Exact Mass: 303.2158
Exact Mass Matches: 303.2158
Found 254 metabolites which its exact mass value is equals to given mass value 303.2158,
within given mass tolerance error 0.05 dalton. Try search metabolite list with more accurate mass tolerance error
0.01 dalton.
Fenpropimorph
Fenpropimorph (CAS: 67564-91-4) belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenylpropanes. These are organic compounds containing a phenylpropane moiety. Fenpropimorph is possibly neutral. Fenpropimorph is an agricultural fungicide used against powdery mildews on sugar beets, beans, and leek. Agricultural fungicide used against powdery mildews on sugar beet, beans and leeks CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 8406 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2573 D016573 - Agrochemicals D010575 - Pesticides
Samandarone
Vildagliptin
Vildagliptin, previously identified as LAF237, is a new oral anti-hyperglycemic agent (anti-diabetic drug) of the new dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor class of drugs. Vildagliptin inhibits the inactivation of GLP-1 and GIP by DPP-4, allowing GLP-1 and GIP to potentiate the secretion of insulin in the beta cells and suppress glucaon release by the alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. It is currently in clinical trials in the U.S. and has been shown to reduce hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus. While the drug is still not approved for use in the US, it was approved in Feb 2008 by European Medicines Agency for use within the EU and is listed on the Australian PBS with certain restrictions. A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A10 - Drugs used in diabetes > A10B - Blood glucose lowering drugs, excl. insulins > A10BH - Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (dpp-4) inhibitors C78276 - Agent Affecting Digestive System or Metabolism > C29711 - Anti-diabetic Agent > C98086 - Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor D007004 - Hypoglycemic Agents > D054873 - Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D011480 - Protease Inhibitors C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C783 - Protease Inhibitor Vildagliptin (LAF237) is a potent, stable, selective dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor with an IC50 of 3.5 nM in human Caco-2 cells. Vildagliptin possesses excellent oral bioavailability and potent antihyperglycemic activity[1].
Pimelylcarnitine
Pimelylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an pimelic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. Pimelylcarnitine is therefore classified as a medium chain AC. As a medium-chain acylcarnitine pimelylcarnitine is somewhat less abundant than short-chain acylcarnitines. These are formed either through esterification with L-carnitine or through the peroxisomal metabolism of longer chain acylcarnitines (PMID: 30540494). Many medium-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine octanoyltransferase (CrOT, EC:2.3.1.137) is responsible for the synthesis of all medium-chain (MCAC, C5-C12) and medium-length branched-chain acylcarnitines in peroxisomes (PMID: 10486279). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
3-hydroxyoctanoyl carnitine
3-Hydroxyoctanoyl carnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is a 3-hydroxyoctanoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. 3-Hydroxyoctanoyl carnitine is therefore classified as a medium chain AC. As a medium-chain acylcarnitine 3-hydroxyoctanoyl carnitine is somewhat less abundant than short-chain acylcarnitines. These are formed either through esterification with L-carnitine or through the peroxisomal metabolism of longer chain acylcarnitines (PMID: 30540494). Many medium-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine octanoyltransferase (CrOT, EC:2.3.1.137) is responsible for the synthesis of all medium-chain (MCAC, C5-C12) and medium-length branched-chain acylcarnitines in peroxisomes (PMID: 10486279). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
2,2-dimethylpentanedioylcarnitine
2,2-dimethylpentanedioylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an 2,2-dimethylpentanedioic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. 2,2-dimethylpentanedioylcarnitine is therefore classified as a medium chain AC. As a medium-chain acylcarnitine 2,2-dimethylpentanedioylcarnitine is somewhat less abundant than short-chain acylcarnitines. These are formed either through esterification with L-carnitine or through the peroxisomal metabolism of longer chain acylcarnitines (PMID: 30540494). Many medium-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine octanoyltransferase (CrOT, EC:2.3.1.137) is responsible for the synthesis of all medium-chain (MCAC, C5-C12) and medium-length branched-chain acylcarnitines in peroxisomes (PMID: 10486279). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
5-Hydroxyoctanoylcarnitine
