Classification Term: 4122
Nitriles (ontology term: CHEMONTID:0000362)
Compounds having the structure RC#N; thus C-substituted derivatives of hydrocyanic acid, HC#N." [ISBN:0967855098]
found 30 associated metabolites at category metabolite taxonomy ontology rank level.
Ancestor: Organic cyanides
Child Taxonomies: Cyanohydrins, Acyl cyanides, Cyanogens, Alpha-aminonitriles, Alpha-hydroxynitriles
Beta-Aminopropionitrile
beta-Aminopropionitrile is a toxic amino-acid derivative. On an unusual case of the Cantrell-sequence in a premature infant with associated dysmelia, aplasia of the right kidney, cerebellar hypoplasia and circumscribed aplasia of the cutis, maternal history suggested an occupational exposure to aminopropionitriles prior to pregnancy. The characteristic features of the Cantrell-sequence--anterior thoraco-abdominal wall defect with ectopia cordis and diaphragm, sternum, pericardium, and heart defects--have been observed in animals following maternal administration of beta-aminopropionitrile. Some species of lathyrus (chickling pea, Lathyrus sativus- related), notably Lathyrus odoratus, are unable to induce human lathyrism but contain beta-aminopropionitrile, that induces pathological changes in bone ("osteolathyrism") and blood vessels ("angiolathyrism") of experimental animals without damaging the nervous system. The administration of beta-aminopropionitrile has been proposed for pharmacological control of unwanted scar tissue in human beings. beta-Aminopropionitrile is a reagent used as an intermediate in the manufacture of beta-alanine and pantothenic acid. (PMID:367235, 6422318, 9394169, Am J Perinatol. 1997 Oct;14(9):567-71.). Constituent of chickling pea (Lathyrus sativus) C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor KEIO_ID A044 β-Aminopropionitrile (BAPN) is a specific, irreversible and orally active lysyl oxidase (LOX) inhibitor. β-Aminopropionitrile targets the active site of LOX or LOXL isoenzymes[1][2].
Hydrogen cyanide
Hydrogen cyanide (with the historical common name of Prussic acid) is a chemical compound with chemical formula HCN. It is a colorless, extremely poisonous liquid that boils slightly above room temperature at 26 °C (79 °F). Hydrogen cyanide is a linear molecule, with a triple bond between carbon and nitrogen. A minor tautomer of HCN is HNC, hydrogen isocyanide. Hydrogen cyanide is weakly acidic with a pKa of 9.2. It partly ionizes in water solution to give the cyanide anion, CN. (Wikipedia) D009676 - Noxae > D011042 - Poisons > D002619 - Chemical Warfare Agents
Acetonitrile
Acetonitrile is the chemical compound with the formula CH3CN. This colourless liquid is the simplest organic nitrile . It is produced mainly as a byproduct of acrylonitrile manufacture. It is used as a polar aprotic solvent in organic synthesis and in the purification of butadiene.
9-(Methylthio)nonanenitrile
9-(Methylthio)nonanenitrile is found in green vegetables. 9-(Methylthio)nonanenitrile is isolated from watercress (Nasturtium officinale). Isolated from watercress (Nasturtium officinale). 9-(Methylthio)nonanenitrile is found in green vegetables.
3-Butenenitrile
3-Butenenitrile is found in brassicas. 3-Butenenitrile is a constituent of mustard oil Constituent of mustard oil. 3-Butenenitrile is found in brassicas.
8-(Methylthio)octanenitrile
8-(Methylthio)octanenitrile is found in green vegetables. 8-(Methylthio)octanenitrile is isolated from watercress (Nasturtium officinale). Isolated from watercress (Nasturtium officinale). 8-(Methylthio)octanenitrile is found in green vegetables.
