Reaction Process: Reactome:R-SSC-1483213
Synthesis of PE related metabolites
find 11 related metabolites which is associated with chemical reaction(pathway) Synthesis of PE
H2O + PETA ⟶ CH3CHO + Pi + ammonia
Phosphoethanolamine
O-Phosphoethanolamine, also known as PEA, phosphorylethanolamine, colamine phosphoric acid or ethanolamine O-phosphate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phosphoethanolamines. Phosphoethanolamines are compounds containing a phosphate linked to the second carbon of an ethanolamine. O-Phosphoethanolamine is used in the biosynthesis of two different types of phospholipids: glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids. O-Phosphoethanolamine exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. Within humans, O-phosphoethanolamine participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, cytidine triphosphate and O-phosphoethanolamine can be converted into CDP-ethanolamine; which is mediated by the enzyme ethanolamine-phosphate cytidylyltransferase. In addition, O-phosphoethanolamine can be biosynthesized from ethanolamine; which is catalyzed by the enzyme choline/ethanolamine kinase. In humans, O-phosphoethanolamine is involved in phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis. O-phosphoethanolamine is also a product of the metabolism of sphingolipids. In particular, sphinglipids are metabolized in vivo to phosphorylethanolamine and a fatty aldehyde, generally palmitaldehyde. Both metabolites are ultimately converted to glycerophospholipids. The lipids are first phosphorylated by a kinase and then cleaved by the pyridoxal-dependent sphinganine-1-phosphate aldolase. Elevated urine levels of O-Phosphoethanolamine or PEA can be used to help in the diagnosis of Hypophosphatasia (HPP). Reference ranges for urinary PEA vary according to age and somewhat by diet, and follow a circadian rhythm. Outside of the human body, O-phosphoethanolamine has been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as oxheart cabbages, anises, shiitakes, abalones, and teffs. Phosphoryl-ethanolamine, also known as colamine phosphoric acid or ethanolamine phosphate, is a member of the class of compounds known as phosphoethanolamines. Phosphoethanolamines are compounds containing a phosphate linked to the second carbon of an ethanolamine. Phosphoryl-ethanolamine is soluble (in water) and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa). Phosphoryl-ethanolamine can be found in a number of food items such as pepper (capsicum), black salsify, cascade huckleberry, and redcurrant, which makes phosphoryl-ethanolamine a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Phosphoryl-ethanolamine can be found primarily in most biofluids, including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood, saliva, and feces. Phosphoryl-ethanolamine exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, phosphoryl-ethanolamine is involved in several metabolic pathways, some of which include phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis PE(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)), phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis PE(14:0/20:1(11Z)), phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis PE(20:2(11Z,14Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)), and phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis PE(22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/16:1(9Z)). Phosphoryl-ethanolamine is also involved in few metabolic disorders, which include fabry disease, gaucher disease, and krabbe disease. Moreover, phosphoryl-ethanolamine is found to be associated with traumatic brain injury. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. KEIO_ID E009 Phosphorylethanolamine is an endogenous metabolite. Phosphorylethanolamine is an endogenous metabolite.