5-Hydroxyoctanoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an 5-hydroxyoctanoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. 5-Hydroxyoctanoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a medium chain AC. As a medium-chain acylcarnitine 5-Hydroxyoctanoylcarnitine is somewhat less abundant than short-chain acylcarnitines. These are formed either through esterification with L-carnitine or through the peroxisomal metabolism of longer chain acylcarnitines (PMID: 30540494). Many medium-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine octanoyltransferase (CrOT, EC:2.3.1.137) is responsible for the synthesis of all medium-chain (MCAC, C5-C12) and medium-length branched-chain acylcarnitines in peroxisomes (PMID: 10486279). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
7-Hydroxyoctanoylcarnitine
7-Hydroxyoctanoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an 7-hydroxyoctanoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. 7-Hydroxyoctanoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a medium chain AC. As a medium-chain acylcarnitine 7-Hydroxyoctanoylcarnitine is somewhat less abundant than short-chain acylcarnitines. These are formed either through esterification with L-carnitine or through the peroxisomal metabolism of longer chain acylcarnitines (PMID: 30540494). Many medium-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine octanoyltransferase (CrOT, EC:2.3.1.137) is responsible for the synthesis of all medium-chain (MCAC, C5-C12) and medium-length branched-chain acylcarnitines in peroxisomes (PMID: 10486279). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
6-Hydroxyoctanoylcarnitine
6-hydroxyoctanoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an 6-hydroxyoctanoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. 6-hydroxyoctanoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a medium chain AC. As a medium-chain acylcarnitine 6-hydroxyoctanoylcarnitine is somewhat less abundant than short-chain acylcarnitines. These are formed either through esterification with L-carnitine or through the peroxisomal metabolism of longer chain acylcarnitines (PMID: 30540494). Many medium-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine octanoyltransferase (CrOT, EC:2.3.1.137) is responsible for the synthesis of all medium-chain (MCAC, C5-C12) and medium-length branched-chain acylcarnitines in peroxisomes (PMID: 10486279). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
4-Hydroxyoctanoylcarnitine
4-hydroxyoctanoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an 4-hydroxyoctanoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. 4-hydroxyoctanoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a medium chain AC. As a medium-chain acylcarnitine 4-hydroxyoctanoylcarnitine is somewhat less abundant than short-chain acylcarnitines. These are formed either through esterification with L-carnitine or through the peroxisomal metabolism of longer chain acylcarnitines (PMID: 30540494). Many medium-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine octanoyltransferase (CrOT, EC:2.3.1.137) is responsible for the synthesis of all medium-chain (MCAC, C5-C12) and medium-length branched-chain acylcarnitines in peroxisomes (PMID: 10486279). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
5-Hydroxy-2-propylpentanoylcarnitine
5-Hydroxy-2-propylpentanoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an 5-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. 5-Hydroxy-2-propylpentanoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a medium chain AC. As a medium-chain acylcarnitine 5-Hydroxy-2-propylpentanoylcarnitine is somewhat less abundant than short-chain acylcarnitines. These are formed either through esterification with L-carnitine or through the peroxisomal metabolism of longer chain acylcarnitines (PMID: 30540494). Many medium-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine octanoyltransferase (CrOT, EC:2.3.1.137) is responsible for the synthesis of all medium-chain (MCAC, C5-C12) and medium-length branched-chain acylcarnitines in peroxisomes (PMID: 10486279). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
3-v-2-propylpentanoylcarnitine
3-Hydroxy-2-propylpentanoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an 3-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. 3-Hydroxy-2-propylpentanoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a medium chain AC. As a medium-chain acylcarnitine 3-Hydroxy-2-propylpentanoylcarnitine is somewhat less abundant than short-chain acylcarnitines. These are formed either through esterification with L-carnitine or through the peroxisomal metabolism of longer chain acylcarnitines (PMID: 30540494). Many medium-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine octanoyltransferase (CrOT, EC:2.3.1.137) is responsible for the synthesis of all medium-chain (MCAC, C5-C12) and medium-length branched-chain acylcarnitines in peroxisomes (PMID: 10486279). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
