Classification Term: 8
Delta valerolactones (ontology term: CHEMONTID:0001244)
Cyclic organic compounds containing an oxan-2- one moiety." []
found 31 associated metabolites at sub_class metabolite taxonomy ontology rank level.
Ancestor: Lactones
Child Taxonomies: There is no child term of current ontology term.
Lovastatin
Lovastatin is a fatty acid ester that is mevastatin carrying an additional methyl group on the carbobicyclic skeleton. It is used in as an anticholesteremic drug and has been found in fungal species such as Aspergillus terreus and Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom). It has a role as an Aspergillus metabolite, a prodrug, an anticholesteremic drug and an antineoplastic agent. It is a polyketide, a statin (naturally occurring), a member of hexahydronaphthalenes, a delta-lactone and a fatty acid ester. It is functionally related to a (S)-2-methylbutyric acid and a mevastatin. Lovastatin, also known as the brand name product Mevacor, is a lipid-lowering drug and fungal metabolite derived synthetically from a fermentation product of Aspergillus terreus. Originally named Mevinolin, lovastatin belongs to the statin class of medications, which are used to lower the risk of cardiovascular disease and manage abnormal lipid levels by inhibiting the endogenous production of cholesterol in the liver. More specifically, statin medications competitively inhibit the enzyme hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) Reductase, which catalyzes the conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonic acid and is the third step in a sequence of metabolic reactions involved in the production of several compounds involved in lipid metabolism and transport including cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (sometimes referred to as "bad cholesterol"), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). Prescribing of statin medications is considered standard practice following any cardiovascular events and for people with a moderate to high risk of development of CVD, such as those with Type 2 Diabetes. The clear evidence of the benefit of statin use coupled with very minimal side effects or long term effects has resulted in this class becoming one of the most widely prescribed medications in North America. Lovastatin and other drugs from the statin class of medications including [atorvastatin], [pravastatin], [rosuvastatin], [fluvastatin], and [simvastatin] are considered first-line options for the treatment of dyslipidemia. Increasing use of the statin class of drugs is largely due to the fact that cardiovascular disease (CVD), which includes heart attack, atherosclerosis, angina, peripheral artery disease, and stroke, has become a leading cause of death in high-income countries and a major cause of morbidity around the world. Elevated cholesterol levels, and in particular, elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels, are an important risk factor for the development of CVD. Use of statins to target and reduce LDL levels has been shown in a number of landmark studies to significantly reduce the risk of development of CVD and all-cause mortality. Statins are considered a cost-effective treatment option for CVD due to their evidence of reducing all-cause mortality including fatal and non-fatal CVD as well as the need for surgical revascularization or angioplasty following a heart attack. Evidence has shown that even for low-risk individuals (with <10\\\\% risk of a major vascular event occurring within 5 years) statins cause a 20\\\\%-22\\\\% relative reduction in major cardiovascular events (heart attack, stroke, coronary revascularization, and coronary death) for every 1 mmol/L reduction in LDL without any significant side effects or risks. While all statin medications are considered equally effective from a clinical standpoint, [rosuvastatin] is considered the most potent; doses of 10 to 40mg [rosuvastatin] per day were found in clinical studies to result in a 45.8\\\\% to 54.6\\\\% decrease in LDL cholesterol levels, while lovastatin has been found to have an average decrease in LDL-C of 25-40\\\\%. Potency is thought to correlate to tissue permeability as the more lipophilic statins such as lovastatin are thought to enter endothelial cells by passive diffusion, as opposed to hydrophilic statins such as [pravastatin] and [rosuvastatin] which are taken up into hepatocytes through OATP1B1 (org... Lovastatin is a cholesterol-lowering agent that belongs to the class of medications called statins. It was the second agent of this class discovered. It was discovered by Alfred Alberts and his team at Merck in 1978 after screening only 18 compounds over 2 weeks. The agent, also known as mevinolin, was isolated from the fungi Aspergillus terreus. Research on this compound was suddenly shut down in 1980 and the drug was not approved until 1987. Interesting, Akira Endo at Sankyo Co. (Japan) patented lovastatin isolated from Monascus ruber four months before Merck. Lovastatin was found to be 2 times more potent than its predecessor, mevastatin, the first discovered statin. Like mevastatin, lovastatin is structurally similar to hydroxymethylglutarate (HMG), a substituent of HMG-Coenzyme A (HMG-CoA), a substrate of the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway via the mevalonic acid pathway. Lovastatin is a competitive inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase with a binding affinity 20,000 times greater than HMG-CoA. Lovastatin differs structurally from mevastatin by a single methyl group at the 6 position. Lovastatin is a prodrug that is activated by in vivo hydrolysis of the lactone ring. It, along with mevastatin, has served as one of the lead compounds for the development of the synthetic compounds used today. A fatty acid ester that is mevastatin carrying an additional methyl group on the carbobicyclic skeleton. It is used in as an anticholesteremic drug and has been found in fungal species such as Aspergillus terreus and Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom). C - Cardiovascular system > C10 - Lipid modifying agents > C10A - Lipid modifying agents, plain > C10AA - Hmg coa reductase inhibitors D057847 - Lipid Regulating Agents > D000960 - Hypolipidemic Agents > D000924 - Anticholesteremic Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D019161 - Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors C78276 - Agent Affecting Digestive System or Metabolism > C29703 - Antilipidemic Agent C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C1655 - HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites CONFIDENCE standard compound; EAWAG_UCHEM_ID 3139 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 2212 Lovastatin is a cell-permeable HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor used to lower cholesterol. Lovastatin is a cell-permeable HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor used to lower cholesterol.
D-Xylono-1,5-lactone
D-xylonolactone is a lactone derivative of xylonic acid. It is an intermediate in the pentose and glucuronate interconversion pathway and can be formed from either D-xylonic acid or D-xylose. D-xylose is a simple 5 carbon sugar that is found in a variety of edible plants. It is also frequently used in intestinal absorption tests to help diagnose problems that prevent the small intestine from absorbing nutrients in food. Xylose is also the first saccharide added to the serine or threonine in the proteoglycan type O-glycosylation and so it is the first saccharide in biosynthetic pathways of most anionic polysaccharides such as heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate. D-xylose is normally easily absorbed by the intestines where it can be converted to D-xylonolactone by intestinal D-xylose 1-dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.175). [HMDB] D-xylonolactone is a lactone derivative of xylonic acid. It is an intermediate in the pentose and glucuronate interconversion pathway and can be formed from either D-xylonic acid or D-xylose. D-xylose is a simple 5 carbon sugar that is found in a variety of edible plants. It is also frequently used in intestinal absorption tests to help diagnose problems that prevent the small intestine from absorbing nutrients in food. Xylose is also the first saccharide added to the serine or threonine in the proteoglycan type O-glycosylation and so it is the first saccharide in biosynthetic pathways of most anionic polysaccharides such as heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate. D-xylose is normally easily absorbed by the intestines where it can be converted to D-xylonolactone by intestinal D-xylose 1-dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.175).
delta-Decalactone
delta-Decalactone, also known as 5-decanolide or δ-amylvalerolactone, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as delta valerolactones. These are cyclic organic compounds containing an oxan-2- one moiety. Thus, delta-decalactone is considered to be a fatty ester lipid molecule. delta-Decalactone is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. delta-Decalactone is a sweet, apricot, and butter tasting compound. delta-Decalactone has been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as coconuts, evergreen blackberries, bilberries, milk and milk products, and fats and oils. This could make delta-decalactone a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. A delta-lactone that is 5-valerolactone substituted by a pentyl group at position 6. 6-pentyloxan-2-one is a delta-lactone that is 5-valerolactone substituted by a pentyl group at position 6. It has a role as a metabolite. It is functionally related to a 5-valerolactone. delta-Decalactone is a natural product found in Curio articulatus, Mangifera indica, and Fusarium poae with data available. 1,5-Decanolide is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Present in coconut oil, butter oil, apricots, peaches, cheese, cane sugar, pork fat, margarine, lavender oil, and other substances. Fragrance raw material and flavouring agent. 5-Pentyl-delta-valerolactone is found in many foods, some of which are bilberry, fruits, animal foods, and milk and milk products. A delta-lactone that is 5-valerolactone substituted by a pentyl group at position 6. δ-Decalactone is a lactone compound found in nonfat dry milks and fruit. δ-Decalactone has a sweet taste[1][2]. δ-Decalactone is a lactone compound found in nonfat dry milks and fruit. δ-Decalactone has a sweet taste[1][2].
