Classification Term: 1602
Artemisinins (ontology term: CHEMONTID:0002440)
Sesquiterpenoids originally isolated from the herb Artemisia annua. Their structure is based on artemisinin, a tetracyclic compound that contains a 1,2-dioxepane fused to an octahydrobenzopyran moiety. The internal peroxide bridge is believed to be a key to the mode of action of artemisinins." [PMID:21155666]
found 8 associated metabolites at category metabolite taxonomy ontology rank level.
Ancestor: Sesquiterpenoids
Child Taxonomies: There is no child term of current ontology term.
Artesunate
Artesunate is an artemisinin derivative that is the hemisuccinate ester of the lactol resulting from the reduction of the lactone carbonyl group of artemisinin. It is used, generally as the sodium salt, for the treatment of malaria. It has a role as an antimalarial, a ferroptosis inducer and an antineoplastic agent. It is an artemisinin derivative, a sesquiterpenoid, a dicarboxylic acid monoester, a cyclic acetal, a semisynthetic derivative and a hemisuccinate. Artesunate is indicated for the initial treatment of severe malaria. The World Health Organization recommends artesunate as first line treatment for severe malaria. Artesunate was developed out of a need for a more hydrophilic derivative of [artemisinin]. Artesunate was granted FDA approval on 26 May 2020. Artesunic acid is a natural product found in Artemisia apiacea, Acronychia pubescens, and Artemisia carvifolia with data available. Artesunate is a water-soluble, semi-synthetic derivative of the sesquiterpine lactone artemisinin with anti-malarial, anti-schistosomiasis, antiviral, and potential anti-neoplastic activities. Upon hydrolysis of artesunates active endoperoxide bridge moiety by liberated heme in parasite-infected red blood cells, reactive oxygen species and carbon-centered radicals form, which have been shown to damage and kill parasitic organisms. Additionally, in vitro studies demonstrate that this agent induces DNA breakage in a dose-dependent manner. Artesunate has also been shown to stimulate cell differentiation, arrest the cell cycle in the G1 and G2/M phases, inhibit cell proliferation, and induce apoptosis through mitochondrial and caspase signaling pathways. Artemisinin is isolated from the plant Artemisia annua. artesunate is a mineral. A water-soluble, semi-synthetic derivative of the sesquiterpene lactone artemisinin with anti-malarial, anti-schistosomiasis, antiviral, and potential anti-neoplastic activities Artesunate is part of the artemisinin group of drugs that treat malaria. It is a semi-synthetic derivative of artemisinin that is water-soluble and may, therefore, be given by injection. It is on the World Health Organizations List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system (DrugBank). P - Antiparasitic products, insecticides and repellents > P01 - Antiprotozoals > P01B - Antimalarials > P01BE - Artemisinin and derivatives, plain D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000981 - Antiprotozoal Agents D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000871 - Anthelmintics C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C276 - Antiparasitic Agent > C277 - Antiprotozoal Agent D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000998 - Antiviral Agents D009676 - Noxae > D016877 - Oxidants > D010545 - Peroxides D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents Artesunate is an inhibitor of both STAT-3 and exported protein 1 (EXP1). Artesunate is an inhibitor of both STAT-3 and exported protein 1 (EXP1).
Alpha-dihydroartemisinin
Artenimol is an active metabolite of artesunate, with anti-malarial activity, and potential insulin sensitivity-improving, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. Upon administration of artenimol and the hydrolysis of its active endoperoxide bridge moiety by liberated heme in parasite-infected red blood cells (RBCs), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and carbon-centered radicals form, which damage and kill parasitic organisms. Artenimol may also increase insulin sensitivity and improve insulin resistance. In addition, artenimol induces the 26S proteasome-mediated degradation of the androgen receptor (AR), thereby lowering AR expression, which may prevent androgen-responsive cellular proliferation. It also reduces luteinizing hormone LH) and testosterone levels, and may improve polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In addition, artenimol may modulate the immune system and may inhibit tumor cell proliferation through various apoptotic and non-apoptotic pathways. Alpha-dihydroartemisinin is a metabolite of artemisinin. Artemisinin, also known as Qinghaosu, and its derivatives are a group of drugs that possess the most rapid action of all current drugs against Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Treatments containing an artemisinin derivative (artemisinin-combination therapies, ACTs) are now standard treatment worldwide for P. falciparum malaria. The starting compound artemisinin is isolated from the plant Artemisia annua, sweet wormwood, an herb employed in Chinese traditional medicine. (Wikipedia) P - Antiparasitic products, insecticides and repellents > P01 - Antiprotozoals > P01B - Antimalarials > P01BE - Artemisinin and derivatives, plain D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000981 - Antiprotozoal Agents C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C276 - Antiparasitic Agent > C277 - Antiprotozoal Agent D009676 - Noxae > D016877 - Oxidants > D010545 - Peroxides Dihydroartemisinin is a potent anti-malaria agent. Dihydroartemisinin is a potent anti-malaria agent.
Artemether
Artemether is an artemisinin derivative that is artemisinin in which the lactone has been converted to the corresponding lactol methyl ether. It is used in combination with lumefantrine as an antimalarial for the treatment of multi-drug resistant strains of falciparum malaria. It has a role as an antimalarial. It is a sesquiterpenoid, a cyclic acetal, an organic peroxide, an artemisinin derivative and a semisynthetic derivative. Artemether is an antimalarial agent used to treat acute uncomplicated malaria. It is administered in combination with lumefantrine for improved efficacy. This combination therapy exerts its effects against the erythrocytic stages of Plasmodium spp. and may be used to treat infections caused by P. falciparum and unidentified Plasmodium species, including infections acquired in chloroquine-resistant areas. An artemisinin derivative that is used in the treatment of MALARIA. Artemether is an antimalarial agent used to treat acute uncomplicated malaria. It is administered in combination with lumefantrine for improved efficacy. This combination therapy exerts its effects against the erythrocytic stages of Plasmodium spp. and may be used to treat infections caused by P. falciparum and unidentified Plasmodium species, including infections acquired in chloroquine-resistant areas. P - Antiparasitic products, insecticides and repellents > P01 - Antiprotozoals > P01B - Antimalarials > P01BE - Artemisinin and derivatives, plain D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000981 - Antiprotozoal Agents C254 - Anti-Infective Agent > C276 - Antiparasitic Agent > C277 - Antiprotozoal Agent D009676 - Noxae > D016877 - Oxidants > D010545 - Peroxides Artemether is an anti-malarial compound that targets drug-resistant strains of falciparum malaria. Artemether is an anti-malarial compound that targets drug-resistant strains of falciparum malaria.
Dihydroartemisinin
alpha-Artemether
D000890 - Anti-Infective Agents > D000977 - Antiparasitic Agents > D000981 - Antiprotozoal Agents D009676 - Noxae > D016877 - Oxidants > D010545 - Peroxides Artemether is an anti-malarial compound that targets drug-resistant strains of falciparum malaria. Artemether is an anti-malarial compound that targets drug-resistant strains of falciparum malaria.
Artelinate
artemisone
C19H31NO6S (401.18719860000004)