21H33NO6 (395.23077580000006)
Tetradeca-7,9,11-trienedioylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an tetradeca-7,9,11-trienedioic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. Tetradeca-7,9,11-trienedioylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine Tetradeca-7,9,11-trienedioylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
Tetradeca-6,8,10-trienedioylcarnitine
C21H33NO6 (395.23077580000006)
Tetradeca-6,8,10-trienedioylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an tetradeca-6,8,10-trienedioic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. Tetradeca-6,8,10-trienedioylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine Tetradeca-6,8,10-trienedioylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
Tetradeca-4,7,10-trienedioylcarnitine
C21H33NO6 (395.23077580000006)
Tetradeca-4,7,10-trienedioylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an tetradeca-4,7,10-trienedioic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. Tetradeca-4,7,10-trienedioylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine Tetradeca-4,7,10-trienedioylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
Tetradeca-6,9,12-trienedioylcarnitine
C21H33NO6 (395.23077580000006)
Tetradeca-6,9,12-trienedioylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an tetradeca-6,9,12-trienedioic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. Tetradeca-6,9,12-trienedioylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine Tetradeca-6,9,12-trienedioylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
(3Z,9Z)-Hexadecadienoylcarnitine
C23H41NO4 (395.30354260000007)
(3Z,9Z)-Hexadecadienoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an (3Z,9Z)-hexadeca-3,9-dienoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. (3Z,9Z)-Hexadecadienoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine (3Z,9Z)-Hexadecadienoylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
(6Z,9Z)-Hexadecadienoylcarnitine
C23H41NO4 (395.30354260000007)
(6Z,9Z)-Hexadecadienoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an (6Z,9Z)-hexadeca-6,9-dienoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. (6Z,9Z)-Hexadecadienoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine (6Z,9Z)-Hexadecadienoylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
(2E,4Z)-Hexadecadienoylcarnitine
C23H41NO4 (395.30354260000007)
(2E,4Z)-Hexadecadienoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an (2E,4Z)-hexadeca-2,4-dienoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. (2E,4Z)-Hexadecadienoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine (2E,4Z)-Hexadecadienoylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
(10Z,12E)-Hexadecadienoylcarnitine
C23H41NO4 (395.30354260000007)
(10Z,12E)-Hexadecadienoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an (10Z,12E)-hexadeca-10,12-dienoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. (10Z,12E)-Hexadecadienoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine (10Z,12E)-Hexadecadienoylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
(8Z,10Z)-Hexadecadienoylcarnitine
C23H41NO4 (395.30354260000007)
(8Z,10Z)-Hexadecadienoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an (8Z,10Z)-hexadeca-8,10-dienoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. (8Z,10Z)-Hexadecadienoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine (8Z,10Z)-Hexadecadienoylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
5-(3-Methyl-5-pentylfuran-2-yl)pentanoylcarnitine
C22H37NO5 (395.26715920000004)
5-(3-methyl-5-pentylfuran-2-yl)pentanoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an 5-(3-methyl-5-pentylfuran-2-yl)pentanoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. 5-(3-methyl-5-pentylfuran-2-yl)pentanoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine 5-(3-methyl-5-pentylfuran-2-yl)pentanoylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
7-(3-Methyl-5-propylfuran-2-yl)heptanoylcarnitine
C22H37NO5 (395.26715920000004)
7-(3-Methyl-5-propylfuran-2-yl)heptanoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an 7-(3-methyl-5-propylfuran-2-yl)heptanoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. 7-(3-Methyl-5-propylfuran-2-yl)heptanoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a long chain AC. As a long-chain acylcarnitine 7-(3-Methyl-5-propylfuran-2-yl)heptanoylcarnitine is generally formed through esterification with long-chain fatty acids obtained from the diet. The main function of most long-chain acylcarnitines is to ensure long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria (PMID: 22804748). Altered levels of long-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of long-chain fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I, EC:2.3.1.21) is involved in the synthesis of long-chain acylcarnitines (more than C12) on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Elevated serum/plasma levels of long-chain acylcarnitines are not only markers for incomplete FA oxidation but also are indicators of altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. High serum concentrations of long-chain acylcarnitines in the postprandial or fed state are markers of insulin resistance and arise from insulins inability to inhibit CPT-1-dependent fatty acid metabolism in muscles and the heart (PMID: 19073774). Increased intracellular content of long-chain acylcarnitines is thought to serve as a feedback inhibition mechanism of insulin action (PMID: 23258903). In healthy subjects, increased concentrations of insulin effectively inhibits long-chain acylcarnitine production. Several studies have also found increased levels of circulating long-chain acylcarnitines in chronic heart failure patients (PMID: 26796394). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
Desacetyllevonantradol
N-Tert-Butyl-3-(4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-piperazin-1-yl)-2-phenylpropanamide
C24H33N3O2 (395.25726380000003)
D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018490 - Serotonin Agents > D012702 - Serotonin Antagonists
Solasodiene
Solasodiene belongs to spirosolanes and derivatives class of compounds. Those are steroidal alkaloids with a structure containing a spirosolane skeleton. Siporosolane is a polycyclic compound that is characterized by a 1-oxa-6-azaspiro[4.5]decane moiety where the oxolane ring is fused to a docosahydronaphth[2,1:4,5]indene ring system. Spirosolane arises from the conversion of a cholestane side-chain into a bicyclic system containing a piperidine and a tetrahydrofuran ring. Solasodiene is practically insoluble (in water) and a very strong basic compound (based on its pKa). Solasodiene can be found in potato, which makes solasodiene a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.