Ethanolamine
Ethanolamine (MEA), also known as monoethanolamine, aminoethanol or glycinol, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 1,2-aminoalcohols (or simply aminoalcohols). These are organic compounds containing an alkyl chain with an amine group bound to the C1 atom and an alcohol group bound to the C2 atom. Ethanolamine is a colorless, viscous liquid with an odor reminiscent of ammonia. In pharmaceutical formulations, ethanolamine is used primarily for buffering or preparation of emulsions. Ethanolamine can also be used as pH regulator in cosmetics. Biologically, ethanolamine is an initial precursor for the biosynthesis of two primary phospholipid classes, phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). In this regard, ethanolamine is the second-most-abundant head group for phospholipids. Ethanolamine serves as a precursor for a variety of N-acylethanolamines (NAEs). These are molecules that modulate several animal and plant physiological processes such as seed germination, plant–pathogen interactions, chloroplast development and flowering (PMID: 30190434). Ethanolamine, when combined with arachidonic acid (C20H32O2; 20:4, ω-6), can also form the endocannabinoid anandamide. Ethanolamine can be converted to phosphoethanolamine via the enzyme known as ethanolamine kinase. the two substrates of this enzyme are ATP and ethanolamine, whereas its two products are ADP and O-phosphoethanolamine. In most plants ethanolamine is biosynthesized by decarboxylation of serine via a pyridoxal 5-phosphate-dependent l-serine decarboxylase (SDC). Ethanolamine exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. Ethanolamine has been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as narrowleaf cattails, mung beans, blackcurrants, white cabbages, and bilberries. Ethanolamine, also known as aminoethanol or beta-aminoethyl alcohol, is a member of the class of compounds known as 1,2-aminoalcohols. 1,2-aminoalcohols are organic compounds containing an alkyl chain with an amine group bound to the C1 atom and an alcohol group bound to the C2 atom. Ethanolamine is soluble (in water) and an extremely weak acidic compound (based on its pKa). Ethanolamine can be found in a number of food items such as daikon radish, caraway, muscadine grape, and lemon grass, which makes ethanolamine a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Ethanolamine can be found primarily in most biofluids, including urine, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), feces, and saliva, as well as throughout most human tissues. Ethanolamine exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, ethanolamine is involved in several metabolic pathways, some of which include phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)), phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)), phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:0), and phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis PE(11D5/9M5). Moreover, ethanolamine is found to be associated with maple syrup urine disease and propionic acidemia. Ethanolamine is a non-carcinogenic (not listed by IARC) potentially toxic compound. Ethanolamine, also called 2-aminoethanol or monoethanolamine (often abbreviated as ETA or MEA), is an organic chemical compound with the formula HOCH2CH2NH2. The molecule is both a primary amine and a primary alcohol (due to a hydroxyl group). Ethanolamine is a colorless, viscous liquid with an odor reminiscent to that of ammonia. Its derivatives are widespread in nature; e.g., lipids . C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C29578 - Histamine-1 Receptor Antagonist KEIO_ID E023
Water
Water is a chemical substance that is essential to all known forms of life. It appears colorless to the naked eye in small quantities, though it is actually slightly blue in color. It covers 71\\% of Earths surface. Current estimates suggest that there are 1.4 billion cubic kilometers (330 million m3) of it available on Earth, and it exists in many forms. It appears mostly in the oceans (saltwater) and polar ice caps, but it is also present as clouds, rain water, rivers, freshwater aquifers, lakes, and sea ice. Water in these bodies perpetually moves through a cycle of evaporation, precipitation, and runoff to the sea. Clean water is essential to human life. In many parts of the world, it is in short supply. From a biological standpoint, water has many distinct properties that are critical for the proliferation of life that set it apart from other substances. It carries out this role by allowing organic compounds to react in ways that ultimately allow replication. All known forms of life depend on water. Water is vital both as a solvent in which many of the bodys solutes dissolve and as an essential part of many metabolic processes within the body. Metabolism is the sum total of anabolism and catabolism. In anabolism, water is removed from molecules (through energy requiring enzymatic chemical reactions) in order to grow larger molecules (e.g. starches, triglycerides and proteins for storage of fuels and information). In catabolism, water is used to break bonds in order to generate smaller molecules (e.g. glucose, fatty acids and amino acids to be used for fuels for energy use or other purposes). Water is thus essential and central to these metabolic processes. Water is also central to photosynthesis and respiration. Photosynthetic cells use the suns energy to split off waters hydrogen from oxygen. Hydrogen is combined with CO2 (absorbed from air or water) to form glucose and release oxygen. All living cells use such fuels and oxidize the hydrogen and carbon to capture the suns energy and reform water and CO2 in the process (cellular respiration). Water is also central to acid-base neutrality and enzyme function. An acid, a hydrogen ion (H+, that is, a proton) donor, can be neutralized by a base, a proton acceptor such as hydroxide ion (OH-) to form water. Water is considered to be neutral, with a pH (the negative log of the hydrogen ion concentration) of 7. Acids have pH values less than 7 while bases have values greater than 7. Stomach