NCBI Taxonomy: 83541
Mastigocladus laminosus (ncbi_taxid: 83541)
found 3 associated metabolites at species taxonomy rank level.
Ancestor: Mastigocladus
Child Taxonomies: Mastigocladus laminosus W7C, Mastigocladus laminosus B2B, Mastigocladus laminosus B2D, Mastigocladus laminosus B6A, Mastigocladus laminosus B3A, Mastigocladus laminosus B4B, Mastigocladus laminosus B3D, Mastigocladus laminosus W1C, Mastigocladus laminosus B2C, Mastigocladus laminosus W529, Mastigocladus laminosus CG22, Mastigocladus laminosus W532, Mastigocladus laminosus W556, Mastigocladus laminosus W558, Mastigocladus laminosus W113, Mastigocladus laminosus W172, Mastigocladus laminosus W262, Mastigocladus laminosus W266, Mastigocladus laminosus W277, Mastigocladus laminosus W281, Mastigocladus laminosus W293, Mastigocladus laminosus W311, Mastigocladus laminosus W325, Mastigocladus laminosus W326, Mastigocladus laminosus W328, Mastigocladus laminosus W413, Mastigocladus laminosus W414, Mastigocladus laminosus W417, Mastigocladus laminosus W438, Mastigocladus laminosus W442, Mastigocladus laminosus W459, Mastigocladus laminosus W525, Mastigocladus laminosus W536, Mastigocladus laminosus W541, Mastigocladus laminosus W553, Mastigocladus laminosus W554, Mastigocladus laminosus W17C, Mastigocladus laminosus W555, Mastigocladus laminosus W559, Mastigocladus laminosus W16C, Mastigocladus laminosus B15A, Mastigocladus laminosus B13B, Mastigocladus laminosus B12A, Mastigocladus laminosus W25B, Mastigocladus laminosus W15C, Mastigocladus laminosus W23B, Mastigocladus laminosus W17B, Mastigocladus laminosus W13D, Mastigocladus laminosus W11D, Mastigocladus laminosus 0423, Mastigocladus laminosus 0421, Mastigocladus laminosus W111, Mastigocladus laminosus W112, Mastigocladus laminosus W114, Mastigocladus laminosus W116, Mastigocladus laminosus W118, Mastigocladus laminosus W119, Mastigocladus laminosus W155, Mastigocladus laminosus W156, Mastigocladus laminosus W157, Mastigocladus laminosus W213, Mastigocladus laminosus W218, Mastigocladus laminosus W226, Mastigocladus laminosus W232, Mastigocladus laminosus W241, Mastigocladus laminosus W245, Mastigocladus laminosus W246, Mastigocladus laminosus W247, Mastigocladus laminosus W249, Mastigocladus laminosus W312, Mastigocladus laminosus W313, Mastigocladus laminosus W318, Mastigocladus laminosus W321, Mastigocladus laminosus W322, Mastigocladus laminosus W323, Mastigocladus laminosus W327, Mastigocladus laminosus W334, Mastigocladus laminosus W344, Mastigocladus laminosus W347, Mastigocladus laminosus W348, Mastigocladus laminosus W354, Mastigocladus laminosus W357, Mastigocladus laminosus W411, Mastigocladus laminosus W412, Mastigocladus laminosus W416, Mastigocladus laminosus W422, Mastigocladus laminosus W428, Mastigocladus laminosus W429, Mastigocladus laminosus W431, Mastigocladus laminosus W433, Mastigocladus laminosus W435, Mastigocladus laminosus W436, Mastigocladus laminosus W444, Mastigocladus laminosus W447, Mastigocladus laminosus W449, Mastigocladus laminosus W457, Mastigocladus laminosus W511, Mastigocladus laminosus W512, Mastigocladus laminosus W515, Mastigocladus laminosus W517, Mastigocladus laminosus W518, Mastigocladus laminosus W519, Mastigocladus laminosus W522, Mastigocladus laminosus W523, Mastigocladus laminosus W524, Mastigocladus laminosus W526, Mastigocladus laminosus W528, Mastigocladus laminosus W531, Mastigocladus laminosus W539, Mastigocladus laminosus W543, Mastigocladus laminosus W552, Mastigocladus laminosus W135, Mastigocladus laminosus W341, Mastigocladus laminosus W352, Mastigocladus laminosus W451, Mastigocladus laminosus W455, Mastigocladus laminosus W527, Mastigocladus laminosus WC247, Mastigocladus laminosus WC326, Mastigocladus laminosus WC334, Mastigocladus laminosus WC343, Mastigocladus laminosus WC434, Mastigocladus laminosus WC438, Mastigocladus laminosus WC531, Mastigocladus laminosus WC534, Mastigocladus laminosus WC536, Mastigocladus laminosus W1107, Mastigocladus laminosus