20-epi-3-dehydroxy-3-oxo-5,6-dihydro-4,5-dehydroverazine
N-(4-(3-(3-(3-Aminopropylamino)propylamino)propylamino)butyl)-2,5-dihydroxybenzamide
C20H37N5O3 (395.28962520000005)
(E)-(2R,3R,4S)-2-amino-1,3-dihydroxyisooctadec-6-ene-4-sulfate
C18H37NO6S (395.23414620000005)
(E)-(2R,3R,4S)-2-amino-1,3-dihydroxyoctadec-6-ene-4-sulfate
C18H37NO6S (395.23414620000005)
(2E,4E,12E)-13-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-piperidin-1-yltrideca-2,4,12-trien-1-one
PGD2-EA
C22H37NO5 (395.26715920000004)
PGE2-EA
C22H37NO5 (395.26715920000004)
ethyl amide
C23H41NO4 (395.30354260000007)
PGI2-EA
C22H37NO5 (395.26715920000004)
PC(O-10:1/0:0)
C18H38NO6P (395.24366180000004)
CAR 16:2
C23H41NO4 (395.30354260000007)
Sphing-6E-enine 4R-sufate
C18H37NO6S (395.23414620000005)
hexadecyltrimethylammonium methyl sulphate
C20H45NO4S (395.30691300000007)
5,5-dimethyl-8-(3-methyloctan-2-yl)-2-prop-2-ynyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-chromeno[4,3-c]pyridin-10-ol
N,N-BIS(2-HYDROXYETHYL)-N-METHYLTETRADECAN-1-AMINIUM BROMIDE
C19H42BrNO2 (395.23987320000003)
8-(Diethylamino)octyl 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate
C22H37NO5 (395.26715920000004)
D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents > D002121 - Calcium Channel Blockers D000077264 - Calcium-Regulating Hormones and Agents D049990 - Membrane Transport Modulators
3-Carboxamido-1,3,5(10)-Estratrien-17(R)-Spiro-2(5,5-Dimethyl-6oxo)tetrahydropyran
6-Phenyl-4(R)-(7-phenyl-heptanoylamino)-hexanoic acid
1-[2-Hydroxy-3-(4-cyclohexyl-phenoxy)-propyl]-4-(2-pyridyl)-piperazine
C24H33N3O2 (395.25726380000003)
4-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-[(2E,6E)-3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-2,6,10-trien-1-yl]quinolin-3(4H)-one 1-oxide
(2Z,4E,6S,7S,8R,9R,10R)-10-[(1S,3S,4R,5S)-1,4-Dimethyl-2,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl]-7,9-dihydroxy-2,6,8-trimethylundeca-2,4-dienamide
C22H37NO5 (395.26715920000004)
(1S,2S,10R,11S,14S,15R,16S,17R,20S,23S)-10,14,16,20-tetramethyl-22-azahexacyclo[12.10.0.02,11.05,10.015,23.017,22]tetracos-5-en-7-one
5-(3-Methyl-5-pentylfuran-2-yl)pentanoylcarnitine
C22H37NO5 (395.26715920000004)
7-(3-Methyl-5-propylfuran-2-yl)heptanoylcarnitine
C22H37NO5 (395.26715920000004)
(10Z,12E)-Hexadecadienoylcarnitine
C23H41NO4 (395.30354260000007)
Tetradeca-5,7,9-trienedioylcarnitine
C21H33NO6 (395.23077580000006)
Tetradeca-5,8,11-trienedioylcarnitine
C21H33NO6 (395.23077580000006)
Tetradeca-7,9,11-trienedioylcarnitine
C21H33NO6 (395.23077580000006)
Tetradeca-6,8,10-trienedioylcarnitine
C21H33NO6 (395.23077580000006)
Tetradeca-4,7,10-trienedioylcarnitine
C21H33NO6 (395.23077580000006)
Tetradeca-6,9,12-trienedioylcarnitine
C21H33NO6 (395.23077580000006)
Tetradeca-8,10,12-trienedioylcarnitine
C21H33NO6 (395.23077580000006)
(2E,4Z,10Z)-Tetradeca-2,4,10-trienedioylcarnitine
C21H33NO6 (395.23077580000006)
(4S)-4-[(9Z,12Z)-hexadeca-9,12-dienoyl]oxy-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoate
C23H41NO4 (395.30354260000007)
1-(4-Cyclohexylphenoxy)-3-[4-(pyridin-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]propan-2-ol
C24H33N3O2 (395.25726380000003)
(5Z)-5-(2-methylpropylidene)-3-[(2E,6R,8E,10E,12E)-6,8,10,12-tetramethyltetradeca-2,8,10,12-tetraenoyl]-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-2-one
