Classification Term: 2057
Macrolide lactams (ontology term: CHEMONTID:0001900)
Cyclic polyketides containing both a cyclic amide and a cyclic ester group." []
found 19 associated metabolites at class metabolite taxonomy ontology rank level.
Ancestor: Phenylpropanoids and polyketides
Child Taxonomies: There is no child term of current ontology term.
Tacrolimus
Tacrolimus (also FK-506 or Fujimycin) is an immunosuppressive drug whose main use is after organ transplant to reduce the activity of the patients immune system and so the risk of organ rejection. It is also used in a topical preparation in the treatment of severe atopic dermatitis, severe refractory uveitis after bone marrow transplants, and the skin condition vitiligo. It was discovered in 1984 from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacteria Streptomyces tsukubaensis. Tacrolimus is chemically known as a macrolide. It reduces peptidyl-prolyl isomerase activity by binding to the immunophilin FKBP-12 (FK506 binding protein) creating a new complex. This FKBP12-FK506 complex interacts with and inhibits calcineurin thus inhibiting both T-lymphocyte signal transduction and IL-2 transcription. It is used in foods as emulsifier, stabiliser, thickener, gelling agent, formulation aid and firming agent; ice-cream stabiliser, used to improve the yield of curds in soft cheese, to increase the yield of doughs and baked products, as a binder and lubricant in sausages, and as thickener or viscosity control agent in beverages, salad dressings and relishes D007155 - Immunologic Factors > D007166 - Immunosuppressive Agents > D016559 - Tacrolimus D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D065095 - Calcineurin Inhibitors Tacrolimus (anhydrous) is a macrolide lactam containing a 23-membered lactone ring, originally isolated from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacteria Streptomyces tsukubaensis. It has a role as an immunosuppressive agent and a bacterial metabolite. Tacrolimus (also FK-506 or Fujimycin) is an immunosuppressive drug whose main use is after organ transplant to reduce the activity of the patients immune system and so the risk of organ rejection. It is also used in a topical preparation in the treatment of severe atopic dermatitis, severe refractory uveitis after bone marrow transplants, and the skin condition vitiligo. It was discovered in 1984 from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacteria Streptomyces tsukubaensis. Tacrolimus is chemically known as a macrolide. It reduces peptidyl-prolyl isomerase activity by binding to the immunophilin FKBP-12 (FK506 binding protein) creating a new complex. This FKBP12-FK506 complex inhibits calcineurin which inhibits T-lymphocyte signal transduction and IL-2 transcription. Tacrolimus anhydrous is a Calcineurin Inhibitor Immunosuppressant. The mechanism of action of tacrolimus anhydrous is as a Calcineurin Inhibitor. Tacrolimus is a calcineurin inhibitor and potent immunosuppressive agent used largely as a means of prophylaxis against cellular rejection after transplantation. Tacrolimus therapy can be associated with mild serum enzyme elevations, and it has been linked to rare instances of clinically apparent cholestatic liver injury. Tacrolimus is a natural product found in Streptomyces clavuligerus, Streptomyces hygroscopicus, and other organisms with data available. Tacrolimus is a macrolide isolated from Streptomyces tsukubaensis. Tacrolimus binds to the FKBP-12 protein and forms a complex with calcium-dependent proteins, thereby inhibiting calcineurin phosphatase activity and resulting in decreased cytokine production. This agent exhibits potent immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation. Tacrolimus possesses similar immunosuppressive properties to cyclosporine, but is more potent. Tacrolimus Anhydrous is anhydrous from of tacrolimus, a macrolide isolated from Streptomyces tsukubaensis. Tacrolimus binds to the FKBP-12 protein and forms a complex with calcium-dependent proteins, thereby inhibiting calcineurin phosphatase activity and resulting in decreased cytokine production. This agent exhibits potent immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation. Tacrolimus possesses similar immunosuppressive properties to cyclosporine, but is more potent. A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro. D - Dermatologicals > D11 - Other dermatological preparations > D11A - Other dermatological preparations > D11AH - Agents for dermatitis, excluding corticosteroids L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L04 - Immunosuppressants > L04A - Immunosuppressants > L04AD - Calcineurin inhibitors C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C574 - Immunosuppressant > C146638 - Calcineurin Inhibitor COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
Dalfopristin
C34H50N4O9S (690.3298330000001)
Dalfopristin is a combination of two antibiotics (Dalfopristin and quinupristin) used to treat infections by staphylococci and by vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium. It is not effective against Enterococcus faecalis infections. Dalfopristin inhibits the early phase of protein synthesis in the bacterial ribosome and quinupristin inhibits the late phase of protein synthesis. D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000900 - Anti-Bacterial Agents > D025361 - Streptogramins
Temsirolimus
Temsirolimus is an intravenous drug for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), developed by Wyeth Pharmaceuticals and approved by the FDA in late May 2007, and was also approved by the European Medicines Agency (EMEA) on November 2007. It is a derivative of sirolimus and is sold as Torisel. L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents > L01 - Antineoplastic agents > L01E - Protein kinase inhibitors > L01EG - Mammalian target of rapamycin (mtor) kinase inhibitors C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C1404 - Protein Kinase Inhibitor > C61074 - Serine/Threonine Kinase Inhibitor C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C163758 - Targeted Therapy Agent > C2201 - mTOR Inhibitor D007155 - Immunologic Factors > D007166 - Immunosuppressive Agents D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D047428 - Protein Kinase Inhibitors D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents > D000091203 - MTOR Inhibitors Same as: D06068 Temsirolimus is an inhibitor of mTOR with an IC50 of 1.76 μM. Temsirolimus activates autophagy and prevents deterioration of cardiac function in animal model[8]. Temsirolimus is an inhibitor of mTOR with an IC50 of 1.76 μM. Temsirolimus activates autophagy and prevents deterioration of cardiac function in animal model[8].
