(+/-)-Catechin (BioDeep_00000398561)

PANOMIX_OTCML-2023 Antitumor activity

代谢物信息卡片

2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)chroman-3,5,7-triol

化学式: C15H14O6 (290.079)
中文名称:
谱图信息: 最多检出来源 () 0%

分子结构信息

SMILES: C1C(C(OC2=CC(=CC(=C21)O)O)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)O
InChI: InChI=1S/C15H14O6/c16-8-4-11(18)9-6-13(20)15(21-14(9)5-8)7-1-2-10(17)12(19)3-7/h1-5,13,15-20H,6H2

描述信息

relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.345
relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.348
(±)-Catechin (rel-Cianidanol) is the racemate of Catechin. (±)-Catechin has two steric forms of (+)-Catechin and its enantiomer (-)-Catechin. (+)-Catechin inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) with an IC50 of 1.4 μM. Anticancer, anti-obesity, antidiabetic, anticardiovascular, anti-infectious, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective effects[1].
(±)-Catechin (rel-Cianidanol) is the racemate of Catechin. (±)-Catechin has two steric forms of (+)-Catechin and its enantiomer (-)-Catechin. (+)-Catechin inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) with an IC50 of 1.4 μM. Anticancer, anti-obesity, antidiabetic, anticardiovascular, anti-infectious, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective effects[1].

同义名列表

5 个代谢物同义名

2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)chroman-3,5,7-triol; (+/-)-Catechin; rel-Cianidanol; rel-Catechuic acid; (±)-Catechin

数据库引用编号

16 个数据库交叉引用编号

ChEBI: CHEBI:23053
KEGG: C17590
PubChem: 1203
ChEMBL: CHEMBL206452
CAS: 17334-50-8
CAS: 13392-26-2
CAS: 7295-85-4
MoNA: BML80051
MoNA: BML80050
MoNA: BML00634
MoNA: BML00630
MoNA: BML00626
PubChem: 96023935
NIKKAJI: J21.708E
NIKKAJI: J9.391B
medchemexpress: HY-B1890

分类词条

酚类

代谢反应

0 个相关的代谢反应过程信息。

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(0)

WikiPathways(0)

Plant Reactome(0)

INOH(0)

PlantCyc(0)

COVID-19 Disease Map(0)

PathBank(0)

PharmGKB(0)