4-Hydroxy-2-propylpentanoylcarnitine
4-Hydroxy-2-propylpentanoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an 4-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. 4-Hydroxy-2-propylpentanoylcarnitine is therefore classified as a medium chain AC. As a medium-chain acylcarnitine 4-Hydroxy-2-propylpentanoylcarnitine is somewhat less abundant than short-chain acylcarnitines. These are formed either through esterification with L-carnitine or through the peroxisomal metabolism of longer chain acylcarnitines (PMID: 30540494). Many medium-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine octanoyltransferase (CrOT, EC:2.3.1.137) is responsible for the synthesis of all medium-chain (MCAC, C5-C12) and medium-length branched-chain acylcarnitines in peroxisomes (PMID: 10486279). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
2-Ethylpentanedioylcarnitine
2-Ethylpentanedioylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an 2-ethylpentanedioic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. 2-Ethylpentanedioylcarnitine is therefore classified as a medium chain AC. As a medium-chain acylcarnitine 2-Ethylpentanedioylcarnitine is somewhat less abundant than short-chain acylcarnitines. These are formed either through esterification with L-carnitine or through the peroxisomal metabolism of longer chain acylcarnitines (PMID: 30540494). Many medium-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine octanoyltransferase (CrOT, EC:2.3.1.137) is responsible for the synthesis of all medium-chain (MCAC, C5-C12) and medium-length branched-chain acylcarnitines in peroxisomes (PMID: 10486279). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
N-Lauroyl Cysteine
N-lauroyl cysteine belongs to the class of compounds known as N-acylamides. These are molecules characterized by a fatty acyl group linked to a primary amine by an amide bond. More specifically, it is a Lauric acid amide of Cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 800 types of N-acylamides in the human body. N-acylamides fall into several categories: amino acid conjugates (e.g., those acyl amides conjugated with amino acids), neurotransmitter conjugates (e.g., those acylamides conjugated with neurotransmitters), ethanolamine conjugates (e.g., those acylamides conjugated to ethanolamine), and taurine conjugates (e.g., those acyamides conjugated to taurine). N-Lauroyl Cysteine is an amino acid conjugate. N-acylamides can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain N-acylamides; 2) medium-chain N-acylamides; 3) long-chain N-acylamides; and 4) very long-chain N-acylamides; 5) hydroxy N-acylamides; 6) branched chain N-acylamides; 7) unsaturated N-acylamides; 8) dicarboxylic N-acylamides and 9) miscellaneous N-acylamides. N-Lauroyl Cysteine is therefore classified as a long chain N-acylamide. N-acyl amides have a variety of signaling functions in physiology, including in cardiovascular activity, metabolic homeostasis, memory, cognition, pain, motor control and others (PMID: 15655504). N-acyl amides have also been shown to play a role in cell migration, inflammation and certain pathological conditions such as diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disease, and obesity (PMID: 23144998; PMID: 25136293; PMID: 28854168).N-acyl amides can be synthesized both endogenously and by gut microbiota (PMID: 28854168). N-acylamides can be biosynthesized via different routes, depending on the parent amine group. N-acyl ethanolamines (NAEs) are formed via the hydrolysis of an unusual phospholipid precursor, N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (NAPE), by a specific phospholipase D. N-acyl amino acids are synthesized via a circulating peptidase M20 domain containing 1 (PM20D1), which can catalyze the bidirectional the condensation and hydrolysis of a variety of N-acyl amino acids. The degradation of N-acylamides is largely mediated by an enzyme called fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), which catalyzes the hydrolysis of N-acylamides into fatty acids and the biogenic amines. Many N-acylamides are involved in lipid signaling system through interactions with transient receptor potential channels (TRP). TRP channel proteins interact with N-acyl amides such as N-arachidonoyl ethanolamide (Anandamide), N-arachidonoyl dopamine and others in an opportunistic fashion (PMID: 23178153). This signaling system has been shown to play a role in the physiological processes involved in inflammation (PMID: 25136293). Other N-acyl amides, including N-oleoyl-glutamine, have also been characterized as TRP channel antagonists (PMID: 29967167). N-acylamides have also been shown to have G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) binding activity (PMID: 28854168). The study of N-acylamides is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel N-acylamides will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered for these molecules.