Everolimus
Everolimus is a derivative of Rapamycin (sirolimus), and works similarly to Rapamycin as an mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) inhibitor. It is currently used as an immunosuppressant to prevent rejection of organ transplants. In a similar fashion to other mTOR inhibitors Everolimus effect is solely on the mTORC1 protein and not on the mTORC2 protein. Everolimus (RAD001) is a Rapamycin (HY-10219) derivative and a potent, selective and orally active mTOR1 inhibitor. Everolimus binds to FKBP-12 to generate an immunosuppressive complex. Everolimus inhibits tumor cells proliferation and induces cell apoptosis and autophagy. Everolimus has potent immunosuppressive and anticancer activities[1][2]. Everolimus (RAD001) is a Rapamycin (HY-10219) derivative and a potent, selective and orally active mTOR1 inhibitor. Everolimus binds to FKBP-12 to generate an immunosuppressive complex. Everolimus inhibits tumor cells proliferation and induces cell apoptosis and autophagy. Everolimus has potent immunosuppressive and anticancer activities[1][2].
Pimecrolimus
Pimecrolimus is an immunomodulating agent used in the treatment of atopic dermatitis (eczema). It is currently available as a topical cream, once marketed by Novartis, (however Galderma will be promoting the molecule in Canada in early 2007) under the trade name Elidel. [Wikipedia] D - Dermatologicals > D11 - Other dermatological preparations > D11A - Other dermatological preparations > D11AH - Agents for dermatitis, excluding corticosteroids D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D007155 - Immunologic Factors > D007166 - Immunosuppressive Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors > D065095 - Calcineurin Inhibitors D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents D003879 - Dermatologic Agents
31-O-Demethyltacrolimus
31-O-Demethyltacrolimus is a metabolite of tacrolimus. Tacrolimus (also FK-506 or fujimycin, trade names Prograf, Advagraf, Protopic) is an immunosuppressive drug that is mainly used after allogeneic organ transplant to reduce the activity of the patients immune system and so lower the risk of organ rejection. It is also used in a topical preparation in the treatment of atopic dermatitis, severe refractory uveitis after bone marrow transplants, exacerbations of minimal change disease, and the skin condition vitiligo. (Wikipedia)
41-O-demethylrapamycin
41-O-demethylrapamycin is a metabolite of sirolimus. Sirolimus, also known as rapamycin, is an immunosuppressant drug used to prevent rejection in organ transplantation; it is especially useful in kidney transplants. It prevents activation of T cells and B-cells by inhibiting their response to interleukin-2 (IL-2). A macrolide, sirolimus was first discovered as a product of the bacterium Streptomyces hygroscopicus in a soil sample from Easter Island — an island also known as Rapa Nui, hence the name. (Wikipedia)
(1R,16Z,24Z,29Z)-1,18-dihydroxy-12-[1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxycyclohexyl)propan-2-yl]-19,31-dimethoxy-15,17,21,23,30,36-hexamethyl-11,27,37-trioxa-4-azatetracyclo[31.3.1.0⁴,⁹.0²⁶,²⁸]heptatriaconta-16,24,29-triene-2,3,10,14,20-pentone
(1r,16z,24z,29z)-1,18-dihydroxy-12-[1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxycyclohexyl)propan-2-yl]-19,31-dimethoxy-15,17,21,23,30,36-hexamethyl-11,27,37-trioxa-4-azatetracyclo[31.3.1.0⁴,⁹.0²⁶,²⁸]heptatriaconta-16,24,29-triene-2,3,10,14,20-pentone is classified as a member of the macrolide lactams. Macrolide lactams are cyclic polyketides containing both a cyclic amide and a cyclic ester group (1r,16z,24z,29z)-1,18-dihydroxy-12-[1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxycyclohexyl)propan-2-yl]-19,31-dimethoxy-15,17,21,23,30,36-hexamethyl-11,27,37-trioxa-4-azatetracyclo[31.3.1.0⁴,⁹.0²⁶,²⁸]heptatriaconta-16,24,29-triene-2,3,10,14,20-pentone is considered to be a practically insoluble (in water) and a very weak acidic compound (1r,16z,24z,29z)-1,18-dihydroxy-12-[1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxycyclohexyl)propan-2-yl]-19,31-dimethoxy-15,17,21,23,30,36-hexamethyl-11,27,37-trioxa-4-azatetracyclo[31.3.1.0⁴,⁹.0²⁶,²⁸]heptatriaconta-16,24,29-triene-2,3,10,14,20-pentone can be found in humans.
