Galantamine (BioDeep_00000000236)

 

Secondary id: BioDeep_00000398667

human metabolite PANOMIX_OTCML-2023 blood metabolite Chemicals and Drugs


代谢物信息卡片


(1S,12S,14R)-9-methoxy-4-methyl-11-oxa-4-azatetracyclo[8.6.1.01,12.06,17]heptadeca-6(17),7,9,15-tetraen-14-ol

化学式: C17H21NO3 (287.1521356)
中文名称: 雪花莲胺, 加兰他敏, 加兰他明, 雪花胺
谱图信息: 最多检出来源 Viridiplantae(plant) 0.13%

Reviewed

Last reviewed on 2024-09-04.

Cite this Page

Galantamine. BioDeep Database v3. PANOMIX ltd, a top metabolomics service provider from China. https://query.biodeep.cn/s/galantamine (retrieved 2024-11-03) (BioDeep RN: BioDeep_00000000236). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).

分子结构信息

SMILES: CN1CCC23C=CC(CC2OC4=C(C=CC(=C34)C1)OC)O
InChI: InChI=1S/C17H21NO3/c1-18-8-7-17-6-5-12(19)9-14(17)21-16-13(20-2)4-3-11(10-18)15(16)17/h3-6,12,14,19H,7-10H2,1-2H3/t12-,14-,17-/m0/s1

描述信息

Galanthamine is a benzazepine alkaloid isolated from certain species of daffodils. It has a role as an antidote to curare poisoning, an EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor, a cholinergic drug, an EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor and a plant metabolite. It is an organic heterotetracyclic compound, a tertiary amino compound, a benzazepine alkaloid and a benzazepine alkaloid fundamental parent. It is a conjugate base of a galanthamine(1+).
Galantamine is a tertiary alkaloid and reversible, competitive inhibitor of the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme, which is a widely studied therapeutic target used in the treatment of Alzheimers disease. First characterized in the early 1950s, galantamine is a tertiary alkaloid that was extracted from botanical sources, such as Galanthus nivalis. Galantamine was first studied in paralytic and neuropathic conditions, such as myopathies and postpolio paralytic conditions, and for reversal of neuromuscular blockade. Following the discovery of its AChE-inhibiting properties, the cognitive effects of galantamine were studied in a wide variety of psychiatric disorders such as mild cognitive impairment, cognitive impairment in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, and autism; however, re-development of the drug for Alzheimer’s disease did not commence until the early 1990s due to difficulties in extraction and synthesis. Galantamine blocks the breakdown of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft, thereby increasing acetylcholine neurotransmission. It also acts as an allosteric modulator of the nicotinic receptor, giving its dual mechanism of action clinical significance. The drug was approved by the FDA in 2001 for the treatment of mild to moderate dementia of the Alzheimers type. As Alzheimers disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, galantamine is not known to alter the course of the underlying dementing process. Galantamine works to block the enzyme responsible for the breakdown of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft, thereby enhancing cholinergic neuron function and signalling. Under this hypothesized mechanism of action, the therapeutic effects of galantamine may decrease as the disease progression advances and fewer cholinergic neurons remain functionally intact. It is therefore not considered to be a disease-modifying drug. Galantamine is marketed under the brand name Razadyne, and is available as oral immediate- and extended-release tablets and solution.
Galantamine is a Cholinesterase Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of galantamine is as a Cholinesterase Inhibitor.
Galantamine is an oral acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used for therapy of Alzheimer disease. Galantamine is associated with a minimal rate of serum enzyme elevations during therapy and has not been implicated as a cause of clinically apparent liver injury.
Galantamine is a natural product found in Pancratium trianthum, Lycoris sanguinea, and other organisms with data available.
A benzazepine derived from norbelladine. It is found in GALANTHUS and other AMARYLLIDACEAE. It is a cholinesterase inhibitor that has been used to reverse the muscular effects of GALLAMINE TRIETHIODIDE and TUBOCURARINE and has been studied as a treatment for ALZHEIMER DISEASE and other central nervous system disorders.
See also: Galantamine Hydrobromide (active moiety of).
A benzazepine derived from norbelladine. It is found in galanthus and other amaryllidaceae. Galantamine is a cholinesterase inhibitor that has been used to reverse the muscular effects of gallamine triethiodide and tubocurarine, and has been studied as a treatment for Alzheimers disease and other central nervous system disorders. [PubChem]
D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D001337 - Autonomic Agents > D010277 - Parasympathomimetics
D018377 - Neurotransmitter Agents > D018678 - Cholinergic Agents > D002800 - Cholinesterase Inhibitors
N - Nervous system > N06 - Psychoanaleptics > N06D - Anti-dementia drugs > N06DA - Anticholinesterases
D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D018697 - Nootropic Agents
A benzazepine alkaloid isolated from certain species of daffodils.
C471 - Enzyme Inhibitor > C47792 - Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor
D004791 - Enzyme Inhibitors
Galanthamine is a potent acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor with an IC50 of 500 nM.
Galanthamine is a potent acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor with an IC50 of 500 nM.