7-(Methylthio)heptanenitrile
7-(Methylthio)heptanenitrile is found in brassicas. 7-(Methylthio)heptanenitrile is a constituent of Wasabia japonica (Japanese horseradish)
Cyanide
The cyanide ion consists of a carbon triple bonded to a nitrogen. It readily reacts with hydrogen to form hydrogen cyanide gas, which has a faint almond-like smell. Most people can smell hydrogen cyanide; however, due to an apparent genetic trait, some individuals cannot. Cyanide gas (HCN) can be generated via combustion, including the exhaust of internal combustion engines, tobacco smoke, and especially some plastics derived from acrylonitrile (because of the latter effect, house fires can result in poisonings of the inhabitants). Cyanides are also produced by certain bacteria, fungi, and algae and are found in a number of foods and plants. Small amounts of cyanide can be found in apple seeds, mangoes and bitter almonds. Hydrocyanic acid (a solution of hydrogen cyanide in water) is present in freshly distilled bitter almond oil (2-4\\%) prior to its removal by precipitation as calcium ferrocyanide to give food quality oil. Hydrogen cyanide and most cyanide salts readily dissolve in water (or other biofluids) and exists in solution as the cyanide ion. Cyanide ions bind to the iron atom of the enzyme cytochrome c oxidase (also known as aa3) in the fourth complex in the mitochondrial membrane in the mitochondria of cells. The binding of cyanide to this cytochrome prevents transport of electrons from cytochrome c oxidase to oxygen. As a result, the electron transport chain is disrupted, meaning that the cell can no longer aerobically produce ATP for energy. Tissues that mainly depend on aerobic respiration, such as the central nervous system and the heart, are particularly affected. Because of its respiratory chain toxicity cyanide has been used as a poison many times throughout history. Its most infamous application was the use of hydrogen cyanide by the Nazi regime in Germany for mass murder in some gas chambers during the Holocaust. Hydrogen cyanide (with the historical common name of Prussic acid) is a colorless and highly volatile liquid that boils slightly above room temperature at 26 °C (78.8 °F). Hydrogen cyanide is weakly acidic and partly ionizes in solution to give the cyanide anion, CN-. The salts of hydrogen cyanide are known as cyanides. HCN is a highly valuable precursor to many chemical compounds ranging from polymers to pharmaceuticals. Hydrogen cyanide is a linear molecule, with a triple bond between carbon and nitrogen. It is a weak acid with a pKa of 9.2. A minor tautomer of HCN is HNC, hydrogen isocyanide. A cyanide is a chemical compound that contains the cyano group, -CN, which consists of a carbon atom triple-bonded to a nitrogen atom. Cyanides most commonly refer to salts of the anion CN-. Most cyanides are highly toxic. Cyanides are produced by certain bacteria, fungi, and algae and are found in a number of plants. Cyanides are found, although in small amounts, in certain seeds and stones, e.g., those of apple, mango, peach, and bitter almonds. In plants, cyanides are usually bound to sugar molecules in the form of cyanogenic glycosides and defend the plant against herbivores. Cassava roots (also called manioc), an important potato-like food grown in tropical countries (and the base from which tapioca is made), also contain cyanogenic glycosides.
Pentanenitrile
Pentanenitrile is found in brassicas. Pentanenitrile is a constituent of various Brassica species. Constituent of various Brassica subspecies Pentanenitrile is found in brassicas.
3-Methylbutanonitrile
3-methylbutanonitrile, also known as iso(vl), is a member of the class of compounds known as nitriles. Nitriles are compounds having the structure RC#N; thus C-substituted derivatives of hydrocyanic acid, HC#N. 3-methylbutanonitrile can be found in kohlrabi, which makes 3-methylbutanonitrile a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.
4-(Methylthio)-butanonitrile
4-(methylthio)-butanonitrile is a member of the class of compounds known as nitriles. Nitriles are compounds having the structure RC#N; thus C-substituted derivatives of hydrocyanic acid, HC#N. 4-(methylthio)-butanonitrile can be found in kohlrabi, which makes 4-(methylthio)-butanonitrile a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.
5-(Methylthio)-pentanonitrile
5-(methylthio)-pentanonitrile is a member of the class of compounds known as nitriles. Nitriles are compounds having the structure RC#N; thus C-substituted derivatives of hydrocyanic acid, HC#N. 5-(methylthio)-pentanonitrile can be found in kohlrabi, which makes 5-(methylthio)-pentanonitrile a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.
Heptanenitrile
Heptanenitrile is a member of the class of compounds known as nitriles. Nitriles are compounds having the structure RC#N; thus C-substituted derivatives of hydrocyanic acid, HC#N. Heptanenitrile can be found in kohlrabi, which makes heptanenitrile a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.
Hexanenitrile
Hexanenitrile is a member of the class of compounds known as nitriles. Nitriles are compounds having the structure RC#N; thus C-substituted derivatives of hydrocyanic acid, HC#N. Hexanenitrile can be found in kohlrabi, which makes hexanenitrile a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.