Classification Term: 170711
Cannabinoids (ontology term: 20ac994830fe65eb1a02bf2fffe0a9d9)
found 130 associated metabolites at sub_class metabolite taxonomy ontology rank level.
Ancestor: Meroterpenoids
Child Taxonomies: There is no child term of current ontology term.
Cannabidiol
An cannabinoid that is cyclohexene which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1, a 2,6-dihydroxy-4-pentylphenyl group at position 3, and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4. COVID info from clinicaltrial, clinicaltrials, clinical trial, clinical trials D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000927 - Anticonvulsants C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C2189 - Signal Transduction Inhibitor N - Nervous system > N03 - Antiepileptics > N03A - Antiepileptics C274 - Antineoplastic Agent > C1742 - Angiogenesis Inhibitor Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
Cannabinol
C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C574 - Immunosuppressant
cannabigerol
A member of the class of resorcinols that is resorcinol which is substituted by a (2E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl group at position 2 and by a pentyl group at position 5. It is a natural product found in Cannabis sativa and Helichrysum species.
Tetrahydrocannabinol
Tetrahydrocannabinol, abbreviated THC, is a cannabinoid identified in cannabis and is its principal psychoactive constituent. First isolated in 1964, in its pure form, it is a glassy solid when cold, and becomes viscous and sticky if warmed. Synthetically prepared THC, officially referred to by its INN, dronabinol, is available by prescription in the U.S. and Canada under the brand name Marinol. The mechanism of action of THC is not completely understood. It is thought that cannabinoid receptors in neural tissues may mediate the effects of cannabinoids. Animal studies suggest that Marinols antiemetic effects may be due to inhibition of the vomiting control mechanism in the medulla oblongata. A literature review on the subject concluded that "Cannabis use appears to be neither a sufficient nor a necessary cause for psychosis. It is a component cause, part of a complex constellation of factors leading to psychosis." Likewise, a French review from 2009 came to a conclusion that cannabis use, particularly that before age 15, was a factor in the development of schizophrenic disorders. An aromatic terpenoid, THC has a very low solubility in water, but good solubility in most organic solvents, specifically lipids and alcohols. The presence of these specialized cannabinoid receptors in the brain led researchers to the discovery of endocannabinoids, such as anandamide and 2-arachidonoyl glyceride (2-AG). THC targets receptors in a manner far less selective than endocannabinoid molecules released during retrograde signalling, as the drug has a relatively low cannabinoid receptor efficacy and affinity. In populations of low cannabinoid receptor density, THC may act to antagonize endogenous agonists that possess greater receptor efficacy. THC is a lipophilic molecule and may bind non-specifically to a variety of receptors in the brain and body, such as adipose tissue. Dronabinol is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is extracted from the resin of Cannabis sativa (marijuana, hashish). The isomer delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol is considered the most active form, producing the characteristic mood and perceptual changes associated with this compound. In the United States, Marinol has been rescheduled from Schedule II to Schedule III of the Controlled Substances Act in 1999, reflecting a finding that THC had a potential for abuse less than that of cocaine and heroin. As a Schedule III drug, it is available by prescription and is considered to be non-narcotic and to have a low risk of physical or mental dependence. Marinol has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the treatment of anorexia in AIDS patients, as well as for refractory nausea and vomiting of patients undergoing chemotherapy, which has raised much controversy as to why natural THC is still a Schedule I drug. Efforts to get cannabis rescheduled as analogous to Marinol have not succeeded thus far. In April 2005, Canadian authorities approved the marketing of Sativex, a mouth spray for multiple sclerosis patients, who can use it to alleviate neuropathic pain and spasticity. Sativex contains tetrahydrocannabinol together with cannabidiol and is a preparation of whole cannabis rather than individual cannabinoids. It is marketed in Canada by GW Pharmaceuticals, being the first cannabis-based prescription drug in the world (in modern times). In addition, Sativex received European regulatory approval in 2010. An analog of dronabinol, nabilone, is available commercially in Canada under the trade name Cesamet, manufactured by Valeant Pharmaceuticals. Cesamet has also received FDA approval and began marketing in the U.S. in 2006. It is a Schedule II drug. Δ9tetrahydrocannabinol, also known as delta(9)-thc or marinol, is a member of the class of compounds known as 2,2-dimethyl-1-benzopyrans. 