NCBI Taxonomy: 52310
Rudbeckia laciniata (ncbi_taxid: 52310)
found 50 associated metabolites at species taxonomy rank level.
Ancestor: Rudbeckia
Child Taxonomies: Rudbeckia laciniata var. laciniata
Coumarin
Coumarin appears as colorless crystals, flakes or colorless to white powder with a pleasant fragrant vanilla odor and a bitter aromatic burning taste. (NTP, 1992) Coumarin is a chromenone having the keto group located at the 2-position. It has a role as a fluorescent dye, a plant metabolite and a human metabolite. Coumarin is a natural product found in Eupatorium cannabinum, Eupatorium japonicum, and other organisms with data available. Coumarin is o hydroxycinnamic acid. Pleasant smelling compound found in many plants and released on wilting. Has anticoagulant activity by competing with Vitamin K. Coumarin is a chemical compound/poison found in many plants, notably in high concentration in the tonka bean, woodruff, and bison grass. It has a sweet scent, readily recognised as the scent of newly-mown hay. It has clinical value as the precursor for several anticoagulants, notably warfarin. --Wikipedia. Coumarins, as a class, are comprised of numerous naturally occurring benzo-alpha-pyrone compounds with important and diverse physiological activities. The parent compound, coumarin, occurs naturally in many plants, natural spices, and foods such as tonka bean, cassia (bastard cinnamon or Chinese cinnamon), cinnamon, melilot (sweet clover), green tea, peppermint, celery, bilberry, lavender, honey (derived both from sweet clover and lavender), and carrots, as well as in beer, tobacco, wine, and other foodstuffs. Coumarin concentrations in these plants, spices, and foods range from <1 mg/kg in celery, 7000 mg/kg in cinnamon, and up to 87,000 mg/kg in cassia. An estimate of human exposure to coumarin from the diet has been calculated to be 0.02 mg/kg/day. Coumarin is used as an additive in perfumes and fragranced consumer products at concentrations ranging from <0.5\\\\% to 6.4\\\\% in fine fragrances to <0.01\\\\% in detergents. An estimate for systemic exposure of humans from the use of fragranced cosmetic products is 0.04 mg/kg BW/day, assuming complete dermal penetration. The use of coumarin as a food additive was banned by the FDA in 1954 based on reports of hepatotoxicity in rats. Due to its potential hepatotoxic effects in humans, the European Commission restricted coumarin from naturals as a direct food additive to 2 mg/kg food/day, with exceptions granting higher levels for alcoholic beverages, caramel, chewing gum, and certain traditional foods. In addition to human exposure to coumarin from dietary sources and consumer products, coumarin is also used clinically as an antineoplastic and for the treatment of lymphedema and venous insufficiency. Exposure ranges from 11 mg/day for consumption of natural food ingredients to 7 g/day following clinical administration. Although adverse effects in humans following coumarin exposure are rare, and only associated with clinical doses, recent evidence indicates coumarin causes liver tumors in rats and mice and Clara cell toxicity and lung tumors in mice. The multiple effects as well as the ongoing human exposure to coumarin have resulted in a significant research effort focused on understanding the mechanism of coumarin induced toxicity/carcinogenicity and its human relevance. These investigations have revealed significant species differences in coumarin metabolism and toxicity such that the mechanism of coumarin induced effects in rodents, and the relevance of these findings for the safety assessment of coumarin exposure in humans are now better understood. In October 2004, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA, 2004) reviewed coumarin to establish a tolerable daily intake (TDI) in foods. EFSA issued an opinion indicating that coumarin is not genotoxic, and that a threshold approach to safety assessment was most appropriate. EFSA recommended a TDI of 0 to 0.1 mg/kg BW/day. Including dietary contributions, the total human exposure is estimated to be 0.06 mg/kg/day. As a pharmaceutical, coumarin has been used in diverse applications with a wide variety of dosing regimens. Unlike coumadin and ... Coumarin belongs to the class of chemicals known as chromenones. Specifically it is a chromenone having the keto group located at the 2-position. A chromenone is a benzene molecule with two adjacent hydrogen atoms replaced by a lactone-like chain forming a second six-membered heterocycle that shares two carbons with the