(4-{2-[(1R,16Z,24Z,29Z)-1,18-dihydroxy-19,31-dimethoxy-15,17,21,23,30,36-hexamethyl-2,3,10,14,20-pentaoxo-11,27,37-trioxa-4-azatetracyclo[31.3.1.0⁴,⁹.0²⁶,²⁸]heptatriaconta-16,24,29-trien-12-yl]propyl}-2-methoxycyclohexyl)oxidanesulfonic acid
C51H79NO17S (1009.5068444000001)
(4-{2-[(1r,16z,24z,29z)-1,18-dihydroxy-19,31-dimethoxy-15,17,21,23,30,36-hexamethyl-2,3,10,14,20-pentaoxo-11,27,37-trioxa-4-azatetracyclo[31.3.1.0⁴,⁹.0²⁶,²⁸]heptatriaconta-16,24,29-trien-12-yl]propyl}-2-methoxycyclohexyl)oxidanesulfonic acid is classified as a member of the macrolide lactams. Macrolide lactams are cyclic polyketides containing both a cyclic amide and a cyclic ester group (4-{2-[(1r,16z,24z,29z)-1,18-dihydroxy-19,31-dimethoxy-15,17,21,23,30,36-hexamethyl-2,3,10,14,20-pentaoxo-11,27,37-trioxa-4-azatetracyclo[31.3.1.0⁴,⁹.0²⁶,²⁸]heptatriaconta-16,24,29-trien-12-yl]propyl}-2-methoxycyclohexyl)oxidanesulfonic acid is considered to be a practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely strong acidic compound (4-{2-[(1r,16z,24z,29z)-1,18-dihydroxy-19,31-dimethoxy-15,17,21,23,30,36-hexamethyl-2,3,10,14,20-pentaoxo-11,27,37-trioxa-4-azatetracyclo[31.3.1.0⁴,⁹.0²⁶,²⁸]heptatriaconta-16,24,29-trien-12-yl]propyl}-2-methoxycyclohexyl)oxidanesulfonic acid can be found in humans.
[(1R,16Z,24Z,29Z)-1-hydroxy-12-[1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxycyclohexyl)propan-2-yl]-19,31-dimethoxy-15,17,21,23,30,36-hexamethyl-2,3,10,14,20-pentaoxo-11,27,37-trioxa-4-azatetracyclo[31.3.1.0⁴,⁹.0²⁶,²⁸]heptatriaconta-16,24,29-trien-18-yl]oxidanesulfonic acid
C51H79NO17S (1009.5068444000001)
[(1r,16z,24z,29z)-1-hydroxy-12-[1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxycyclohexyl)propan-2-yl]-19,31-dimethoxy-15,17,21,23,30,36-hexamethyl-2,3,10,14,20-pentaoxo-11,27,37-trioxa-4-azatetracyclo[31.3.1.0⁴,⁹.0²⁶,²⁸]heptatriaconta-16,24,29-trien-18-yl]oxidanesulfonic acid is classified as a member of the macrolide lactams. Macrolide lactams are cyclic polyketides containing both a cyclic amide and a cyclic ester group. [(1r,16z,24z,29z)-1-hydroxy-12-[1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxycyclohexyl)propan-2-yl]-19,31-dimethoxy-15,17,21,23,30,36-hexamethyl-2,3,10,14,20-pentaoxo-11,27,37-trioxa-4-azatetracyclo[31.3.1.0⁴,⁹.0²⁶,²⁸]heptatriaconta-16,24,29-trien-18-yl]oxidanesulfonic acid is considered to be a practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely strong acidic compound. [(1r,16z,24z,29z)-1-hydroxy-12-[1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxycyclohexyl)propan-2-yl]-19,31-dimethoxy-15,17,21,23,30,36-hexamethyl-2,3,10,14,20-pentaoxo-11,27,37-trioxa-4-azatetracyclo[31.3.1.0⁴,⁹.0²⁶,²⁸]heptatriaconta-16,24,29-trien-18-yl]oxidanesulfonic acid can be found in humans.
(1R,9S,14S,18E,21S,23S,24R)-1,14-Dihydroxy-12-[(E)-1-[(3R)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxycyclohexyl]prop-1-en-2-yl]-23,25-dimethoxy-13,19,21,27-tetramethyl-17-prop-2-enyl-11,28-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[22.3.1.04,9]octacos-18-ene-2,3,10,16-tetrone
Deforolimus
ascomycin
Biolimus
Biolimus A9
C55H87NO14 (985.6126241999999)