Aptiganel
D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018683 - Excitatory Amino Acid Agents > D018691 - Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D018696 - Neuroprotective Agents C26170 - Protective Agent > C1509 - Neuroprotective Agent D020011 - Protective Agents
(8-Methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl) 3-methoxy-2-phenylpropanoate
1-[(5-Methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-3-yl)methylideneamino]-2-pentylguanidine
(+-)-N-Methyloreolin|(??)-Oridine|N-Methyl-oreolin|N-Methyl-oridin|N-Methyloreolin
10-Phenyl-8-propyllobeliolone|8-Propyl-10-phenyl-lobeliolon
(2R,2S)-3-(2,3-Dihydroxy-3-methylbutyl)-5-(2,3-epoxy-3-methylbutyl)indole
(-)-suaveoline|(6S,13S)-4-ethyl-6,7,12,13-tetrahydro-7-methyl-6,13-imino-5H-pyrido[3,4:5,6]cyclooct[1,2-b]indole|4-ethyl-7-methyl-6,7,12,13-tetrahydro-5H-6,13-epiazano-pyrido[3,4:5,6]cycloocta[1,2-b]indole|Suaveolin|suaveoline|Suaveoline +
hexadeca-2E,9Z,12Z,14E-tetraenoic acid isobutylamide
(-)-berkeleyamide A|(10S,11R,14S)-berkeleyamide A|berkeleyamide A
2-[(3-isopropoy-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-2-methylbutanenitrile
(-)-3-methoxy-4-O-methyljoubertiamine|(S)-3-Methoxy-4-O-methyljoubertiamine|O-methyljoubertiamine
(2E)-N-isobutyl-7-(3,4-methylenedioxy)phenylheptenenamide|(2E)-N-isobutyl-7-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)hepta-2-enamide|Pipercallosidine
10-O-demethylproemethine|10-O-demethylprotoemetine
4-hydroxy-6-[(E,E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,5-dienyl]-3-methyl-5-propyl-1H-pyridin-2-one|iromycin A|NK26588
Vildagliptin
A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A10 - Drugs used in diabetes > A10B - Blood glucose lowering drugs, excl. insulins > A10BH - Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (dpp-4) inhibitors C78276 - Agent Affecting Digestive System or Metabolism > C29711 - Anti-diabetic Agent > C98086 - Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor D007004 - Hypoglycemic Agents > D054873 - Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D011480 - Protease Inhibitors C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C783 - Protease Inhibitor CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2266 INTERNAL_ID 2266; CONFIDENCE standard compound CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3146 Vildagliptin (LAF237) is a potent, stable, selective dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor with an IC50 of 3.5 nM in human Caco-2 cells. Vildagliptin possesses excellent oral bioavailability and potent antihyperglycemic activity[1].