WC555, Mastigocladus laminosus W1710, Mastigocladus laminosus W2910, Mastigocladus laminosus W5210, Mastigocladus laminosus WC117, Mastigocladus laminosus WC242, Mastigocladus laminosus WC323, Mastigocladus laminosus WC551, Mastigocladus laminosus WC552, Mastigocladus laminosus WC553, Mastigocladus laminosus WC554, Mastigocladus laminosus WC556, Mastigocladus laminosus Ind29, Mastigocladus laminosus W1110, Mastigocladus laminosus W2110, Mastigocladus laminosus W3110, Mastigocladus laminosus UU774, Mastigocladus laminosus W4110, Mastigocladus laminosus W4510, Mastigocladus laminosus WC111, Mastigocladus laminosus WC112, Mastigocladus laminosus WC172, Mastigocladus laminosus ARAS16, Mastigocladus laminosus WC2410, Mastigocladus laminosus WC5410, Mastigocladus laminosus NTMS03, Mastigocladus laminosus NQAIF328, Mastigocladus laminosus SAG 4.84, Mastigocladus laminosus CCMEE 5327, Mastigocladus laminosus CCMEE 5328, Mastigocladus laminosus CCMEE 5337, Mastigocladus laminosus CCMEE 5320, Mastigocladus laminosus CCMEE 5273, Mastigocladus laminosus CCMEE 5198, Mastigocladus laminosus CCMEE 5186, Mastigocladus laminosus CCMEE 5335, Mastigocladus laminosus CCMEE 5281, Mastigocladus laminosus CCMEE 5282, Mastigocladus laminosus CCMEE 5193, Mastigocladus laminosus CCMEE 5201, Mastigocladus laminosus CCMEE 5202, Mastigocladus laminosus CCMEE 5203, Mastigocladus laminosus CCMEE 5323, Mastigocladus laminosus CCMEE 5321, Mastigocladus laminosus CCMEE 5324, Mastigocladus laminosus CCMEE 5326, Mastigocladus laminosus CCMEE 5272, Mastigocladus laminosus CCMEE 5332, Mastigocladus laminosus CCMEE 5192, Mastigocladus laminosus CCMEE 5204, Mastigocladus laminosus CCMEE 5205, Mastigocladus laminosus CCMEE 5379, Mastigocladus laminosus CCMEE 5380, Mastigocladus laminosus CCMEE 5268, Mastigocladus laminosus CCMEE 5319, Mastigocladus laminosus CCMEE 5267, Mastigocladus laminosus CCMEE 5318, Mastigocladus laminosus CCMEE 5329, Mastigocladus laminosus CCMEE 5331, Mastigocladus laminosus CCMEE 5207, Mastigocladus laminosus CCMEE 5208, Mastigocladus laminosus Greenland_8, Mastigocladus laminosus CCAP 1447/3, Mastigocladus laminosus UTEX LB 1931, Mastigocladus laminosus PUPCCC 515.6, Mastigocladus laminosus Kovacik 1987/7B
Zeaxanthin
Zeaxanthin is a carotenoid xanthophyll and is one of the most common carotenoid found in nature. It is the pigment that gives corn, saffron, and many other plants their characteristic color. Zeaxanthin breaks down to form picrocrocin and safranal, which are responsible for the taste and aroma of saffron Carotenoids are among the most common pigments in nature and are natural lipid soluble antioxidants. Zeaxanthin is one of the two carotenoids (the other is lutein) that accumulate in the eye lens and macular region of the retina with concentrations in the macula greater than those found in plasma and other tissues. Lutein and zeaxanthin have identical chemical formulas and are isomers, but they are not stereoisomers. The main difference between them is in the location of a double bond in one of the end rings. This difference gives lutein three chiral centers whereas zeaxanthin has two. A relationship between macular pigment optical density, a marker of lutein and zeaxanthin concentration in the macula, and lens optical density, an antecedent of cataractous changes, has been suggested. The xanthophylls may act to protect the eye from ultraviolet phototoxicity via quenching reactive oxygen species and/or other mechanisms. Some observational studies have shown that generous intakes of lutein and zeaxanthin, particularly from certain xanthophyll-rich foods like spinach, broccoli and eggs, are associated with a significant reduction in the risk for cataract (up to 20\\%) and for age-related macular degeneration (up to 40\\%). While the pathophysiology of cataract and age-related macular degeneration is complex and contains both environmental and genetic components, research studies suggest dietary factors including antioxidant vitamins and