benzene ring. Coumarin is also described as a benzopyrone and is considered as a lactone. Coumarin is a colorless crystalline solid with a bitter taste and sweet odor resembling the scent of vanilla or the scent of newly-mowed or recently cut hay. It is a chemical poison found in many plants where it may serve as a chemical defense against predators. Coumarin occurs naturally in many plants and foods such as the tonka bean, woodruff, bison grass, cassia (bastard cinnamon or Chinese cinnamon), cinnamon, melilot (sweet clover), green tea, peppermint, celery, bilberry, lavender, honey (derived both from sweet clover and lavender), and carrots, as well as in beer, tobacco, wine, and other foodstuffs. Coumarin concentrations in these plants, spices, and foods range from <1 mg/kg in celery, to 7000 mg/kg in cinnamon, and up to 87,000 mg/kg in cassia. An estimate of human exposure to coumarin from the diet has been calculated to be 0.02 mg/kg/day. Coumarin is used as an additive in perfumes and fragranced consumer products at concentrations ranging from <0.5\\\\% To 6.4\\\\% In fine fragrances to <0.01\\\\% In detergents. An estimate for systemic exposure of humans from the use of fragranced cosmetic products is 0.04 mg/kg BW/day, assuming complete dermal penetration. The use of coumarin as a food additive was banned by the FDA in 1954 based on reports of hepatotoxicity in rats. It has clinical value as the precursor for several anticoagulants, notably warfarin. Coumarins, as a class, are comprised of numerous naturally occurring benzo-alpha-pyrone compounds with important and diverse physiological activities. Due to its potential hepatotoxic effects in humans, the European Commission restricted coumarin from naturals as a direct food additive to 2 mg/kg food/day, with exceptions granting higher levels for alcoholic beverages, caramel, chewing gum, and certain traditional foods. In addition to human exposure to coumarin from dietary sources and consumer products, coumarin is also used clinically as an antineoplastic and for the treatment of lymphedema and venous insufficiency. Exposure ranges from 11 mg/day for consumption of natural food ingredients to 7 g/day following clinical administration. Although adverse effects in humans following coumarin exposure are rare, and only associated with clinical doses, recent evidence indicates coumarin causes liver tumors in rats and mice and Clara cell toxicity and lung tumors in mice. The multiple effects as well as the ongoing human exposure to coumarin have resulted in a significant research effort focused on understanding the mechanism of coumarin induced toxicity/carcinogenicity and its human relevance. These investigations have revealed significant species differences in coumarin metabolism and toxicity such that the mechanism of coumarin induced effects in rodents, and the relevance of these findings for the safety assessment of coumarin exposure in humans are now better understood. In October 2004, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA, 2004) reviewed coumarin to establish a tolerable daily intake (TDI) in foods. EFSA issued an opinion indicating that coumarin is not genotoxic, and that a threshold approach to safety assessment was most appropriate. EFSA recommended a TDI of 0 to 0.1 Mg/kg BW/day. Including dietary contributions, the total human exposure is estimated to be 0.06 Mg/kg/day. As a pharmaceutical, coumarin has been used in diverse applications with a wide variety of dosing regimens. Unlike coumadin and other coumarin derivatives, coumarin has no anti-coagulant activity. However, at low doses (typically 7 to 10 mg/day), coumarin has been used as a venotonic to promote... C78275 - Agent Affecting Blood or Body Fluid > C263 - Anticoagulant Agent A chromenone having the keto group located at the 2-position. COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS [Raw Data] CB013_Coumarin_pos_20eV_CB000008.txt [Raw Data] CB013_Coumarin_pos_30eV_CB000008.txt [Raw Data] CB013_Coumarin_pos_10eV_CB000008.txt [Raw Data] CB013_Coumarin_pos_50eV_CB000008.txt [Raw Data] CB013_Coumarin_pos_40eV_CB000008.txt Coumarin is the primary bioactive ingredient in Radix Glehniae, named Beishashen in China, which possesses many pharmacological activities, including anticancer, anti-inflammation and antivirus activities. Coumarin is the primary bioactive ingredient in Radix Glehniae, named Beishashen in China, which possesses many pharmacological activities, including anticancer, anti-inflammation and antivirus activities.