acid (HCl) is useful to digestion. However, its corrosive effect on the esophagus during reflux can temporarily be neutralized by ingestion of a base such as aluminum hydroxide to produce the neutral molecules water and the salt aluminum chloride. Human biochemistry that involves enzymes usually performs optimally around a biologically neutral pH of 7.4. (Wikipedia). Water, also known as purified water or dihydrogen oxide, is a member of the class of compounds known as homogeneous other non-metal compounds. Homogeneous other non-metal compounds are inorganic non-metallic compounds in which the largest atom belongs to the class of other nonmetals. Water can be found in a number of food items such as caraway, oxheart cabbage, alaska wild rhubarb, and japanese walnut, which makes water a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Water can be found primarily in most biofluids, including ascites Fluid, blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and lymph, as well as throughout all human tissues. Water exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, water is involved in several metabolic pathways, some of which include cardiolipin biosynthesis CL(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/18:0/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)), cardiolipin biosynthesis cl(i-13:0/i-15:0/i-20:0/i-24:0), cardiolipin biosynthesis CL(18:0/18:0/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)), and cardiolipin biosynthesis cl(a-13:0/i-18:0/i-13:0/i-19:0). Water is also involved in several metabolic disorders, some of which include de novo triacylglycerol biosynthesis tg(i-21:0/i-13:0/21:0), de novo triacylglycerol biosynthesis tg(22:0/20:0/i-20:0), de novo triacylglycerol biosynthesis tg(a-21:0/i-20:0/i-14:0), and de novo triacylglycerol biosynthesis tg(i-21:0/a-17:0/i-12:0). Water is a drug which is used for diluting or dissolving drugs for intravenous, intramuscular or subcutaneous injection, according to instructions of the manufacturer of the drug to be administered [fda label]. Water plays an important role in the world economy. Approximately 70\\% of the freshwater used by humans goes to agriculture. Fishing in salt and fresh water bodies is a major source of food for many parts of the world. Much of long-distance trade of commodities (such as oil and natural gas) and manufactured products is transported by boats through seas, rivers, lakes, and canals. Large quantities of water, ice, and steam are used for cooling and heating, in industry and homes. Water is an excellent solvent for a wide variety of chemical substances; as such it is widely used in industrial processes, and in cooking and washing. Water is also central to many sports and other forms of entertainment, such as swimming, pleasure boating, boat racing, surfing, sport fishing, and diving .
ammonia
An azane that consists of a single nitrogen atom covelently bonded to three hydrogen atoms. Ammonia, also known as nh3 or ammonia solution, is a member of the class of compounds known as homogeneous other non-metal compounds. Homogeneous other non-metal compounds are inorganic non-metallic compounds in which the largest atom belongs to the class of other nonmetals. Ammonia can be found in a number of food items such as rose hip, yardlong bean, cereals and cereal products, and ceylon cinnamon, which makes ammonia a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Ammonia can be found primarily in blood, cellular cytoplasm, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and urine, as well as throughout all human tissues. Ammonia exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. In humans, ammonia is involved in several metabolic pathways, some of which include glucose-alanine cycle, phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolism, homocysteine degradation, and d-arginine and d-ornithine metabolism. Ammonia is also involved in several metabolic disorders, some of which include ureidopropionase deficiency, hyperornithinemia-hyperammonemia-homocitrullinuria [hhh-syndrome], non ketotic hyperglycinemia, and beta-mercaptolactate-cysteine disulfiduria. Moreover, ammonia is found to be associated with 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency, 3-Methyl-crotonyl-glycinuria, citrullinemia type I, and short bowel syndrome. Ammonia is a non-carcinogenic (not listed by IARC) potentially toxic compound. Ammonia or azane is a compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with the formula NH3. The simplest pnictogen hydride, ammonia is a colourless gas with a characteristic pungent smell. It is a common nitrogenous waste, particularly among aquatic organisms, and it contributes significantly to the nutritional needs of terrestrial organisms by serving as a precursor to food and fertilizers. Ammonia, either directly or indirectly, is also a building block for the synthesis of many pharmaceutical products and is used in many commercial cleaning products . Acute Exposure: EYES: irrigate opened eyes for several minutes under running water. INGESTION: do not induce vomiting. Rinse mouth with water (never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person). Seek immediate medical advice. SKIN: should be treated immediately by rinsing the affected parts in cold running water for at least 15 minutes, followed by thorough washing with soap and water. If necessary, the person should shower and change contaminated clothing and shoes, and then must seek medical attention. INHALATION: supply fresh air. If required provide artificial respiration. (z)-n-coumaroyl-5-hydroxyanthranilic acid is a member of the class of compounds known as avenanthramides. Avenanthramides are a group of phenolic alkaloids consisting of conjugate of three phenylpropanoids (ferulic, caffeic, or p-coumaric acid) and anthranilic acid (z)-n-coumaroyl-5-hydroxyanthranilic acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). (z)-n-coumaroyl-5-hydroxyanthranilic acid can be found in cereals and cereal products and oat, which makes (z)-n-coumaroyl-5-hydroxyanthranilic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.