同义名列表

86 个代谢物同义名

InChI=1/C17H21NO3/c1-18-8-7-17-6-5-12(19)9-14(17)21-16-13(20-2)4-3-11(10-18)15(16)17/h3-6,12,14,19H,7-10H2,1-2H3/t12-,14-,17-/m0/s1; 6H-BENZOFURO(3A,3,2-EF)(2)BENZAZEPIN-6-OL, 4A,5,9,10,11,12-HEXAHYDRO-3-METHOXY-11-METHYL-, (4A.ALPHA.,6.BETA.,8AR*)-; (1S,12S,14R)-9-methoxy-4-methyl-11-oxa-4-azatetracyclo[8.6.1.0^{1,12}.0^{6,17}]heptadeca-6,8,10(17),15-tetraen-14-ol; (1S,12S,14R)-9-methoxy-4-methyl-11-oxa-4-azatetracyclo[8.6.1.0^{1,12}.0^{6,17}]heptadeca-6(17),7,9,15-tetraen-14-ol; 6H-Benzofuro(3a,3,2-ef)(2)benzazepin-6-ol, 4a,5,9,10,11,12-hexahydro-3-methoxy-11-methyl-, (4aalpha,6beta,8ar*)-; (1S,12S,14R)-9-methoxy-4-methyl-11-oxa-4-azatetracyclo[8.6.1.0¹,¹².0⁶,¹⁷]heptadeca-6(17),7,9,15-tetraen-14-ol; (1S,12S,14R)-9-methoxy-4-methyl-11-oxa-4-azatetracyclo[8.6.1.01,12.06,17]heptadeca-6(17),7,9,15-tetraen-14-ol; 6H-Benzofuro(3a,3,2-ef)(2)benzazepin-6-ol, 4a,5,9,10,11,12-hexahydro-3-methoxy-11-methyl-, (4aR,6S,8aR)-rel-; 6H-Benzofuro(3a,3,2-ef)(2)benzazepin-6-ol, 4a,5,9,10,11,12-hexahydro-3-methoxy-11-methyl-, (4aS,6R,8aS)-; 6H-Benzofuro[3a,3,2-ef][2]benzazepin-6-ol, 4a,5,9,10,11,12-hexahydro-3-methoxy-11-methyl-, (4aS,6R,8aS)-; (4aS,6R,8aS)-3-methoxy-11-methyl-5,6,9,10,11,12-hexahydro-4aH-(1)benzofuro(3a,3,2-ef)(2)benzazepin-6-ol; 6H-BENZOFURO(3A,3,2-EF)(2)BENZAZEPIN-6-OL, 4A,5,9,10,11,12-HEXAHYDRO-3-METHOXY-11-METHYL-, (4AS,6R,8AS); (4aS,6R,8aS)-4a,5,9,10,11,12-Hexahydro-3-methoxy-11-methyl-6H-benzofurol[3a,3,2,-ef][2]benzazepin-6-ol; (4aS,6R,8aS)-4a,5,9,10,11,12-Hexahydro-3-methoxy-11-methyl-6H-benzofuro[3a,3,2-ef][2]benzazepin-6-ol; (4aS,6R,8aS)-4a,5,9,10,11,12-Hexahydro-3-methoxy-11-methyl-6H-benzofuro(3a,3,2-ef)(2)benzazepin-6-ol; (4aS,6R,8aS)-3-methoxy-11-methyl-4a,5,9,10,11,12-hexahydro-6H-benzo[2,3]benzofuro[4,3-cd]azepin-6-ol; (4aS,6R,8aS)-3-Methoxy-11-methyl-5,6,9,10,11,12-hexahydro-4aH-benzo[2,3]benzofuro[4,3-cd]azepin-6-ol; 6H-Benzofuro(3a,3,2-ef)(2)benzazepin-6-ol, 4a,5,9,10,11,12-hexahydro-3-methoxy-11-methyl-; Ortho mcneil neurologics brand OF galantamine; Ortho-mcneil neurologics brand OF galantamine; 4-27-00-02184 (Beilstein Handbook Reference); Galanthamine-O-(methyl-d3)-N-(methyl-d3); ASUTZQLVASHGKV-JDFRZJQESA-N; ASUTZQLVASHGKV-JDFRZJQESA-; Galantamine [USAN:INN:BAN]; Galanthamine hydrobromide; Galantamina (INN-Spanish); Galantamina [INN-Spanish]; Galantaminum (INN-Latin); Galantaminum [INN-Latin]; Galantamine (USAN/INN); Galanthamine, (+/-)-; GALANTAMINE [WHO-DD]; GALANTAMINE [VANDF]; Galantamine, (+/-)-; GALANTAMINE [HSDB]; (+/-)-Galanthamine; GALANTAMINE [USAN]; Prestwick1_000588; (+/-)-Galantamine; GALANTAMINE [INN]; Prestwick3_000588; Prestwick0_000588; Prestwick2_000588; Galanthamine, 12; Spectrum3_001738; Spectrum5_001673; (-)-Galanthamine; GALANTAMINE [MI]; Spectrum4_000839; (-)-Galantamine; UNII-1T835Z585R; UNII-0D3Q044KCA; Probes1_000055; Probes2_000395; DivK1c_000590; BPBio1_000480; Galanthaminum; KBio3_002636; Reminyl (TN); KBio2_004319; KBio2_006887; Galanthamine; Galantaminum; KBio2_001751; KBio1_000590; Galantamine; IDI1_000590; Razadyne ER; Galantamina; SMP1_000131; Galantamin; 0D3Q044KCA; Lycoremine; 1T835Z585R; Lycoremin; Razadyne; Bodamine; Nivaline; Reminyl; Nivalin; N06DA04; Jilkon; 1qti; 1dx6; GNT