Mevalonolactone
Mevalonolactone is a substance obtained by the dehydration of mevalonic acid and is rapidly converted back into mevalonic acid in water. Mevaolonic acid exists in equilibrium with mevalolactone, which is formed by internal condensation of mevalonic acids terminal alcohol and carboxylic acid functional groups. Mevalonic acid is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of terpenes and steroids. Mevalonolactone is known ot inhibit HMG-CoA reductase activity. [HMDB] Mevalonolactone is a substance obtained by the dehydration of mevalonic acid and is rapidly converted back into mevalonic acid in water. Mevaolonic acid exists in equilibrium with mevalolactone, which is formed by internal condensation of mevalonic acids terminal alcohol and carboxylic acid functional groups. Mevalonic acid is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of terpenes and steroids. Mevalonolactone is known ot inhibit HMG-CoA reductase activity. DL-Mevalonolactone ((±)-Mevalonolactone;Mevalolactone) is the δ-lactone form of mevalonic acid, a precursor in the mevalonate pathway. DL-Mevalonolactone (Mevalonolactone) decreases mitochondrial membrane potential (?Ψm), NAD(P)H content and the capacity to retain Ca2+ in the brain, besides inducing mitochondrial swelling[1][2].
Simvastatin
Simvastatin is a hypolipidemic drug belonging to the class of pharmaceuticals called statins. It is used to control hypercholesterolemia (elevated cholesterol levels) and to prevent cardiovascular disease. Simvastatin is a synthetic derivate of a fermentation product of Aspergillus terreus; Simvastatin is a powerful lipid-lowering drug that can decrease low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels by up to 50 percent. It is used in doses of 5 mg up to 80 mg. Higher doses (160 mg) have been found to be too toxic, while giving only minimal benefit in terms of lipid lowering. There is no real effect on HDL and triglyceride levels.; Simvastatin (INN) is a hypolipidemic drug belonging to the class of pharmaceuticals called statins. It is used to control hypercholesterolemia (elevated cholesterol levels) and to prevent cardiovascular disease. Simvastatin is a synthetic derivate of a fermentation product of Aspergillus terreus; The drug is the form of an inactive lactone that is hydrolized after ingestion to produce the active agent. It is a white, nonhygroscopic, crystalline powder that is practically insoluble in water, and freely soluble in chloroform, methanol and ethanol; Ezetimibe/simvastatin is a combination product to lower lipids and marketed as Vytorin. [HMDB] Simvastatin is a hypolipidemic drug belonging to the class of pharmaceuticals called statins. It is used to control hypercholesterolemia (elevated cholesterol levels) and to prevent cardiovascular disease. Simvastatin is a synthetic derivate of a fermentation product of Aspergillus terreus; Simvastatin is a powerful lipid-lowering drug that can decrease low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels by up to 50 percent. It is used in doses of 5 mg up to 80 mg. Higher doses (160 mg) have been found to be too toxic, while giving only minimal benefit in terms of lipid lowering. There is no real effect on HDL and triglyceride levels. Simvastatin (INN) is a hypolipidemic drug belonging to the class of pharmaceuticals called statins. It is used to control hypercholesterolemia (elevated cholesterol levels) and to prevent cardiovascular disease. Simvastatin is a synthetic derivate of a fermentation product of Aspergillus terreus; The drug is the form of an inactive lactone that is hydrolized after ingestion to produce the active agent. It is a white, nonhygroscopic, crystalline powder that is practically insoluble in water, and freely soluble in chloroform, methanol and ethanol; Ezetimibe/simvastatin is a combination product to lower lipids and marketed as Vytorin. C - Cardiovascular system > C10 - Lipid modifying agents > C10A - Lipid modifying agents, plain > C10AA - Hmg coa reductase inhibitors D057847 - Lipid Regulating Agents > D000960 - Hypolipidemic Agents > D000924 - Anticholesteremic Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D019161 - Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors C78276 - Agent Affecting Digestive System or Metabolism > C29703 - Antilipidemic Agent COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C1655 - HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites Simvastatin. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=79902-63-9 (retrieved 2024-10-09) (CAS RN: 79902-63-9). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).