N-[(2R,3S,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[2-[3-(4-morpholinyl)propylamino]-2-oxoethyl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-3-yl]cyclobutanecarboxamide
C20H33N3O5 (395.24200880000006)
N-[(2S,3S,6S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[2-[3-(4-morpholinyl)propylamino]-2-oxoethyl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-3-yl]cyclobutanecarboxamide
C20H33N3O5 (395.24200880000006)
N-cyclohexyl-2-[(2R,3S,6S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[[2-(4-morpholinyl)-1-oxoethyl]amino]-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-6-yl]acetamide
C20H33N3O5 (395.24200880000006)
N-cyclohexyl-2-[(2R,3S,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[[2-(4-morpholinyl)-1-oxoethyl]amino]-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-6-yl]acetamide
C20H33N3O5 (395.24200880000006)
N-cyclohexyl-2-[(2S,3S,6S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[[2-(4-morpholinyl)-1-oxoethyl]amino]-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-6-yl]acetamide
C20H33N3O5 (395.24200880000006)
N-[(2S,3R,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[2-[3-(4-morpholinyl)propylamino]-2-oxoethyl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-3-yl]cyclobutanecarboxamide
C20H33N3O5 (395.24200880000006)
N-[(2R,3S,6S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[2-[3-(4-morpholinyl)propylamino]-2-oxoethyl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-3-yl]cyclobutanecarboxamide
C20H33N3O5 (395.24200880000006)
N-[(2S,3R,6S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[2-[3-(4-morpholinyl)propylamino]-2-oxoethyl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-3-yl]cyclobutanecarboxamide
C20H33N3O5 (395.24200880000006)
N-[(2S,3S,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[2-[3-(4-morpholinyl)propylamino]-2-oxoethyl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-3-yl]cyclobutanecarboxamide
C20H33N3O5 (395.24200880000006)
N-[(2R,3R,6S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[2-[3-(4-morpholinyl)propylamino]-2-oxoethyl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-3-yl]cyclobutanecarboxamide
C20H33N3O5 (395.24200880000006)
N-[(2R,3R,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[2-[3-(4-morpholinyl)propylamino]-2-oxoethyl]-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-3-yl]cyclobutanecarboxamide
C20H33N3O5 (395.24200880000006)
N-cyclohexyl-2-[(2S,3R,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[[2-(4-morpholinyl)-1-oxoethyl]amino]-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-6-yl]acetamide
C20H33N3O5 (395.24200880000006)
N-cyclohexyl-2-[(2S,3R,6S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[[2-(4-morpholinyl)-1-oxoethyl]amino]-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-6-yl]acetamide
C20H33N3O5 (395.24200880000006)
N-cyclohexyl-2-[(2S,3S,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[[2-(4-morpholinyl)-1-oxoethyl]amino]-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-6-yl]acetamide
C20H33N3O5 (395.24200880000006)
N-cyclohexyl-2-[(2R,3R,6S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[[2-(4-morpholinyl)-1-oxoethyl]amino]-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-6-yl]acetamide
C20H33N3O5 (395.24200880000006)
N-cyclohexyl-2-[(2R,3R,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[[2-(4-morpholinyl)-1-oxoethyl]amino]-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-6-yl]acetamide
C20H33N3O5 (395.24200880000006)