数据库引用编号

23 个数据库交叉引用编号

分类词条

相关代谢途径

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(1)

PlantCyc(1)

代谢反应

2 个相关的代谢反应过程信息。

Reactome(0)

BioCyc(1)

  • Amaryllidacea alkaloids biosynthesis: 4'-O-methylnorbelladine + O2 + a reduced [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] ⟶ (4aS,10bR)-noroxomaritidine + H2O + an oxidized [NADPH-hemoprotein reductase]

WikiPathways(0)

Plant Reactome(0)

INOH(0)

PlantCyc(1)

COVID-19 Disease Map(0)

PathBank(0)

PharmGKB(0)

86 个相关的物种来源信息

在这里通过桑基图来展示出与当前的这个代谢物在我们的BioDeep知识库中具有相关联信息的其他代谢物。在这里进行关联的信息来源主要有：

  • PubMed: 来源于PubMed文献库中的文献信息，我们通过自然语言数据挖掘得到的在同一篇文献中被同时提及的相关代谢物列表，这个列表按照代谢物同时出现的文献数量降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为相关研究中关联性很高的代谢物集合展示在桑基图中。
  • NCBI Taxonomy: 通过文献数据挖掘，得到的代谢物物种来源信息关联。这个关联信息同样按照出现的次数降序排序，取前10个代谢物作为高关联度的代谢物集合展示在桑吉图上。
  • Chemical Taxonomy: 在物质分类上处于同一个分类集合中的其他代谢物
  • Chemical Reaction: 在化学反应过程中，存在为当前代谢物相关联的生化反应过程中的反应底物或者反应产物的关联代谢物信息。