xi-5-Dodecanolide
Xi-5-dodecanolide, also known as (+/-)-6-heptyltetrahydro-2h-pyran-2-one or (+/-)-delta-heptyl-delta-valerolactone, is a member of the class of compounds known as delta valerolactones. Delta valerolactones are cyclic organic compounds containing an oxan-2- one moiety. Thus, xi-5-dodecanolide is considered to be a fatty ester lipid molecule. Xi-5-dodecanolide is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Xi-5-dodecanolide can be found in alcoholic beverages, fruits, herbs and spices, and milk and milk products, which makes xi-5-dodecanolide a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. xi-5-Dodecanolide is found in alcoholic beverages. xi-5-Dodecanolide is isolated from coconut oil, peach, raspberry, strawberry and other fruits, peppermint oil, cheeses, cooked meats and white wine.
6-Hexyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
(±)-6-Hexyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one is a flavouring reagent. It is used as a food additive
delta-Hexanolactone
delta-Hexanolactone is the lactone of 5-hydroxyhexanoic acid. Lactones are internal esters that exist in equilibrium between their closed (lactone) and open (hydroxy acid) forms in an aqueous environment. The lactone/hydroxy acid ratio at equilibrium is pH-dependent, with the closed form being favored at lower pH values, and can be greatly influenced by structural features of the lactone such as the ring size, substituents on the ring and the presence of double bonds within the ring. Many drugs and endogenous compounds are lactones or hydroxy acids and an enzyme capable of catalyzing the interchange between the open and closed forms in vivo could have pronounced effects upon their biological activity and/or distribution. delta-Hexanolactone is the substrate of paraoxonases (PON) in humans. Human PON1 hydrolyzes over 30 different lactones (cyclic esters) and catalyzes the reverse reaction (lactonization) of a broad range of hydroxy acids. Hydroxy acid lactonization or lactone hydrolysis is catalyzed until equilibrium between the open and closed forms is reached (PMID: 15772423, 12963475, 12963475).
(4S,6S)-3,4,5,6-Tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one
(4S,6S)-3,4,5,6-Tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one is found in root vegetables. (4S,6S)-3,4,5,6-Tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one is a constituent of Osmunda japonica (zenmai). Constituent of Osmunda japonica (zenmai). (4S,6S)-3,4,5,6-Tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one is found in root vegetables.
(-)-(Z)-Tetrahydro-6-(2-pentenyl)-2H-pyran-2-one
(-)-(Z)-Tetrahydro-6-(2-pentenyl)-2H-pyran-2-one is found in herbs and spices. (-)-(Z)-Tetrahydro-6-(2-pentenyl)-2H-pyran-2-one is a flavouring ingredient. (-)-(Z)-Tetrahydro-6-(2-pentenyl)-2H-pyran-2-one is present in peppermint oil and various types of tea. (-)-(Z)-Tetrahydro-6-(2-pentenyl)-2H-pyran-2-one is a flavouring ingredient. It is found in peppermint oil and various types of tea, herbs and spices.
4-Methyl-5-hexanolide
(5R*,6S*)-Tetrahydro-5,6-dimethyl-2H-pyran-2-one is found in milk and milk products. Minor flavour constituent of milk (trans-form of undetermined absolute configuration). Minty flavouring agent [CCD]
Diosbulbin E
Diosbulbin E is found in root vegetables. Diosbulbin E is a constituent of Dioscorea bulbifera (air potato).
xi-Tetrahydro-6-propyl-2H-pyran-2-one
xi-Tetrahydro-6-propyl-2H-pyran-2-one belongs to the class of organic compounds known as delta valerolactones. These are cyclic organic compounds containing an oxan-2- one moiety. xi-Tetrahydro-6-propyl-2H-pyran-2-one is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Thus, XI-tetrahydro-6-propyl-2H-pyran-2-one is considered to be a fatty ester lipid molecule. xi-Tetrahydro-6-propyl-2H-pyran-2-one has been detected, but not quantified, in fats and oils and fruits. This could make XI-tetrahydro-6-propyl-2H-pyran-2-one a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. It is used in food flavouring. Isolated from many substances including coconut and butter oils, fruits (e.g. strawberry, pineapple) and cooked meats. xi-Tetrahydro-6-propyl-2H-pyran-2-one is found in fats and oils, animal foods, and fruits.