cyclopropyl-[(8R,9S,10R)-9-[4-[3-(dimethylamino)prop-1-ynyl]phenyl]-10-(hydroxymethyl)-1,6-diazabicyclo[6.2.0]decan-6-yl]methanone
C24H33N3O2 (395.25726380000003)
cyclopropyl-[(8S,9S,10S)-9-[4-[3-(dimethylamino)prop-1-ynyl]phenyl]-10-(hydroxymethyl)-1,6-diazabicyclo[6.2.0]decan-6-yl]methanone
C24H33N3O2 (395.25726380000003)
cyclopropyl-[(8S,9R,10R)-9-[4-[3-(dimethylamino)prop-1-ynyl]phenyl]-10-(hydroxymethyl)-1,6-diazabicyclo[6.2.0]decan-6-yl]methanone
C24H33N3O2 (395.25726380000003)
cyclopropyl-[(8R,9R,10R)-9-[4-[3-(dimethylamino)prop-1-ynyl]phenyl]-10-(hydroxymethyl)-1,6-diazabicyclo[6.2.0]decan-6-yl]methanone
C24H33N3O2 (395.25726380000003)
1-[(3R,3aR)-3-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-2-phenylethyl]-3,3a,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-cyclohepta[c]pyrrol-2-yl]-1-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid methyl ester
15(S)-15-methyl Prostaglandin F2alpha ethyl amide
C23H41NO4 (395.30354260000007)
[(2R)-2-amino-3-hexadecoxypropyl] dihydrogen phosphate
C19H42NO5P (395.2800452000001)
5-[[(2E,14E,17R)-17-hydroxyoctadeca-2,14-dienoyl]amino]pentanoic acid
C23H41NO4 (395.30354260000007)
2-aminoethyl [2-hydroxy-3-[(Z)-tridec-9-enoxy]propyl] hydrogen phosphate
C18H38NO6P (395.24366180000004)
alpha-(4-Dimethylaminophenyl)-omega-(9-phenanthryl)heptane
2-[[(E)-2-acetamido-3-hydroxydec-4-enoxy]-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxyethyl-trimethylazanium
2-[[(E)-2-(butanoylamino)-3-hydroxyoct-4-enoxy]-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxyethyl-trimethylazanium
2-[hydroxy-[(E)-3-hydroxy-2-(propanoylamino)non-4-enoxy]phosphoryl]oxyethyl-trimethylazanium
3-farnesyl-3-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-oxo-1lambda(5)-quinolin-4-one
A member of the class of quinoline N-oxides that is 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-oxo-1lambda(5)-quinolin-4-one carrying an additional (2E,6E)-farnesyl group at position 3.
N-Tert-Butyl-3-(4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-piperazin-1-yl)-2-phenylpropanamide
C24H33N3O2 (395.25726380000003)
D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018490 - Serotonin Agents > D012702 - Serotonin Antagonists
(5Z)-7-[(1R,2R,3S)-3-hydroxy-2-[(1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl]-5-oxocyclopentyl]-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)hept-5-enamide
C22H37NO5 (395.26715920000004)
(7Z,10Z)-hexadecadienoylcarnitine
C23H41NO4 (395.30354260000007)
An O-hexadecadienoylcarnitine having (7Z,10Z)-hexadecadienoyl as the acyl substituent.
1-(9E-decenyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
C18H38NO6P (395.24366180000004)
O-hexadecadienoylcarnitine
C23H41NO4 (395.30354260000007)
An O-acylcarnitine having a hexadecadienoyl group as acyl substituent in which the positions of the two double bonds are unspecified.
O-hexadecadienoyl-L-carnitine
C23H41NO4 (395.30354260000007)
An O-acyl-L-carnitine that is L-carnitine having a hexadecadienoyl group as the acyl substituent in which the positions of the two double bonds are unspecified.
aurachin A
An A-type aurichin that is 1,2-dihydrofuro[2,3-c]quinoline 5-oxide which is substituted at position 2 by a (6E)-10-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylundeca-2,6-dien-10-yl group and at position 4 by a methyl group (relative configuration shown). Found in the myxobacterium Stigmatella aurantiaca strain Sg a15.