点击图上的相关代谢物的名称，可以跳转到相关代谢物的信息页面。



文献列表

  • Gabriela Haist, Boriana Sidjimova, Elina Yankova-Tsvetkova, Milena Nikolova, Rumen Denev, Ivanka Semerdjieva, Jaume Bastida, Strahil Berkov. Metabolite profiling and histochemical localization of alkaloids in Hippeastrum papilio (Ravena) van Scheepen. Journal of plant physiology. 2024 May; 296(?):154223. doi: 10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154223. [PMID: 38507926]
  • M A Aldubayan, A S Alsharidah, S K Alenezi, A H Alhowail. Galantamine mitigates neurotoxicity caused by doxorubicin via reduced neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in rat model. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences. 2024 Jan; 28(2):805-813. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202401_35081. [PMID: 38305623]
  • Ayca Cimen, Yavuz Baba, Arzu Birinci Yildirim, Arzu Ucar Turker. Do Vermicompost Applications Improve Growth Performance, Pharmaceutically Important Alkaloids, Phenolic Content, Free Radical Scavenging Potency and Defense Enzyme Activities in Summer Snowflake (Leucojum aestivum L.)?. Chemistry & biodiversity. 2023 Oct; ?(?):e202301074. doi: 10.1002/cbdv.202301074. [PMID: 37779102]
  • Wenli Shi, Wenxin Han, Yijing Liao, Jiaqi Wen, Guowen Zhang. Inhibition mechanism of fisetin on acetylcholinesterase and its synergistic effect with galantamine. Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy. 2023 Sep; 305(?):123452. doi: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123452. [PMID: 37769468]
  • Kouadio Kra Norbert Bini, Koffi Christophe Kobenan, Malanno Kouakou, Ibrahime Sinan Kouadio, Gokhan Zengin, József Jekő, Zoltán Cziáky, Mathias Danho, Ochou Germain Ochou. Phytochemical profiling, antioxidant activities, enzymatic activities and insecticidal potential of aqueous extracts of four plants on the larvae of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), the main pest of cotton plant in Ivory Coast. Archives of insect biochemistry and physiology. 2023 Apr; ?(?):e22017. doi: 10.1002/arch.22017. [PMID: 37185885]
  • Rupa Sanyal, Manokari M, Sharmila Pandey, Saheli Nandi, Protha Biswas, Saikat Dewanjee, Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan, Niraj Kumar Jha, Saurabh Kumar Jha, Nirmal Joshee, Devendra Kumar Pandey, Abhijit Dey, Mahipal S Shekhawat. Biotechnological interventions and production of galanthamine in Crinum spp. Applied microbiology and biotechnology. 2023 Apr; 107(7-8):2155-2167. doi: 10.1007/s00253-023-12444-0. [PMID: 36922438]
  • Meng Tang, Chaohan Li, Cheng Zhang, Youming Cai, Yongchun Zhang, Liuyan Yang, Moxian Chen, Fuyuan Zhu, Qingzhu Li, Kehu Li. SWATH-MS-Based Proteomics Reveals the Regulatory Metabolism of Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids in Three Lycoris Species. International journal of molecular sciences. 2023 Feb; 24(5):. doi: 10.3390/ijms24054495. [PMID: 36901927]
  • Gabriela Haist, Boriana Sidjimova, Vladimir Vladimirov, Liliya Georgieva, Milena Nikolova, Jaume Bastida, Strahil Berkov. Morphological, cariological, and phytochemical studies of diploid and autotetraploid Hippeastrum papilio plants. Planta. 2023 Feb; 257(3):51. doi: 10.1007/s00425-023-04084-5. [PMID: 36757512]
  • Meenakshee Shrivas, Dignesh Khunt, Meera Shrivas, Manju Misra. Studies on pomegranate seed oil enriched galantamine hydrobromide microemulsion: formulation, in vitro antioxidant and neuroprotective potential. Pharmaceutical development and technology. 2023 Feb; 28(2):153-163. doi: 10.1080/10837450.2023.2171433. [PMID: 36662596]
  • Luciane B Silva, Elenilze F B Ferreira, Maryam, José M Espejo-Román, Glauber V Costa, Josiane V Cruz, Njogu M Kimani, Josivan S Costa, José A H M Bittencourt, Jorddy N Cruz, Joaquín M Campos, Cleydson B R Santos. Galantamine Based Novel Acetylcholinesterase Enzyme Inhibitors: A Molecular Modeling Design Approach. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2023 Jan; 28(3):. doi: 10.3390/molecules28031035. [PMID: 36770702]