alpha-Carboxy-delta-decalactone
alpha-Carboxy-delta-decalactone is found in milk and milk products. alpha-Carboxy-delta-decalactone is a possible latent butter aroma compoun
alpha-Carboxy-delta-nonalactone
alpha-Carboxy-delta-nonalactone is found in milk and milk products. alpha-Carboxy-delta-nonalactone is a possible latent butter aroma compoun
6-Butyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
6-Butyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one is a flavouring ingredien Flavouring ingredient
xi-Tetrahydro-3-propyl-2H-pyran-2-one
xi-Tetrahydro-3-propyl-2H-pyran-2-one is found in fruits. xi-Tetrahydro-3-propyl-2H-pyran-2-one is detected in date aroma (Phoenix dactylifera). Detected in date aroma (Phoenix dactylifera). xi-Tetrahydro-3-propyl-2H-pyran-2-one is found in fruits.
xi-Tetrahydro-3-pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one
xi-Tetrahydro-3-pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one is found in fruits. xi-Tetrahydro-3-pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one is present in aroma of date palm fruit (Phoenix dactylifera). Present in aroma of date palm fruit (Phoenix dactylifera). xi-Tetrahydro-3-pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one is found in fruits.
xi-Tetrahydro-3-nonyl-2H-pyran-2-one
xi-Tetrahydro-3-nonyl-2H-pyran-2-one is found in fruits. xi-Tetrahydro-3-nonyl-2H-pyran-2-one is present in aroma of date palm fruit (Phoenix dactylifera). Present in aroma of date palm fruit (Phoenix dactylifera). xi-Tetrahydro-3-nonyl-2H-pyran-2-one is found in fruits.
6-(3-Hexenyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
6-(3-Hexenyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one is a flavouring ingredient. Flavouring ingredient
delta-Tetradecalactone
delta-Tetradecalactone is found in fats and oils. delta-Tetradecalactone is found in coconut oil, butter, cheese, pork fat, tuberose oil, chicken fat, beef fat, milk and others (poss. in an enantiomeric form). delta-Tetradecalactone is a flavouring ingredient. Found in coconut oil, butter, cheese, pork fat, tuberose oil, chicken fat, beef fat, milk and others (poss. in an enantiomeric form). Flavouring ingredient
2H-Pyran-2-one, tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-4-methyl-, (R)-
[(1S,3S,7R,8R,8As)-8-[2-[(4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] (2R)-2-methylbutanoate
D057847 - Lipid Regulating Agents > D000960 - Hypolipidemic Agents > D000924 - Anticholesteremic Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D019161 - Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors D009676 - Noxae > D000963 - Antimetabolites
Mevastatin
Pravastatin lactone
(1R,3S,7R,8R,8As)-8-{2-[(2R,4S)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl}-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl 2,2-dimethylbutanoate
Simvastatin is a hypolipidemic drug belonging to the class of pharmaceuticals called statins. It is used to control hypercholesterolemia (elevated cholesterol levels) and to prevent cardiovascular disease. Simvastatin is a synthetic derivate of a fermentation product of Aspergillus terreus; Simvastatin is a powerful lipid-lowering drug that can decrease low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels by up to 50 percent. It is used in doses of 5 mg up to 80 mg. Higher doses (160 mg) have been found to be too toxic, while giving only minimal benefit in terms of lipid lowering. There is no real effect on HDL and triglyceride levels.; Simvastatin (INN) is a hypolipidemic drug belonging to the class of pharmaceuticals called statins. It is used to control hypercholesterolemia (elevated cholesterol levels) and to prevent cardiovascular disease. Simvastatin is a synthetic derivate of a fermentation product of Aspergillus terreus; The drug is the form of an inactive lactone that is hydrolized after ingestion to produce the active agent. It is a white, nonhygroscopic, crystalline powder that is practically insoluble in water, and freely soluble in chloroform, methanol and ethanol; Ezetimibe/simvastatin is a combination product to lower lipids and marketed as Vytorin. [HMDB]
cis-Ligustilide
Cis-ligustilide is a member of the class of compounds known as delta valerolactones. Delta valerolactones are cyclic organic compounds containing an oxan-2- one moiety. Cis-ligustilide is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Cis-ligustilide can be found in dill, lovage, parsley, and wild celery, which makes cis-ligustilide a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.