NCBI Taxonomy: 621229

Protohermes grandis (ncbi_taxid: 621229)

found 28 associated metabolites at species taxonomy rank level.

Ancestor: Protohermes

Child Taxonomies: none taxonomy data.

Trehalose

(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-{[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}oxane-3,4,5-triol

C12H22O11 (342.11620619999997)


Trehalose, also known as mycose, is a 1-alpha (disaccharide) sugar found extensively but not abundantly in nature. It is thought to be implicated in anhydrobiosis - the ability of plants and animals to withstand prolonged periods of desiccation. The sugar is thought to form a gel phase as cells dehydrate, which prevents disruption of internal cell organelles by effectively splinting them in position. Rehydration then allows normal cellular activity to be resumed without the major, generally lethal damage that would normally follow a dehydration/reyhdration cycle. Trehalose is a non-reducing sugar formed from two glucose units joined by a 1-1 alpha bond giving it the name of alpha-D-glucopyranoglucopyranosyl-1,1-alpha-D-glucopyranoside. The bonding makes trehalose very resistant to acid hydrolysis, and therefore stable in solution at high temperatures even under acidic conditions. The bonding also keeps non-reducing sugars in closed-ring form, such that the aldehyde or ketone end-groups do not bind to the lysine or arginine residues of proteins (a process called glycation). The enzyme trehalase, present but not abundant in most people, breaks it into two glucose molecules, which can then be readily absorbed in the gut. Trehalose is an important components of insects circulating fluid. It acts as a storage form of insect circulating fluid and it is important in respiration. Trehalose has also been found to be a metabolite of Burkholderia, Escherichia and Propionibacterium (PMID:12105274; PMID:25479689) (krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/bitstream/1/84382/1/88571\\\\%20P-1257.pdf). Alpha,alpha-trehalose is a trehalose in which both glucose residues have alpha-configuration at the anomeric carbon. It has a role as a human metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a mouse metabolite and a geroprotector. Cabaletta has been used in trials studying the treatment of Oculopharyngeal Muscular Dystrophy. Trehalose is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Trehalose is a natural product found in Cora pavonia, Selaginella nothohybrida, and other organisms with data available. Trehalose is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Occurs in fungi. EU and USA approved sweetener Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 149 D-(+)-Trehalose,which is widespread, can be used as a food ingredient and pharmaceutical excipient. D-(+)-Trehalose,which is widespread, can be used as a food ingredient and pharmaceutical excipient.

   

Pyroglutamic acid

(S)-(-)-gamma-Butyrolactam-gamma-carboxylic acid

C5H7NO3 (129.0425912)


Pyroglutamic acid (5-oxoproline) is a cyclized derivative of L-glutamic acid. It is an uncommon amino acid derivative in which the free amino group of glutamic acid cyclizes to form a lactam. It is formed nonenzymatically from glutamate, glutamine, and gamma-glutamylated peptides, but it can also be produced by the action of gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase on an L-amino acid. Elevated blood levels may be associated with problems of glutamine or glutathione metabolism. This compound is found in substantial amounts in brain tissue and other tissues in bound form, especially skin. It is also present in plant tissues. It is sold, over the counter, as a "smart drug" for improving blood circulation in the brain. Pyroglutamate in the urine is a biomarker for the consumption of cheese. When present in sufficiently high levels, pyroglutamic acid can act as an acidogen and a metabotoxin. An acidogen is an acidic compound that induces acidosis, which has multiple adverse effects on many organ systems. A metabotoxin is an endogenously produced metabolite that causes adverse health effects at chronically high levels. Chronically high levels of pyroglutamic acid are associated with at least five inborn errors of metabolism including 5-oxoprolinuria, 5-oxoprolinase deficiency, glutathione synthetase deficiency, hawkinsinuria, and propionic acidemia. Pyroglutamic acid is an organic acid. Abnormally high levels of organic acids in the blood (organic acidemia), urine (organic aciduria), the brain, and other tissues lead to general metabolic acidosis. Acidosis typically occurs when arterial pH falls below 7.35. In infants with acidosis, the initial symptoms include poor feeding, vomiting, loss of appetite, weak muscle tone (hypotonia), and lack of energy (lethargy). These can progress to heart, liver, and kidney abnormalities, seizures, coma, and possibly death. These are also the characteristic symptoms of the untreated IEMs mentioned above. Many affected children with organic acidemias experience intellectual disability or delayed development. In adults, acidosis or acidemia is characterized by headaches, confusion, feeling tired, tremors, sleepiness, and seizures. It has been shown that pyroglutamic acid releases GABA from the cerebral cortex and displays anti-anxiety effects in a simple approach-avoidance conflict situation in the rat. In clinical pharmacology experiments, pyroglutamic acid significantly shortens the plasma half-life of ethanol during acute intoxication. Found in vegetables, fruits and molasses. A cyclized derivative of L-glutamic acid. It is an uncommon amino acid derivative in which the free amino group of glutamic acid cyclizes to form a lactam. Pyroglutamate in the urine is a biomarker for the consumption of cheese C78276 - Agent Affecting Digestive System or Metabolism > C29703 - Antilipidemic Agent

   

L-5-Oxoproline

L-Pyroglutamic acid

C5H7NO3 (129.0425912)


C78276 - Agent Affecting Digestive System or Metabolism > C29703 - Antilipidemic Agent

   

Trehalose

D-(+)-Trehalose dihydrate,from Saccharomyces cerevisiae

C12H22O11 (342.11620619999997)


Trehalose, also known as alpha,alpha-trehalose or D-(+)-trehalose, is a member of the class of compounds known as O-glycosyl compounds. O-glycosyl compounds are glycoside in which a sugar group is bonded through one carbon to another group via a O-glycosidic bond. Trehalose is soluble (in water) and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Trehalose can be found in a number of food items such as european chestnut, chicory, wild celery, and shallot, which makes trehalose a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Trehalose can be found primarily in feces and urine, as well as throughout most human tissues. Trehalose exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, trehalose is involved in the trehalose degradation. Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported by the Max-Planck-Society D-(+)-Trehalose,which is widespread, can be used as a food ingredient and pharmaceutical excipient. D-(+)-Trehalose,which is widespread, can be used as a food ingredient and pharmaceutical excipient.

   

L-Pyroglutamicacid

L-Pyroglutamic acid

C5H7NO3 (129.0425912)


C78276 - Agent Affecting Digestive System or Metabolism > C29703 - Antilipidemic Agent

   

Pyroglutamic acid

L-Pyroglutamicacid

C5H7NO3 (129.0425912)


   

(3r,9r)-3,9-diamino-1,7-diazacyclododeca-1,7-diene-2,8-diol

(3r,9r)-3,9-diamino-1,7-diazacyclododeca-1,7-diene-2,8-diol

C10H20N4O2 (228.15861800000002)


   

3,9-diamino-1,7-diazacyclododeca-1,7-diene-2,8-diol

3,9-diamino-1,7-diazacyclododeca-1,7-diene-2,8-diol

C10H20N4O2 (228.15861800000002)