2,2-dimethyl-1-benzopyrans are organic compounds containing a 1-benzopyran moiety that carries two methyl groups at the 2-position. Δ9tetrahydrocannabinol is practically insoluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Δ9tetrahydrocannabinol can be found in a number of food items such as wakame, cloves, burbot, and black cabbage, which makes Δ9tetrahydrocannabinol a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Δ9tetrahydrocannabinol can be found primarily in blood and urine. Δ9tetrahydrocannabinol is a non-carcinogenic (not listed by IARC) potentially toxic compound. Δ9tetrahydrocannabinol is a drug which is used for the treatment of anorexia associated with weight loss in patients with aids, and nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy in patients who have failed to respond adequately to conventional antiemetic treatment. The mechanism of action of marinol is not completely understood. It is thought that cannabinoid receptors in neural tissues may mediate the effects of dronabinol and other cannabinoids. Animal studies with other cannabinoids suggest that marinols antiemetic effects may be due to inhibition of the vomiting control mechanism in the medulla oblongata (DrugBank). A potentially serious oral ingestion, if recent, should be managed with gut decontamination. In unconscious patients with a secure airway, instill activated charcoal (30 to 100 g in adults, 1 to 2 g/kg in infants) via a nasogastric tube. A saline cathartic or sorbitol may be added to the first dose of activated charcoal. Patients experiencing depressive, hallucinatory or psychotic reactions should be placed in a quiet area and offered reassurance. Benzodiazepines (5 to 10 mg diazepam po) may be used for treatment of extreme agitation. Hypotension usually responds to Trendelenburg position and IV fluids. Pressors are rarely required (L1712) (T3DB). D006730 - Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists > D006728 - Hormones > D063385 - Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D063385 - Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators > D063386 - Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A04 - Antiemetics and antinauseants > A04A - Antiemetics and antinauseants D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D011619 - Psychotropic Drugs > D006213 - Hallucinogens D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents C78272 - Agent Affecting Nervous System > C267 - Antiemetic Agent D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics
9-Carboxy-thc
Ajulemic acid
Cannabidiolic acid
cannabigerolate
Cannabigerolic acid, CBGA, is a phytocannabinoid that belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives. CBGA is a dihydroxybenzoic acid derived from olivetolic acid on which the hydrogen at position 3 is substituted by a geranyl group. CBGA is a molecule of mixed biosynthetic origin, in which its aromatic moiety (derived from olivetolic acid) occurs through the polyketide biosynthetic pathway while the prenylated sidechain derives from the MEP pathway of the terpenoids (DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-800756-3.00002-8). As such, CBGA can be considered a polyketide, a monoterpenoid and a resorcinol, due to the meta arrangement of its two hydroxyl groups on the benzene ring. CBGA is a key biosynthetic precursor of Delta (9)-tetrahydrocannabinol, the main psychoactive component of Cannabis sativa. As mentioned above, olivetolic acid and geranyl diphosphate are synthesized into CBGA. The CBGA is converted in the plant by CBCA synthase, cannabidiolic acid synthase (CBDA synthase) and tetrahydrocannabinolic acid synthase (THCA synthase) into CBCA, CBDA and tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA).The THCA can be decarboxylated into THC by drying and heating plant material. Therefore, CBGA is an important cannabinoid found in cannabis. Because of its biosynthetic relationship to other psychoactive compounds, many efforts have been addressed to find alternative ways of producing it, particularly in yeast (PMID: 28694184) Additionally, cannabigerolic acid has shown antibiotic properties (PMID: 6991645). Cannabigerolate, also known as cannabigerolic acid, belongs to hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives class of compounds. Those are compounds containing a hydroxybenzoic acid (or a derivative), which is a benzene ring bearing a carboxyl and a hydroxyl groups. Cannabigerolate is practically insoluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). Cannabigerolate can be found in a number of food items such as malabar plum, wheat, dill, and green bell pepper, which makes cannabigerolate a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.
Cannabigerolic acid
A dihydroxybenzoic acid that is olivetolic acid in which the hydrogen at position 3 is substituted by a geranyl group. A biosynthetic precursor to Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol, the principal psychoactive constituent of the cannabis plant.
Cannabichromenic acid
A chromenol that is 2H-chromene substituted by methyl, 2-methylpent-2-en-5-yl, hydroxy, carboxy and pentyl groups at positions 2,2,5,6 and 7, respectively.
Flavoglaucin
D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents > D000894 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal > D012459 - Salicylates A natural product found in Eurotium repens.
cannabinol
C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C574 - Immunosuppressant
Cannabinerolic acid
A dihydroxybenzoic acid that is olivetolic acid in which the hydrogen at position 3 is substituted by a neryl group. A biosynthetic precursor to Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol, the principal psychoactive constituent of the cannabis plant.