Fenpropimorph
D016573 - Agrochemicals D010575 - Pesticides CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 4023 CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 146
C18H25NO3_2-Heptenamide, 7-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-N-(2-methylpropyl)-, (2E)
1-Pyrrolidinepropanol, a-(4-hydroxycyclohexyl)-a-phenyl-, trans-
1-Pyrrolidinepropanol, a-(4-hydroxycyclohexyl)-a-phenyl-, cis-
4-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)phenyl 1-(aminoiminomethyl)-4-piperidinecarboxyla te
TERT-BUTYL 2-((TERT-BUTOXYCARBONYL)AMINO)-6-HYDROXYHEXANOATE
1-Piperazineethanol,4-[2-[bis(2-hydroxypropyl)amino]ethyl]-a-methyl-
4-(trans-4-Propylcyclohexyl)-[1,1-biphenyl]-4-carbonitrile
benzyl 3-[3-(aminomethyl)azetidin-1-yl]piperidine-1-carboxylate
2-(Tert-butylcarbonylamino)phenylboronic acid pinacol ester
1-METHYL-4-(6-(4,4,5,5-TETRAMETHYL-1,3,2-DIOXABOROLAN-2-YL)PYRIDIN-2-YL)PIPERAZINE
N-(PIPERIDIN-1-YL)-5-(4,4,5,5-TETRAMETHYL-1,3,2-DIOXABOROLAN-2-YL)PYRIDIN-2-AMINE
2-piperazin-1-yl-4,6-dipyrrolidin-1-yl-1,3,5-triazine
1-METHYL-4-(4-(4,4,5,5-TETRAMETHYL-1,3,2-DIOXABOROLAN-2-YL)PYRIDIN-2-YL)PIPERAZINE
4-(3-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzyl)morpholine
4-(2-(4,4,5,5-TETRAMETHYL-1,3,2-DIOXABOROLAN-2-YL)BENZYL)MORPHOLINE
TERT-BUTYL SPIRO[ISOCHROMAN-1,4-PIPERIDINE]-1-CARBOXYLATE
tert-Butyl 3-hydroxyspiro[indan-1,4-piperidine]-1-carboxylate
4-(4-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzyl)morpholine
N,N-diethyl-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzamide
N-CYCLOHEXYL-5-(4,4,5,5-TETRAMETHYL-1,3,2-DIOXABOROLAN-2-YL)PYRIMIDIN-2-AMINE
N-Isopropyl-2-(3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)acetamide
N-propyl-2-[3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl]acetamide
N-Isopropyl-2-(4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)acetamide
N-propyl-2-[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl]acetamide
1-[3-(4-TERT-BUTYLBENZOYL)-PROPYL]-4-HYDROXYPIPERIDINE
n-t-butyl-3-(4-(p-methoxyphenyl)piperazinyl)azetidine
tert-Butyl 4-(4-methylbenzoyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate
tert-Butyl 4-(5H-pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate
Methyl (8-benzyl-1-oxa-8-azaspiro[4.5]dec-2-yl)acetate
DI-TERT-BUTYL(NEOPENTYL)PHOSPHONIUM TETRAFLUOROBORATE
1H-PYRROLO[2,3-B]PYRIDIN-5-AMINE, 2-METHYL-1-[TRIS(1-METHYLETHYL)SILYL]-
2-(CYCLOHEXYLOXY)-6-(4,4,5,5-TETRAMETHYL-1,3,2-DIOXABOROLAN-2-YL)PYRIDINE
1-methyl-4-(5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyridin-3-yl)piperazine
3-(2,5-dimethylphenyl)-4-hydroxy-8-methoxy-1-azaspiro[4.5]decan-2-one
(2R)-1-[2-[(3-Hydroxytricyclo[3.3.1.1(3,7)]dec-1-yl)amino]acetyl]-2-pyrrolidinecarbonitrile
(2R)-Vildagliptin is the isomer of Vildagliptin (HY-14291), and can be used as an experimental control. Vildagliptin (LAF237) is a potent, stable, selective dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor with an IC50 of 3.5 nM in human Caco-2 cells. Vildagliptin possesses excellent oral bioavailability and potent antihyperglycemic activity[1].
(3R,4S,5S)-4-(tert-butoxycarbonyl(Methyl)amino)-3-Methoxy-5-Methylheptanoic acid
3-(1,3-Dimethylbutylidene)Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane
2-(4-Methyl-piperazin-1-yl)pyridine-5-boronic acid pinacol ester
benzyl N-[(1-piperidin-4-ylazetidin-3-yl)methyl]carbamate
N,N-diethyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzamide
Aditoprim
C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C2153 - Dihydrofolate Reductase Inhibitor D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D005493 - Folic Acid Antagonists C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C52588 - Antibacterial Agent
2-Cyclohexyloxypyridine-3-boronic acid pinacol ester
benzyl N-[(1-piperidin-3-ylazetidin-3-yl)methyl]carbamate
N-[(1S)-2-methyl-1-(pyridin-4-ylcarbamoyl)propyl]cyclohexanecarboxamide
3-hydroxyoctanoyl carnitine
3-Hydroxyoctanoyl carnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is a 3-hydroxyoctanoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. 3-Hydroxyoctanoyl carnitine is therefore classified as a medium chain AC. As a medium-chain acylcarnitine 3-hydroxyoctanoyl carnitine is somewhat less abundant than short-chain acylcarnitines. These are formed either through esterification with L-carnitine or through the peroxisomal metabolism of longer chain acylcarnitines (PMID: 30540494). Many medium-chain acylcarnitines can serve as useful markers for inherited disorders of fatty acid metabolism. Carnitine octanoyltransferase (CrOT, EC:2.3.1.137) is responsible for the synthesis of all medium-chain (MCAC, C5-C12) and medium-length branched-chain acylcarnitines in peroxisomes (PMID: 10486279). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
2,2-Dimethyl-4-(1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-yl)-7-phenoxy-3-heptanol
1-[(5-Methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-3-yl)methylideneamino]-2-pentylguanidine
Pipercallosidine
An enamide that is (2E)-N-isobutylhept-2-enamide which is substituted at position 7 by a 3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl group. A natural product found in Piper sarmentosum.
