Reaction Process: Reactome:R-SCE-390247
Beta-oxidation of very long chain fatty acids related metabolites
find 5 related metabolites which is associated with chemical reaction(pathway) Beta-oxidation of very long chain fatty acids
H+ + LCtE-CoA + TPNH ⟶ TPN + t3enoyl-CoA
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
NADPH is the reduced form of NADP+, and NADP+ is the oxidized form of NADPH. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) is a coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5-phosphate (NMN) coupled with a pyrophosphate linkage to 5-phosphate adenosine 2,5-bisphosphate. NADP serves as an electron carrier in a number of reactions, being alternately oxidized (NADP+) and reduced (NADPH). NADP is formed through the addition of a phosphate group to the 2 position of the adenosyl nucleotide through an ester linkage (Dorland, 27th ed). This extra phosphate is added by the enzyme NAD+ kinase and removed via NADP+ phosphatase. NADP is also known as TPN (triphosphopyridine nucleotide) and it is an important cofactor used in anabolic reactions in all forms of cellular life. Examples include the Calvin cycle, cholesterol synthesis, fatty acid elongation, and nucleic acid synthesis (Wikipedia). Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5-phosphate (NMN) coupled by pyrophosphate linkage to the 5-phosphate adenosine 2,5-bisphosphate. It serves as an electron carrier in a number of reactions, being alternately oxidized (NADP+) and reduced (NADPH). (Dorland, 27th ed.) [HMDB]. NADPH is found in many foods, some of which are american pokeweed, rice, ginseng, and ostrich fern. COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
NADP+
[C21H29N7O17P3]+ (744.0832754)
[Spectral] NADP+ (exact mass = 743.07545) and NAD+ (exact mass = 663.10912) were not completely separated on HPLC under the present analytical conditions as described in AC$XXX. Additionally some of the peaks in this data contains dimers and other unidentified ions. COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS
S-2-Octenoyl CoA
S-2-Octenoyl coenzyme A is an intermediate metabolite of fatty acid metabolism. Mitochondrial beta-oxidation of saturated acyl-CoA esters proceeds by a repeated cycle of four concerted reactions: flavoprotein-linked dehydrogenation, hydration, NAD-linked dehydrogenation and thiolysis. The three chain-length-specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenases which catalyse the first dehydrogenation step are linked to the respiratory chain by the electron-transferring flavoprotein (ETF) and ETF: ubiquinone oxidoreductase (ETF: QO). The second dehydrogenation step is catalysed by two chain-length-specific NAD+-dependent 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenases. The control of beta-oxidation in the mitochondrial matrix occurs at several steps and depends on the redox state and the rate of recycling of CoA. The rate is lowered with reduced states, since high NAD+/NADH ratios impair the activity of the hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase and increase the formation of ETF semiquinone (ETFSq), which is a potent inhibitor of the acyl-CoA dehydrogenases. These changes affect the steady-state concentrations of acyl-CoA intermediates, which in turn may change the control strength of other enzymes of the pathway. In liver mitochondria, acetyl-CoA produced by each cycle of beta-oxidation has four major routes of disposal: ketogenesis, oxidation by the citrate cycle, conversion into acetylcarnitine or hydrolysis to acetate; each of these reactions generates free CoA. During maximum flux through beta-oxidation, up to 95 \\% of the mitochondrial CoA pool is acylated, and thus the rate of recycling of CoA may partly control beta-oxidation. Increased steady-state concentrations of some acyl-CoA esters may also occur when one or more of the enzymes of beta-oxidation is inhibited, as in hypoglycin poisoning, or where one or more of the enzymes of the pathway is absent. Such inborn errors of beta-oxidation are being increasingly recognized as important causes of disease, especially in children, and deficiencies of long-chain-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, medium-chain-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, short-chain-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, ETF, ETF: QO and acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase have been described. (PMID: 2818568).
Hydrogen Ion
Hydrogen ion, also known as proton or h+, is a member of the class of compounds known as other non-metal hydrides. Other non-metal hydrides are inorganic compounds in which the heaviest atom bonded to a hydrogen atom is belongs to the class of other non-metals. Hydrogen ion can be found in a number of food items such as lowbush blueberry, groundcherry, parsley, and tarragon, which makes hydrogen ion a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Hydrogen ion exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, hydrogen ion is involved in several metabolic pathways, some of which include cardiolipin biosynthesis cl(i-13:0/a-25:0/a-21:0/i-15:0), cardiolipin biosynthesis cl(a-13:0/a-17:0/i-13:0/a-25:0), cardiolipin biosynthesis cl(i-12:0/i-13:0/a-17:0/a-15:0), and cardiolipin biosynthesis CL(16:1(9Z)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/18:1(11Z)/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)). Hydrogen ion is also involved in several metabolic disorders, some of which include de novo triacylglycerol biosynthesis TG(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)), de novo triacylglycerol biosynthesis TG(18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:0/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)), de novo triacylglycerol biosynthesis TG(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)), and de novo triacylglycerol biosynthesis TG(24:0/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/24:0). A hydrogen ion is created when a hydrogen atom loses or gains an electron. A positively charged hydrogen ion (or proton) can readily combine with other particles and therefore is only seen isolated when it is in a gaseous state or a nearly particle-free space. Due to its extremely high charge density of approximately 2×1010 times that of a sodium ion, the bare hydrogen ion cannot exist freely in solution as it readily hydrates, i.e., bonds quickly. The hydrogen ion is recommended by IUPAC as a general term for all ions of hydrogen and its isotopes. Depending on the charge of the ion, two different classes can be distinguished: positively charged ions and negatively charged ions . Hydrogen ion is recommended by IUPAC as a general term for all ions of hydrogen and its isotopes. Depending on the charge of the ion, two different classes can be distinguished: positively charged ions and negatively charged ions. Under aqueous conditions found in biochemistry, hydrogen ions exist as the hydrated form hydronium, H3O+, but these are often still referred to as hydrogen ions or even protons by biochemists. [Wikipedia])
cis-3-octenoyl-CoA
An unsaturated fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of cis-3-octenoic acid.