Classification Term: 5
Lactones (ontology term: CHEMONTID:0000050)
Cyclic esters of hydroxy carboxylic acids, containing a 1-oxacycloalkan-2-one structure, or analogues having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring." []
found 10 associated metabolites at class metabolite taxonomy ontology rank level.
Ancestor: Organoheterocyclic compounds
Child Taxonomies: Caprolactones, Beta propiolactones, Delta valerolactones, Gamma butyrolactones
epsilon-Caprolactone
ε-Caprolactone, also known simply as caprolactone, is a compound belonging to the family of compounds known as lactones. Lactones are cyclic esters of hydroxyl carboxylic acids, wherein the functional group has become part of a ring structure with carbon atoms. Caprolactone consists of a seven membered ring derived from the cyclization of caproic acid. As a monomer it used in the production of highly specialized plastics and polymers. Caprolactone is produced by the Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of cyclohexanone with peracetic acid, and was used previously (until economically inviable) as a precursor in the production of caprolactam. Several other caprolactone isomers are known. These isomers include α-, β-, γ-, and δ-caprolactones. All are chiral. (R)-γ-caprolactone is a component of floral scents and of the aromas of some fruits and vegetables (Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 37: 413–418), while δ-caprolactone is found in heated milk fat (Journal of Dairy Science. 48 (5): 615–616).
xi-1,8,8-Trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one
1,2-campholide is a member of the class of compounds known as lactones. Lactones are cyclic esters of hydroxy carboxylic acids, containing a 1-oxacycloalkan-2-one structure, or analogues having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring. Thus, 1,2-campholide is considered to be an isoprenoid lipid molecule. 1,2-campholide is slightly soluble (in water) and an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). 1,2-campholide can be found in herbs and spices, which makes 1,2-campholide a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. xi-1,8,8-Trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one is found in herbs and spices. Intermed. metabolite of camphor in mature sage.
Galactonolactone
Galactonolactone has been determined in human urine by reversed-phase HPLC for the specific evaluation of metabolic by-products in the urine of galactosemic patients and based on the simultaneous determination of gluconolactone, galactonolactone and galactitol. (PMID: 1797843). Patients with galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase (GALT) deficiency, given a load of galactose have been shown to excrete six times as much galactonate in their urine as normal subjects exposed to the same experimental conditions. The production of galactonate occurs through the activity of a soluble NAD+-dependent galactose dehydrogenase, catalyzing the conversion of galactose to D-galactonolactone (D-galactose: NAD+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.48). (OMMBID). Galactonolactone has been determined in human urine by reversed-phase HPLC for the specific evaluation of metabolic by-products in the urine of galactosemic patients and based on the simultaneous determination of gluconolactone, galactonolactone and galactitol. (PMID: 1797843)
Menthone lactone
Menthone lactone is a flavouring ingredient with maple syrup-brown sugar odour. It is isolated from Mentha piperita (peppermint) rhizomes. Flavouring ingredient with maple syrup-brown sugar odour. Isolated from Mentha piperita (peppermint) rhizomes
Solerol
Solerol, also known as 4,5-dihydroxyhexanoic acid lactone, is a volatile component originally identified in extracts of grape wines and numerous fruits, with aroma being among the most important factors in determining wine character and quality (PMID: 11052736 ). Solerol (4,5-dihydroxyhexanoic acid lactone) also appears to be a marker for Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) deficiency and probably arises from the reaction of succinic semialdehyde with an intermediate in the pyruvate dehydrogenase pathway (PMID: 3126356 ). SSADH is a disorder that arises from a defect in gamma-aminobutyric acid catabolism, resulting in the accumulation of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB), 2,4-dihydroxybutyric acid, adipic acid as well as elevated levels of 4,5-dihydroxyhexanoic acid, and 4,5-dihydroxyhexanoic acid lactone and causing neurological and cognitive disorders of varying severity (PMID: 3126356 ). Children with SSADH deficiency usually manifest with developmental delay, behavioral symptoms, language dysfunction, seizures, hypotonia, extrapyramidal symptoms, and ataxia (PMID: 32055132). Solerol is a volatile component identified in extracts of grape wines and numerous fruits, with aroma being among the most important factors in determining wine character and quality. (PMID: 11052736). Solerol (4,5-dihydroxyhexanoic acid lactone) also appears to be a marker for Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) deficiency and probably arises from the reaction of succinic semialdehyde with an intermediate in the pyruvate dehydrogenase pathway (PMID: 3126356). SSADH is a defect in gamma-aminobutyric acid catabolism, resulting in the accumulation of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) and causing neurological and cognitive disorders of varying severity. [HMDB]
6-Decanolide
6-Decanolide is a food flavour ingredient. Not reported in nature. Food flavour ingredient. Not reported in nature
7-Hexyl-2-oxepanone
7-Hexyl-2-oxepanone is a food flavouring ingredient for candies, dairy products and soft drinks. Food flavouring ingredient for candies, dairy products and soft drinks
2,7-Oxepanedione
2,7-Oxepanedione is a food starch esterification agent. Food starch esterification agent