Leu-Thr-Ala
A tripeptide composed of L-leucine, L-threonine and L-alanine joined in sequence by peptide linkages.
(2E,6E,10E)-geranylgeranate
A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of (2E,6E,10E)-geranylgeranic acid; major species at pH 7.3.
O-pimelylcarnitine
An O-acylcarnitine in which the acyl group specified is pimelyl.
3-(1-methyl-2-oxoimidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-3-yl)-N-propan-2-ylpyrrolidine-1-carboxamide
(4S)-4-(6-carboxyhexanoyloxy)-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoate
(2R,6R)-4-[3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-2-methylpropyl]-2,6-dimethylmorpholine
[(2R,3R,6S)-3-amino-6-[2-[4-(2-pyridinyl)-1-triazolyl]ethyl]-2-oxanyl]methanol
[(2R,3R,6R)-3-amino-6-[2-[4-(2-pyridinyl)-1-triazolyl]ethyl]-2-oxanyl]methanol
[(2R,3S,6S)-3-amino-6-[2-[4-(2-pyridinyl)-1-triazolyl]ethyl]-2-oxanyl]methanol
[(2S,3S,6R)-3-amino-6-[2-[4-(2-pyridinyl)-1-triazolyl]ethyl]-2-oxanyl]methanol
(2S,6S)-4-[3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-2-methylpropyl]-2,6-dimethylmorpholine
1-(2-amino-1-oxobutyl)-N-butyl-2,3-dihydroindole-2-carboxamide
9-[(3,6-dideoxy-alpha-L-arabino-hexopyranosyl)oxy]nonanoate
(8R)-8-[(3,6-dideoxy-alpha-L-arabino-hexopyranosyl)oxy]nonanoate
2-amino-3-methyl-4H-imidazol-5-one;2-(6-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethanamine
1-Butyl-5-hydroxy-3-methoxycarbonyl-2,4,6,7-tetramethylindole
1-(3,7,11-Trimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatrienyl)-2-piperidinone
Arachidonate
A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid.
Aptiganel
D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018683 - Excitatory Amino Acid Agents > D018691 - Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D018696 - Neuroprotective Agents C26170 - Protective Agent > C1509 - Neuroprotective Agent D020011 - Protective Agents
O-pimelyl-L-carnitine
An O-acyl-L-carnitine that is L-carnitine having a pimelyl group as the acyl substituent.
3-Hydroxyoctanoylcarnitine
An O-acylcarnitine having 3-hydroxyoctanoyl as the acyl substituent.
oscr#10(1-)
A hydroxy fatty acid ascaroside anion that is the conjugate base of oscr#10, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.
ascr#10(1-)
A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the deprotonation of the carboxy group of ascr#10. The conjugate base of ascr#10 and the major species at pH 7.3.
icosatetraenoate
A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of icosatetraenoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group. Major species at pH 7.3.
all-cis-8,11,14,17-icosatetraenoate
An unsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of all-cis-8,11,14,17-icosatetraenoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.
(5Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-icosatetraenoate
An icosatetraenoate that is the conjugate base of (5Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-icosatetraenoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.