  • Rumyana Simeonova, Mariyana Atanasova, Georgi Stavrakov, Irena Philipova, Irini Doytchinova. Ex Vivo Antioxidant and Cholinesterase Inhibiting Effects of a Novel Galantamine-Curcumin Hybrid on Scopolamine-Induced Neurotoxicity in Mice. International journal of molecular sciences. 2022 Nov; 23(23):. doi: 10.3390/ijms232314843. [PMID: 36499171]
  • María Pilar de Torre, Rita Yolanda Cavero, María Isabel Calvo. Anticholinesterase Activity of Selected Medicinal Plants from Navarra Region of Spain and a Detailed Phytochemical Investigation of Origanum vulgare L. ssp. vulgare. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2022 Oct; 27(20):. doi: 10.3390/molecules27207100. [PMID: 36296692]
  • Cheng Liu, Li-Ning Wang, Yu-Ming Liu. Novel Morpholine-Bearing Quinoline Derivatives as Potential Cholinesterase Inhibitors: The Influence of Amine, Carbon Linkers and Phenylamino Groups. International journal of molecular sciences. 2022 Sep; 23(19):. doi: 10.3390/ijms231911231. [PMID: 36232533]
  • Ion Brinza, Mohamed A El Raey, Walaa El-Kashak, Omayma A Eldahshan, Lucian Hritcu. Sweroside Ameliorated Memory Deficits in Scopolamine-Induced Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Model: Involvement of Cholinergic System and Brain Oxidative Stress. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2022 Sep; 27(18):. doi: 10.3390/molecules27185901. [PMID: 36144637]
  • Agata Ptak, Emilia Morańska, Marzena Warchoł, Artur Gurgul, Edyta Skrzypek, Michał Dziurka, Dominique Laurain-Mattar, Rosella Spina, Anita Jaglarz, Magdalena Simlat. Endophytic bacteria from in vitro culture of Leucojum aestivum L. a new source of galanthamine and elicitor of alkaloid biosynthesis. Scientific reports. 2022 08; 12(1):13700. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-17992-5. [PMID: 35953692]
  • Thitipon Yaowaluk, Vorapun Senanarong, Chanin Limwongse, Rasda Boonprasert, Duangkamon Bunditvorapoom, Supannee Kaewsutthi, Pornpimol Kijsanayotin. Association study identifies genetic determinants and non-genetic factors on steady-state plasma and therapeutic outcome of galantamine in mixed dementia. European journal of clinical pharmacology. 2022 Aug; 78(8):1249-1259. doi: 10.1007/s00228-022-03322-1. [PMID: 35633386]
  • Manoj Koirala, Vahid Karimzadegan, Nuwan Sameera Liyanage, Natacha Mérindol, Isabel Desgagné-Penix. Biotechnological Approaches to Optimize the Production of Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids. Biomolecules. 2022 06; 12(7):. doi: 10.3390/biom12070893. [PMID: 35883449]
  • Dena Parsa, Luul A Aden, Ashley Pitzer, Tan Ding, Chang Yu, Andre Diedrich, Ginger L Milne, Annet Kirabo, Cyndya A Shibao. Enhanced parasympathetic cholinergic activity with galantamine inhibited lipid-induced oxidative stress in obese African Americans. Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.). 2022 06; 28(1):60. doi: 10.1186/s10020-022-00486-5. [PMID: 35659521]
  • Lyubomir T Vezenkov, Dancho L Danalev, Iwan Iwanov, Valentin Lozanov, Atanas Atanasov, Rumyana Todorova, Nikolay Vassilev, Veronika Karadjova. Synthesis and biological study of new galanthamine-peptide derivatives designed for prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Amino acids. 2022 Jun; 54(6):897-910. doi: 10.1007/s00726-022-03167-z. [PMID: 35562605]
  • Mariyana Atanasova, Ivan Dimitrov, Stefan Ivanov, Borislav Georgiev, Strahil Berkov, Dimitrina Zheleva-Dimitrova, Irini Doytchinova. Virtual Screening and Hit Selection of Natural Compounds as Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2022 May; 27(10):. doi: 10.3390/molecules27103139. [PMID: 35630613]