220 个相关的物种来源信息

97169 - Abies sibirica:
204988 - Acacia adunca:
658885 - Acacia arabica:
383632 - Acacia baileyana:
139006 - Acacia calamifolia:
1173637 - Acacia cambagei:
383638 - Acacia cardiophylla:
1174753 - Acacia chrysotricha:
1174755 - Acacia clunies-rossiae:
1173642 - Acacia concurrens:
3809 - Acacia confusa:
383640 - Acacia constablei:
138515 - Acacia cultriformis:
205042 - Acacia dealbata:
205356 - Acacia deanei:
205044 - Acacia decurrens:
138021 - Acacia elata:
139008 - Acacia falciformis:
383643 - Acacia filicifolia:
21010 - Acacia fimbriata:
1120455 - Acacia holosericea:
383645 - Acacia irrorata:
1120458 - Acacia ixiophylla:
1378370 - Acacia kettlewelliae:
138518 - Acacia leucoclada:
139010 - Acacia longifolia:
383647 - Acacia mabellae:
139012 - Acacia mearnsii:
138028 - Acacia melanoxylon:
383648 - Acacia mollifolia:
205053 - Acacia neriifolia:
866003 - Acacia obtusifolia:
1173659 - Acacia omalophylla:
383653 - Acacia oshanesii:
139013 - Acacia oswaldii:
138037 - Acacia parramattensis:
1173660 - Acacia pendula:
880440 - Acacia pycnantha:
1050817 - Acacia retinodes:
694556 - Acacia rigens:
205063 - Acacia silvestris:
383657 - Acacia terminalis:
383658 - Acacia trachyphloia:
1120475 - Acacia verniciflua:
1120476 - Acacia vestita:
281911 - Acaena magellanica: 10.1211/0022357021779014
171213 - Acer nikoense: 10.1021/NP990207+
210347 - Aglaia odorata: 10.1248/CPB.48.65
47037 - Alhagi maurorum: 10.1007/BF00563963
105668 - Alpinia blepharocalyx: 10.5530/PJ.2011.22.11
1335102 - Alpinia roxburghii: 10.5530/PJ.2011.22.11
3702 - Arabidopsis thaliana: 10.1046/J.1365-313X.2003.01834.X
458690 - Ardisia cornudentata: 10.1055/S-0030-1250094
184783 - Areca catechu: 10.1271/BBB1924.8.149
171878 - Aristolochia zollingeriana: 10.3937/KAMPOMED.49.457
225832 - Artabotrys: 10.1248/CPB.55.1597
72332 - Artemisia absinthium: 10.1021/NP000005+
1227615 - Artemisia alba: 10.1021/NP000005+
1227617 - Artemisia assoana: 10.1021/NP000005+
496566 - Artemisia carvifolia: 10.1021/NP000005+
205368 - Artemisia incanescens: 10.1021/NP000005+
669631 - Aster alpinus:
191233 - Aster bellidiastrum:
947972 - Aster koraiensis:
314325 - Aster sedifolius:
1532287 - Astragalus sempervirens:
21563 - Averrhoa: 10.1007/S11418-008-0239-Y
124943 - Azadirachta indica: 10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2008.01.020
566045 - Baccaurea ramiflora: 10.1055/S-2007-990235
253224 - Betula davurica: 10.1248/CPB.46.166
3505 - Betula pendula: 10.1007/BF00575727
78630 - Betula platyphylla: 10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2007.05.018
216988 - Betula platyphylla var. japonica:
125587 - Bistorta officinalis:
1407748 - Camellia crassicolumna: 10.1021/JF802974M
4442 - Camellia sinensis:
542762 - Camellia sinensis var. sinensis:
53852 - Cassia fistula: 10.1248/CPB.34.633
508996 - Cassia javanica:
948717 - Cassia roxburghii:
93752 - Ceiba: 10.1021/NP970198+
36622 - Chaenomeles sinensis: 10.1248/CPB.50.1124
106546 - Chaenomeles speciosa: 10.1248/CPB.50.1124
1524680 - Chamaecrista kleinii:
221251 - Chrysophyllum cainito: 10.1021/JF011178N
337469 - Cinnamomum philippinense: 10.1021/NP1002274
119266 - Cinnamomum sieboldii: 10.1248/CPB.34.633
977953 - Cinnamomum subavenium: 10.1248/CPB.34.633
93760 - Cola acuminata: 10.1021/JF0721038
82457 - Cola nitida: 10.1021/JF0721038
37494 - Consolida ajacis: 10.1039/CT9028100585
323036 - Croton cascarilloides: 10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00873-X
518845 - Croton celtidifolius: 10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00873-X
323063 - Croton lechleri: 10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00873-X
323071 - Croton montevidensis: 10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00873-X
1465295 - Cupania americana: 10.1248/CPB.53.1037
13469 - Cupressus sempervirens: 10.1016/J.FITOTE.2009.08.014
136314 - Delphinium andersonii: 10.1039/CT9028100585
50998 - Distylium racemosum: 10.1002/PTR.3439
32170 - Doryopteris concolor: 10.1248/CPB.38.856
2853777 - Doryopteris decipiens: 10.1248/CPB.38.856
40556 - Doryopteris pedata: 10.1248/CPB.38.856
187348 - Drynaria: 10.1248/CPB.56.46
239590 - Dryopteris polylepis: 10.1248/CPB.48.1190
459628 - Embelia: 10.1021/NP060284M
23166 - Eriobotrya: 10.1248/CPB.48.687
188493 - Etlingera elatior: 10.5530/PJ.2011.22.2
4391 - Eucommia: 10.1007/S11418-005-0026-Y
1231846 - Eugenia brasiliensis: 10.1211/JPP.60.4.0011
2054263 - Excoecaria acerifolia: 10.3390/MOLECULES15042178
76025 - Fallopia multiflora:
66385 - Ficus microcarpa: 10.1021/NP020154N
1822162 - Ficus simplicissima: 10.1021/NP020154N
469923 - Garcinia celebica:
231905 - Garcinia dulcis:
156481 - Garcinia intermedia:
58228 - Garcinia mangostana:
1585849 - Garcinia morella:
231910 - Garcinia speciosa:
76967 - Glycosmis pentaphylla: 10.1248/CPB.48.65
93772 - Guazuma ulmifolia: 10.1590/S0103-50532009000600016
4317 - Hippocratea: 10.1016/S0378-8741(01)00414-7
185490 - Ilex amara: 10.1007/BF00397385
1043419 - Ilex chinensis: 10.1007/BF00397385
53202 - Ilex dumosa: 10.1007/BF00397385
185544 - Ilex purpurea: 10.1007/BF00397385
16719 - Juglans nigra: 10.1021/NP0201063
105749 - Kadsura: 10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2007.11.019
124781 - Kadsura heteroclita: 10.1021/NP0505521
85222 - Laurus: 10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00563-3
34305 - Lotus japonicus: 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)98001-4
3740 - Manilkara: 10.1021/NP020576X
2803357 - Melanthera prostrata: 10.1021/NP060515P
155640 - Melia azedarach: 10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2008.01.020
1089417 - Microtropis fokienensis:
1679271 - Millettia erythrocalyx: 10.1021/NP0703904
2747815 - Millettia laurentii: 10.1021/NP0703904
1825850 - Monteverdia truncata: 10.1590/S0103-50532010000200009
2901850 - Murraya exotica: 10.1248/CPB.48.65
43711 - Murraya paniculata: 10.1248/CPB.48.65
1647799 - Mycoacia fuscoatra: 10.1055/S-2000-8633
345127 - Parthenocissus tricuspidata: 10.1021/NP990207+
46901 - Persicaria hydropiper: 10.1248/CPB.50.605
430754 - Persicaria lapathifolia: 10.1021/NP010222Q
371028 - Persicaria perfoliata:
488007 - Persicaria pubescens:
446123 - Phoenix loureiroi: 10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2009.06.006
586100 - Phyllanthus oligospermus: 10.1021/NP000135I
62752 - Pinus sibirica:
3348 - Pinus strobus: 10.1021/NP020048L
3349 - Pinus sylvestris: 10.1021/NP020048L
33090 - Plants: -
58334 - Quercus ilex: 10.1021/JF2011535
36623 - Rhaphiolepis: 10.1248/CPB.48.687
240185 - Rheum coreanum: 10.1021/NP0301442
137220 - Rheum officinale: 10.1021/NP0301442
137221 - Rheum palmatum: 10.1021/NP0301442
137226 - Rheum tanguticum: 10.1021/NP0301442
284360 - Rheum webbianum: 10.1021/NP0301442
1435565 - Ribes fasciculatum var. chinense: 10.1021/NP060284M
1165904 - Rosa amblyotis:
117261 - Rosa cymosa:
237596 - Rosa davurica:
74652 - Rosa laevigata:
117265 - Rosa maximowicziana:
74647 - Rosa multiflora: 10.1248/CPB.58.1227
74645 - Rosa rugosa:
1786032 - Rumex chalepensis: 10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2007.05.032
467604 - Rumex maritimus: 10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2007.05.032
174652 - Rumex nepalensis: 10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2007.05.032
137229 - Rumex patientia: 10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2007.05.032
1009589 - Salacia chinensis: 10.1248/YAKUSHI.123.871
476450 - Salvia castanea:
2886701 - Salvia coulteri:
207754 - Salvia dorrii:
49212 - Salvia hispanica:
226208 - Salvia miltiorrhiza:
392673 - Salvia munzii:
2039529 - Salvia parryi:
1685717 - Salvia syriaca:
1933769 - Salvia yosgadensis:
238930 - Saussurea amara: 10.1248/CPB.56.864
1052904 - Scutellaria amoena: 10.1002/PCA.1127
65409 - Scutellaria baicalensis: 10.1002/PCA.1127
138017 - Senegalia catechu:
210324 - Sida cordata: 10.3390/MOLECULES200815330
108362 - Sida cordifolia: 10.3390/MOLECULES200815330
103871 - Solanum acaule: 10.1016/0031-9422(71)85124-5
795972 - Solanum chenopodioides: 10.1016/0031-9422(71)85124-5
115664 - Solanum elaeagnifolium: 10.1016/0031-9422(71)85124-5
374017 - Solanum giganteum: 10.1016/0031-9422(71)85124-5
205558 - Solanum laxum: 10.1016/0031-9422(71)85124-5
1398764 - Solanum nigrescens: 10.1016/0031-9422(71)85124-5
4112 - Solanum nigrum:
205582 - Solanum sisymbriifolium: 10.1016/0031-9422(71)85124-5
4113 - Solanum tuberosum: 10.1016/0031-9422(71)85124-5
115671 - Solanum villosum: 10.1016/0031-9422(71)85124-5
765745 - Sorbus decora: 10.1021/NP1003005
195802 - Sterculia foetida: 10.1590/S0103-50532009000600016
1237123 - Tainia latifolia: 10.1248/CPB.53.1037
46220 - Taxus brevifolia: 10.1021/NP000053U
1209850 - Teucrium cubense: 10.1002/PCA.1127
3641 - Theobroma cacao: 10.1021/NP034002J
1043716 - Ulmus macrocarpa: 10.1007/S12272-011-0907-4
128375 - Uncaria tomentosa:
13750 - Vaccinium macrocarpon: 10.1248/CPB.36.33
516948 - Vaccinium oxycoccos: 10.1248/CPB.36.33
205069 - Vachellia erioloba:
138033 - Vachellia nilotica:
1226580 - Vachellia planifrons:
23231 - Vauquelinia: 10.3390/MOLECULES200815330
361442 - Vitex negundo: 10.1021/NP020199O
29760 - Vitis vinifera:
671526 - Waltheria indica: 10.1248/BPB.28.912
2494600 - Wollastonia dentata: 10.1021/NP060515P
241840 - Xylocarpus: 10.1021/NP050545C
225838 - Xylopia: 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)00344-7
328401 - Zanthoxylum bungeanum: 10.1021/NP070186G
354530 - Zanthoxylum schinifolium: 10.1021/NP070186G
94328 - Zingiber officinale: 10.5530/PJ.2011.22.11

在这里通过桑基图来展示出与当前的这个代谢物在我们的BioDeep知识库中具有相关联信息的其他代谢物。在这里进行关联的信息来源主要有：

PubMed: 来源于PubMed文献库中的文献信息，我们通过自然语言数据挖掘得到的在同一篇文献中被同时提及的相关代谢物列表，这个列表按照代谢物同时出现的文献数量降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为相关研究中关联性很高的代谢物集合展示在桑基图中。
NCBI Taxonomy: 通过文献数据挖掘，得到的代谢物物种来源信息关联。这个关联信息同样按照出现的次数降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为高关联度的代谢物集合展示在桑吉图上。
Chemical Taxonomy: 在物质分类上处于同一个分类集合中的其他代谢物
Chemical Reaction: 在化学反应过程中，存在为当前代谢物相关联的生化反应过程中的反应底物或者反应产物的关联代谢物信息。

点击图上的相关代谢物的名称，可以跳转到相关代谢物的信息页面。

亚细胞结构定位		关联基因列表

文献列表

Adam Yasgar, Danielle Bougie, Richard T Eastman, Ruili Huang, Misha Itkin, Jennifer Kouznetsova, Caitlin Lynch, Crystal McKnight, Mitch Miller, Deborah K Ngan, Tyler Peryea, Pranav Shah, Paul Shinn, Menghang Xia, Xin Xu, Alexey V Zakharov, Anton Simeonov. Quantitative Bioactivity Signatures of Dietary Supplements and Natural Products. ACS pharmacology & translational science. 2023 May; 6(5):683-701. doi: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00194. [PMID: 37200814]
Celia Bustos-Brito, Mariano Sánchez-Castellanos, Baldomero Esquivel, José S Calderón, Fernando Calzada, Lilian Yepez-Mulia, Angelina Hernández-Barragán, Pedro Joseph-Nathan, Gabriel Cuevas, Leovigildo Quijano. Structure, absolute configuration, and antidiarrheal activity of a thymol derivative from Ageratina cylindrica. Journal of natural products. 2014 Feb; 77(2):358-63. doi: 10.1021/np400964w. [PMID: 24502360]
An-Cheng Huang, Amelie Wilde, Johanna Ebmeyer, George K Skouroumounis, Dennis K Taylor. Examination of the phenolic profile and antioxidant activity of the leaves of the Australian native plant Smilax glyciphylla. Journal of natural products. 2013 Oct; 76(10):1930-6. doi: 10.1021/np4005163. [PMID: 24050300]
Dana Atrahimovich, Jacob Vaya, Soliman Khatib. The effects and mechanism of flavonoid-rePON1 interactions. Structure-activity relationship study. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry. 2013 Jun; 21(11):3348-55. doi: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.02.055. [PMID: 23623675]
Hassiba Aoudia, Nikoletta Ntalli, Nadhem Aissani, R Yahiaoui-Zaidi, Pierluigi Caboni. Nematotoxic phenolic compounds from Melia azedarach against Meloidogyne incognita. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2012 Nov; 60(47):11675-80. doi: 10.1021/jf3038874. [PMID: 23136941]
Fedor Romanov-Michailidis, Florian Viton, René Fumeaux, Antoine Lévèques, Lucas Actis-Goretta, Maarit Rein, Gary Williamson, Denis Barron. Epicatechin B-ring conjugates: first enantioselective synthesis and evidence for their occurrence in human biological fluids. Organic letters. 2012 Aug; 14(15):3902-5. doi: 10.1021/ol3016463. [PMID: 22799566]
Myalowenkosy I Sabela, Njabulo J Gumede, Laura Escuder-Gilabert, Yolanda Martín-Biosca, Khirsna Bisetty, María-Jose Medina-Hernández, Salvador Sagrado. Connecting simulated, bioanalytical, and molecular docking data on the stereoselective binding of (±)-catechin to human serum albumin. Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry. 2012 Feb; 402(5):1899-909. doi: 10.1007/s00216-011-5636-5. [PMID: 22200924]
Zuzana Kyselova. Toxicological aspects of the use of phenolic compounds in disease prevention. Interdisciplinary toxicology. 2011 Dec; 4(4):173-83. doi: 10.2478/v10102-011-0027-5. [PMID: 22319251]
Andrew C Holloway, Simon W J Gould, Mark D Fielder, Declan P Naughton, Alison F Kelly. Enhancement of antimicrobial activities of whole and sub-fractionated white tea by addition of copper (II) sulphate and vitamin C against Staphylococcus aureus; a mechanistic approach. BMC complementary and alternative medicine. 2011 Nov; 11(?):115. doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-11-115. [PMID: 22093997]
Jarrod L Pollock, Lewis A Kogan, Andrea S Thorpe, William E Holben. (±)-catechin, a root exudate of the invasive centaurea stoebe lam. (Spotted knapweed) exhibits bacteriostatic activity against multiple soil bacterial populations. Journal of chemical ecology. 2011 Sep; 37(9):1044-53. doi: 10.1007/s10886-011-0005-6. [PMID: 21882071]
Ayaka Yoshida, Fumihiko Yoshino, Masahito Tsubata, Motoya Ikeguchi, Takeshi Nakamura, Masaichi-Chang-Il Lee. Direct assessment by electron spin resonance spectroscopy of the antioxidant effects of French maritime pine bark extract in the maxillofacial region of hairless mice. Journal of clinical biochemistry and nutrition. 2011 Sep; 49(2):79-86. doi: 10.3164/jcbn.10-103. [PMID: 21980222]
Nadine Saul, Kerstin Pietsch, Stephen R Stürzenbaum, Ralph Menzel, Christian E W Steinberg. Diversity of polyphenol action in Caenorhabditis elegans: between toxicity and longevity. Journal of natural products. 2011 Aug; 74(8):1713-20. doi: 10.1021/np200011a. [PMID: 21805983]
Sangaalofa T Clark, Wynand S Verwoerd. A systems approach to identifying correlated gene targets for the loss of colour pigmentation in plants. BMC bioinformatics. 2011 Aug; 12(?):343. doi: 10.1186/1471-2105-12-343. [PMID: 21849042]
Gustavo Scola, Danusa Conte, Patrícia Wilmsen Dalla-Santa Spada, Caroline Dani, Regina Vanderlinde, Claudia Funchal, Mirian Salvador. Flavan-3-ol compounds from wine wastes with in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activity. Nutrients. 2010 10; 2(10):1048-59. doi: 10.3390/nu2101048. [PMID: 22253995]
Sansa Dutta, Amit Basak, Swagata Dasgupta. Synthesis and ribonuclease A inhibition activity of resorcinol and phloroglucinol derivatives of catechin and epicatechin: Importance of hydroxyl groups. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry. 2010 Sep; 18(17):6538-46. doi: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.06.077. [PMID: 20692173]
Shail Kaushik, Harsh P Bais, Meredith L Biedrzycki, Lakshmannan Venkatachalam. Catechin is a phytototoxin and a pro-oxidant secreted from the roots of Centaurea stoebe. Plant signaling & behavior. 2010 Sep; 5(9):1088-98. doi: 10.4161/psb.5.9.11823. [PMID: 20505358]
Christina Ritter, Benno F Zimmermann, Rudolf Galensa. Chiral separation of (+)/(-)-catechin from sulfated and glucuronidated metabolites in human plasma after cocoa consumption. Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry. 2010 May; 397(2):723-30. doi: 10.1007/s00216-010-3542-x. [PMID: 20213173]
Harsh P Bais, L Venkatachalam, Meredith L Biedrzycki. Stimulation or Inhibition: Conflicting evidence for (+/-)-catechin's role as a chemical facilitator and disease protecting agent. Plant signaling & behavior. 2010 Mar; 5(3):239-46. doi: 10.4161/psb.5.3.10573. [PMID: 20023372]
Yukako Okazaki, Yunkyung Han, Mai Kayahara, Toshiro Watanabe, Hirofumi Arishige, Norihisa Kato. Consumption of curcumin elevates fecal immunoglobulin A, an index of intestinal immune function, in rats fed a high-fat diet. Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology. 2010; 56(1):68-71. doi: 10.3177/jnsv.56.68. [PMID: 20354349]
Vladimir Chobot, Christoph Huber, Guenter Trettenhahn, Franz Hadacek. (+/-)-catechin: chemical weapon, antioxidant, or stress regulator?. Journal of chemical ecology. 2009 Aug; 35(8):980-96. doi: 10.1007/s10886-009-9681-x. [PMID: 19701725]
Ryusuke Fudouji, Takashi Tanaka, Toshitugu Taguri, Yosuke Matsuo, Isao Kouno. Coupling reactions of catechins with natural aldehydes and allyl alcohols and radical scavenging activities of the triglyceride-soluble products. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2009 Jul; 57(14):6417-24. doi: 10.1021/jf9010998. [PMID: 19537756]
Georgina N Diaz Napal, María C Carpinella, Sara M Palacios. Antifeedant activity of ethanolic extract from Flourensia oolepis and isolation of pinocembrin as its active principle compound. Bioresource technology. 2009 Jul; 100(14):3669-73. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.02.050. [PMID: 19342224]
Min Hye Yang, Kee Dong Yoon, Young-Won Chin, Ju Hyun Park, Jinwoong Kim. Phenolic compounds with radical scavenging and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitory activities from Dioscorea opposita. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry. 2009 Apr; 17(7):2689-94. doi: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.02.057. [PMID: 19303782]
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