xanthophylls may contribute to a reduction in the risk of these degenerative eye diseases. Further research is necessary to confirm these observations. (PMID: 11023002). Zeaxanthin has been found to be a microbial metabolite, it can be produced by Algibacter, Aquibacter, Escherichia, Flavobacterium, Formosa, Gramella, Hyunsoonleella, Kordia, Mesoflavibacter, Muricauda, Nubsella, Paracoccus, Siansivirga, Sphingomonas, Zeaxanthinibacter and yeast (https://reader.elsevier.com/reader/sd/pii/S0924224417302571?token=DE6BC6CC7DCDEA6150497AA3E375097A00F8E0C12AE03A8E420D85D1AC8855E62103143B5AE0B57E9C5828671F226801). It is a marker for the activity of Bacillus subtilis and/or Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the intestine. Higher levels are associated with higher levels of Bacillus or Pseudomonas. (PMID: 17555270; PMID: 12147474) Zeaxanthin is a carotenol. It has a role as a bacterial metabolite, a cofactor and an antioxidant. It derives from a hydride of a beta-carotene. Zeaxanthin is a most common carotenoid alcohols found in nature that is involved in the xanthophyll cycle. As a coexistent isomer of lutein, zeaxanthin is synthesized in plants and some micro-organisms. It gives the distinct yellow color to many vegetables and other plants including paprika, corn, saffron and wolfberries. Zeaxanthin is one of the two primary xanthophyll carotenoids contained within the retina of the eye and plays a predominant component in the central macula. It is available as a dietary supplement for eye health benefits and potential prevention of age-related macular degeneration. Zeaxanthin is also added as a food dye. Zeaxanthin is a natural product found in Bangia fuscopurpurea, Erythrobacter longus, and other organisms with data available. Carotenoids found in fruits and vegetables. Zeaxanthin accumulates in the MACULA LUTEA. See also: Saffron (part of); Corn (part of); Lycium barbarum fruit (part of). D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids
echinenone
A carotenone that is beta-carotene in which the 4 position has undergone formal oxidation to afford the corresponding ketone. Isolated as orange-red crystals, it is widely distributed in marine invertebrates. D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids Window width for selecting the precursor ion was 3 Da.; This record was created by the financial support of MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 16HP2005 to the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan.
Zeaxanthin
Meso-zeaxanthin (3R,3´S-zeaxanthin) is a xanthophyll carotenoid, as it contains oxygen and hydrocarbons, and is one of the three stereoisomers of zeaxanthin. Of the three stereoisomers, meso-zeaxanthin is the second most abundant in nature after 3R,3´R-zeaxanthin, which is produced by plants and algae. To date, meso-zeaxanthin has been identified in specific tissues of marine organisms and in the macula lutea, also known as the "yellow spot", of the human retina . Meso-zeaxanthin is a member of the class of compounds known as xanthophylls. Xanthophylls are carotenoids containing an oxygenated carotene backbone. Carotenes are characterized by the presence of two end-groups (mostly cyclohexene rings, but also cyclopentene rings or acyclic groups) linked by a long branched alkyl chain. Carotenes belonging form a subgroup of the carotenoids family. Xanthophylls arise by oxygenation of the carotene backbone. Meso-zeaxanthin is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak acidic compound (based on its pKa). Meso-zeaxanthin can be found in channel catfish, crustaceans, and fishes, which makes meso-zeaxanthin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. D020011 - Protective Agents > D000975 - Antioxidants > D002338 - Carotenoids Window width for selecting the precursor ion was 3 Da.; This record was created by the financial support of MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 16HP2005 to the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan.