  • Chien-Ting Liu, Chuan-Chi Yang, Wu-Chien Chien, Chi-Hsiang Chung, Chien-Sung Tsai, Yi-Ting Tsai, Chih-Yuan Lin, Yi-Chang Lin, Yi-Shi Chen, Nian-Sheng Tzeng. Association between long-term usage of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and lung cancer in the elderly: a nationwide cohort study. Scientific reports. 2022 03; 12(1):3531. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-06377-3. [PMID: 35241672]
  • Fangcheng Fan, Hua Liu, Xiaojie Shi, Yangwen Ai, Qingshan Liu, Yong Cheng. The Efficacy and Safety of Alzheimer's Disease Therapies: An Updated Umbrella Review. Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD. 2022; 85(3):1195-1204. doi: 10.3233/jad-215423. [PMID: 34924395]
  • Rong Wang, Yantong Liu, Sheng Xu, Jie Li, Jiayu Zhou, Ren Wang. An ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter, LaABCB11, Contributes to Alkaloid Transport in Lycoris aurea. International journal of molecular sciences. 2021 Oct; 22(21):. doi: 10.3390/ijms222111458. [PMID: 34768889]
  • Mahmoud Agami, Rasha A Shaalan, Saied F Belal, Marwa A A Ragab. LC-MS bioanalysis of targeted nasal galantamine bound chitosan nanoparticles in rats' brain homogenate and plasma. Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry. 2021 Aug; 413(20):5181-5191. doi: 10.1007/s00216-021-03487-1. [PMID: 34173038]
  • Ari Dienel, Remya A Veettil, Kanako Matsumura, Jude P J Savarraj, H Alex Choi, Peeyush Kumar T, Jaroslaw Aronowski, Pramod Dash, Spiros L Blackburn, Devin W McBride. α7-Acetylcholine Receptor Signaling Reduces Neuroinflammation After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Mice. Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics. 2021 07; 18(3):1891-1904. doi: 10.1007/s13311-021-01052-3. [PMID: 33970466]
  • Lamia Said Kandil, Ragwa M Farid, Safaa S ElGamal, Amira Sayed Hanafy. Intranasal galantamine/chitosan complex nanoparticles elicit neuroprotection potentials in rat brains via antioxidant effect. Drug development and industrial pharmacy. 2021 May; 47(5):735-740. doi: 10.1080/03639045.2021.1934861. [PMID: 34032549]
  • Shikha Lohan, Teenu Sharma, Sumant Saini, Rajan Swami, Dinesh Dhull, Sarwar Beg, Kaisar Raza, Anil Kumar, Bhupinder Singh. QbD-steered development of mixed nanomicelles of galantamine: Demonstration of enhanced brain uptake, prolonged systemic retention and improved biopharmaceutical attributes. International journal of pharmaceutics. 2021 May; 600(?):120482. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120482. [PMID: 33737096]
  • Ferdausi Aleya, Chang Xianmin, Hall Anthony, Jones Meriel. Relative expression of putative genes involved in galanthamine and other Amaryllidaceae alkaloids biosynthesis in Narcissus field and in vitro tissues. Gene. 2021 Mar; 774(?):145424. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145424. [PMID: 33434626]
  • Rumyana Simeonova, Dimitrina Zheleva, Iva Valkova, Georgi Stavrakov, Irena Philipova, Mariyana Atanasova, Irini Doytchinova. A Novel Galantamine-Curcumin Hybrid as a Potential Multi-Target Agent against Neurodegenerative Disorders. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 2021 Mar; 26(7):. doi: 10.3390/molecules26071865. [PMID: 33806197]
  • Eman Shawky, Samah M El Sohafy, Jean Paulo de Andrade, Warley de Souza Borges. Profiling of acetylcholinesterase inhibitory alkaloids from some Crinum, Habranthus and Zephyranthes species by GC-MS combined with multivariate analyses and in silico studies. Natural product research. 2021 Mar; 35(5):807-814. doi: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1598989. [PMID: 30990078]
  • M D Fraser, H E Vallin, J R T Davies, G E Rowlands, X Chang. Integrating Narcissus-derived galanthamine production into traditional upland farming systems. Scientific reports. 2021 01; 11(1):1389. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-81042-9. [PMID: 33446764]
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