Acetaldehyde
Acetaldehyde, also known as ethanal, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as short-chain aldehydes. These are an aldehyde with a chain length containing between 2 and 5 carbon atoms. Acetaldehyde exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. Within humans, acetaldehyde participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, acetaldehyde can be biosynthesized from ethanol which is mediated by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase 1B. Acetaldehyde can also be converted to acetic acid by the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase (mitochondrial) and aldehyde dehydrogenase X (mitochondrial). The main method of production is the oxidation of ethylene by the Wacker process, which involves oxidation of ethylene using a homogeneous palladium/copper system: 2 CH2CH2 + O2 → 2 CH3CHO. In the 1970s, the world capacity of the Wacker-Hoechst direct oxidation process exceeded 2 million tonnes annually. In humans, acetaldehyde is involved in disulfiram action pathway. Acetaldehyde is an aldehydic, ethereal, and fruity tasting compound. Outside of the human body, acetaldehyde is found, on average, in the highest concentration in a few different foods, such as sweet oranges, pineapples, and mandarin orange (clementine, tangerine) and in a lower concentration in . acetaldehyde has also been detected, but not quantified in several different foods, such as malabar plums, malus (crab apple), rose hips, natal plums, and medlars. This could make acetaldehyde a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. In condensation reactions, acetaldehyde is prochiral. Acetaldehyde is formally rated as a possible carcinogen (by IARC 2B) and is also a potentially toxic compound. Acetaldehyde has been found to be associated with several diseases such as alcoholism, ulcerative colitis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and crohns disease; also acetaldehyde has been linked to the inborn metabolic disorders including aldehyde dehydrogenase deficiency (III) sulfate is used to reoxidize the mercury back to the mercury. Acetaldehyde was first observed by the Swedish pharmacist/chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele (1774); it was then investigated by the French chemists Antoine François, comte de Fourcroy and Louis Nicolas Vauquelin (1800), and the German chemists Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner (1821, 1822, 1832) and Justus von Liebig (1835). At room temperature, acetaldehyde (CH3CHO) is more stable than vinyl alcohol (CH2CHOH) by 42.7 kJ/mol: Overall the keto-enol tautomerization occurs slowly but is catalyzed by acids. The level at which an average consumer could detect acetaldehyde is still considerably lower than any toxicity. Pathways of exposure include air, water, land, or groundwater, as well as drink and smoke. Acetaldehyde is also created by thermal degradation or ultraviolet photo-degradation of some thermoplastic polymers during or after manufacture. The water industry generally recognizes 20–40 ppb as the taste/odor threshold for acetaldehyde. The level at which an average consumer could detect acetaldehyde is still considerably lower than any toxicity. Flavouring agent and adjuvant used to impart orange, apple and butter flavours; component of food flavourings added to milk products, baked goods, fruit juices, candy, desserts and soft drinks [DFC]
[Hydroxy(oxido)phosphoryl] phosphate
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[[[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-oxidophosphoryl]oxy-oxidophosphoryl] phosphate
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Adenosine-diphosphate
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CDP-ethanolamine(1-)
C11H19N4O11P2- (445.05255439999996)
Conjugate base of CDP-ethanolamine arising from deprotonation of the phosphate OH groups and protonation of the amino group; major species at pH 7.3. COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS