Classification Term: 2361
Arylsulfates (ontology term: CHEMONTID:0004258)
Organic compounds containing a sulfate group that carries an aryl group through an ether group." []
found 15 associated metabolites at sub_class metabolite taxonomy ontology rank level.
Ancestor: Organic sulfuric acids and derivatives
Child Taxonomies: Phenylsulfates
3-Indoxyl sulfate
Indoxyl sulfate is a dietary protein metabolite and also a metabolite of the common amino acid tryptophan. It has been identified as a uremic toxin according to the European Uremic Toxin Working Group (PMID: 22626821). It is a circulating uremic toxin stimulating glomerular sclerosis and interstitial fibrosis. Indoxyl sulfate is one of the well-known substances of a group of protein-bound uremic retention solutes. Indoxyl sulfate increases the rate of progression of renal failure. In plasma, indoxyl sulfate is a protein-bound uremic solute that induces endothelial dysfunction by inhibiting endothelial proliferation and migration in vitro. Some studies suggest that indoxyl sulfate is also involved in oxidative stress. In hemodialyzed patients, serum levels of indoxyl sulfate are associated with levels of pentosidine, a marker of carbonyl and oxidative stress. In vitro, indoxyl sulfate increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in tubular cells and increases NAD(P)H oxidase activity in endothelial cells. Indoxyl sulfate impairs osteoblast function and induces abnormalities of bone turnover. Indoxyl sulfate strongly decreases the levels of glutathione, one of the most active antioxidant systems of the cell (PMID: 10681668 , 14681860 , 17471003 , 17403109). Indoxyl sulfate is a microbial metabolite found in Escherichia (PMID: 19946322). Indoxyl sulfate is a dietary protein metabolite, and also the metabolite of the common amino acid tryptophan. Indoxyl sulfate is a circulating uremic toxin stimulating glomerular sclerosis and interstitial fibrosis. Indoxyl sulfate is one of the well known substances of a group of protein-bound uremic retention solutes. Indoxyl sulfate increases the rate of progression of renal failure. In plasma, indoxyl sulfate is a protein-bound uremic solute that induces endothelial dysfunction by inhibiting endothelial proliferation and migration in vitro. Some studies suggest that indoxyl sulfate is also involved in oxidative stress. In hemodialyzed patients, serum levels of indoxyl sulfate are associated with levels of pentosidine, a marker of carbonyl and oxidative stress; in vitro, indoxyl sulfate increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in tubular cells, and increases NAD(P)H oxidase activity in endothelial cells. Indoxyl sulfate impairs osteoblst function and induces abnormalities of bone turnover. Indoxyl sulfate strongly decreases the levels of glutathione, one of the most active antioxidant systems of the cell. (PMID: 10681668, 14681860, 17471003, 17403109) [HMDB]
5-(3',5'-Dihydroxyphenyl)-gamma-valerolactone-O-sulphate-O-methyl
5-(3,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)-gamma-valerolactone-O-sulphate-O-methyl belongs to the family of Phenols and Derivatives. These are compounds containing a phenol moiety, which is a benzene bearing an hydroxyl group.
N-Desmethyl-o-O-sulfate rosiglitazone
N-Desmethyl-o-O-sulfate rosiglitazone is a metabolite of rosiglitazone. Rosiglitazone is an antidiabetic drug in the thiazolidinedione class of drugs. It works as an insulin sensitizer, by binding to the PPAR receptors in fat cells and making the cells more responsive to insulin. It is marketed by the pharmaceutical company GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) as a stand-alone drug (Avandia) and in combination with metformin (Avandamet) or with glimepiride (Avandaryl). Annual sales peaked at approximately $2.5bn in 2006, but declined after reports of adverse effects. (Wikipedia)
N-Desmethyl-p-O-sulfate rosiglitazone
N-Desmethyl-p-O-sulfate rosiglitazone is a metabolite of rosiglitazone. Rosiglitazone is an antidiabetic drug in the thiazolidinedione class of drugs. It works as an insulin sensitizer, by binding to the PPAR receptors in fat cells and making the cells more responsive to insulin. It is marketed by the pharmaceutical company GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) as a stand-alone drug (Avandia) and in combination with metformin (Avandamet) or with glimepiride (Avandaryl). Annual sales peaked at approximately $2.5bn in 2006, but declined after reports of adverse effects. (Wikipedia)
o-O-sulfate rosiglitazone
o-O-sulfate rosiglitazone is a metabolite of rosiglitazone. Rosiglitazone is an antidiabetic drug in the thiazolidinedione class of drugs. It works as an insulin sensitizer, by binding to the PPAR receptors in fat cells and making the cells more responsive to insulin. It is marketed by the pharmaceutical company GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) as a stand-alone drug (Avandia) and in combination with metformin (Avandamet) or with glimepiride (Avandaryl). Annual sales peaked at approximately $2.5bn in 2006, but declined after reports of adverse effects. (Wikipedia)
3-Hydroxy-4-aminopyridine sulfate
3-Hydroxy-4-aminopyridine sulfate is a metabolite of dalfampridine. 4-Aminopyridine (fampridine, dalfampridine) is an organic compound with the chemical formula C5H4N–NH2. The molecule is one of the three isomeric amines of pyridine. It is used primarily as a research tool, in characterizing subtypes of potassium channel, and has also been used to manage some of the symptoms of multiple sclerosis, and is indicated for symptomatic improvement of walking in adults with several variations of the disease. (Wikipedia)
6-Hydroxyindole sulfate
6-Hydroxyindole sulfate belongs to the class of organic compounds known as arylsulfates. These are organic compounds containing a sulfate group that carries an aryl group through an ether group. 6-Hydroxyindole sulfate has been identified in blood (PMID: 31250215).
3-Hydroxypyridine sulfate
3-Hydroxypyridine sulfate belongs to the class of organic compounds known as arylsulfates. These are organic compounds containing a sulfate group that carries an aryl group through an ether group. 3-Hydroxypyridine sulfate is a potential urinary biomarker of whole grain intake (PMID: 27805021).
7-Hydroxyindole sulfate
7-Hydroxyindole sulfate belongs to the class of organic compounds known as arylsulfates. These are organic compounds containing a sulfate group that carries an aryl group through an ether group. 7-Hydroxyindole sulfate is a uremic toxin (PMID: 30087103).