Protocatechuic acid
Protocatechuic acid, also known as protocatechuate or 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives. Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives are compounds containing a hydroxybenzoic acid (or a derivative), which is a benzene ring bearing a carboxyl and a hydroxyl groups. The enzyme protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase uses 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate and O2 to produce 3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate. Protocatechuic acid is a drug. In the analogous hardening of the cockroach ootheca, the phenolic substance concerned is protocatechuic acid. Protocatechuic acid is a mild, balsamic, and phenolic tasting compound. Outside of the human body, protocatechuic acid is found, on average, in the highest concentration in a few different foods, such as garden onions, cocoa powders, and star anises and in a lower concentration in lentils, liquors, and red raspberries. Protocatechuic acid has also been detected, but not quantified in several different foods, such as cloud ear fungus, american pokeweeds, common mushrooms, fruits, and feijoa. This could make protocatechuic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. It is also found in Allium cepa (17,540 ppm). It is a major metabolite of antioxidant polyphenols found in green tea. Similarly, PCA was reported to increase proliferation and inhibit apoptosis of neural stem cells. In vitro testing documented antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of PCA, while liver protection in vivo was measured by chemical markers and histological assessment. 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, also known as protocatechuic acid or 4-carboxy-1,2-dihydroxybenzene, belongs to hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives class of compounds. Those are compounds containing a hydroxybenzoic acid (or a derivative), which is a benzene ring bearing a carboxyl and a hydroxyl groups. 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid is soluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid can be synthesized from benzoic acid. 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid is also a parent compound for other transformation products, including but not limited to, methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate, ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate, and 1-(3,4-dihydroxybenzoyl)-beta-D-glucopyranose. 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid is a mild, balsamic, and phenolic tasting compound and can be found in a number of food items such as white mustard, grape wine, abalone, and asian pear, which makes 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid can be found primarily in blood, feces, and urine, as well as in human fibroblasts and testes tissues. 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. Protocatechuic acid (PCA) is a dihydroxybenzoic acid, a type of phenolic acid. It is a major metabolite of antioxidant polyphenols found in green tea. It has mixed effects on normal and cancer cells in in vitro and in vivo studies . 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid is a dihydroxybenzoic acid in which the hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 4. It has a role as a human xenobiotic metabolite, a plant metabolite, an antineoplastic agent, an EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor and an EC 1.14.11.2 (procollagen-proline dioxygenase) inhibitor. It is a member of catechols and a dihydroxybenzoic acid. It is functionally related to a benzoic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate. 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid is a natural product found in Visnea mocanera, Amomum subulatum, and other organisms with data available. Protocatechuic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. See also: Black Cohosh (part of); Vaccinium myrtillus Leaf (part of); Menyanthes trifoliata leaf (part of) ... View More ... A dihydroxybenzoic acid in which the hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 4. Protocatechuic acid. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=99-50-3 (retrieved 2024-06-29) (CAS RN: 99-50-3). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Protocatechuic acid is a phenolic compound which exhibits neuroprotective effect. Protocatechuic acid is a phenolic compound which exhibits neuroprotective effect.
Chlorogenic acid
Chlorogenic acid is a cinnamate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of trans-caffeic acid with the 3-hydroxy group of quinic acid. It is an intermediate metabolite in the biosynthesis of lignin. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a food component. It is a cinnamate ester and a tannin. It is functionally related to a (-)-quinic acid and a trans-caffeic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a chlorogenate. Chlorogenic Acid has been used in trials studying the treatment of Advanced Cancer and Impaired Glucose Tolerance. Chlorogenic Acid is a natural product found in Pavetta indica, Fragaria nipponica, and other organisms with data available. Chlorogenic Acid is a polyphenol and the ester of caffeic acid and quinic acid that is found in coffee and black tea, with potential antioxidant and chemopreventive activities. Chlorogenic acid scavenges free radicals, which inhibits DNA damage and may protect against the induction of carcinogenesis. In addition, this agent may upregulate the expression of genes involved in the activation of the immune system and enhances activation and proliferation of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, macrophages, and natural killer cells. Chlorogenic acid also inhibits the activity of matrix metalloproteinases. A naturally occurring phenolic acid which is a carcinogenic inhibitor. It has also been shown to prevent paraquat-induced oxidative stress in rats. (From J Chromatogr A 1996;741(2):223-31; Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 1996;60(5):765-68). See also: Arctium lappa Root (part of); Cynara scolymus leaf (part of); Lonicera japonica flower (part of) ... View More ... Chlorogenic acid is an ester of caffeic acid and quinic acid. Chlorogenic acid is the major polyphenolic compound in coffee, isolated from the leaves and fruits of dicotyledonous plants. This compound, long known as an antioxidant, also slows the release of glucose into the bloodstream after a meal. Coffee is a complex mixture of chemicals that provides significant amounts of chlorogenic acid. The chlorogenic acid content of a 200 ml (7-oz) cup of coffee has been reported to range from 70-350 mg, which would provide about 35-175 mg of caffeic acid. The results of epidemiological research suggest that coffee consumption may help prevent several chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, Parkinsons disease and liver disease (cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma). Most prospective cohort studies have not found coffee consumption to be associated with significantly increased cardiovascular disease risk. However, coffee consumption is associated with increases in several cardiovascular disease risk factors, including blood pressure and plasma homocysteine. At present, there is little evidence that coffee consumption increases the risk of cancer. (PMID:16507475, 17368041). A cinnamate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of trans-caffeic acid with the 3-hydroxy group of quinic acid. It is an intermediate metabolite in the biosynthesis of lignin. [Raw Data] CBA08_Chlorogenic-aci_pos_10eV_1-1_01_209.txt [Raw Data] CBA08_Chlorogenic-aci_neg_30eV_1-1_01_218.txt [Raw Data] CBA08_Chlorogenic-aci_neg_20eV_1-1_01_217.txt [Raw Data] CBA08_Chlorogenic-aci_pos_30eV_1-1_01_211.txt [Raw Data] CBA08_Chlorogenic-aci_neg_40eV_1-1_01_219.txt [Raw Data] CBA08_Chlorogenic-aci_pos_20eV_1-1_01_210.txt [Raw Data] CBA08_Chlorogenic-aci_pos_50eV_1-1_01_213.txt [Raw Data] CBA08_Chlorogenic-aci_neg_50eV_1-1_01_220.txt [Raw Data] CBA08_Chlorogenic-aci_neg_10eV_1-1_01_216.txt [Raw Data] CBA08_Chlorogenic-aci_pos_40eV_1-1_01_212.txt Chlorogenic acid is a major phenolic compound in Lonicera japonica Thunb.. It plays several important and therapeutic roles such as antioxidant activity, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, neuroprotective, anti-obesity, antiviral, anti-microbial, anti-hypertension. Chlorogenic acid is a major phenolic compound in Lonicera japonica Thunb. It is an orally active antioxidant activity, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, neuroprotective, anti-obesity, antiviral, anti-microbial, anti-hypertension compound[1][2][3]. Chlorogenic acid is a major phenolic compound in Lonicera japonica Thunb.. It plays several important and therapeutic roles such as antioxidant activity, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, neuroprotective, anti-obesity, antiviral, anti-microbial, anti-hypertension.
Chlorogenic Acid
IPB_RECORD: 1901; CONFIDENCE confident structure Chlorogenic acid is a major phenolic compound in Lonicera japonica Thunb.. It plays several important and therapeutic roles such as antioxidant activity, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, neuroprotective, anti-obesity, antiviral, anti-microbial, anti-hypertension. Chlorogenic acid is a major phenolic compound in Lonicera japonica Thunb. It is an orally active antioxidant activity, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, neuroprotective, anti-obesity, antiviral, anti-microbial, anti-hypertension compound[1][2][3]. Chlorogenic acid is a major phenolic compound in Lonicera japonica Thunb.. It plays several important and therapeutic roles such as antioxidant activity, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, neuroprotective, anti-obesity, antiviral, anti-microbial, anti-hypertension.
Coumarin
Coumarin, also known as 1,2-benzopyrone or benzo-alpha-pyrone, belongs to coumarins and derivatives class of compounds. Those are polycyclic aromatic compounds containing a 1-benzopyran moiety with a ketone group at the C2 carbon atom (1-benzopyran-2-one). Coumarin is slightly soluble (in water) and an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Coumarin is a sweet, green, and new mown hay tasting compound and can be found in a number of food items such as malus (crab apple), sunburst squash (pattypan squash), european cranberry, and star anise, which makes coumarin a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Coumarin can be found primarily in saliva. Coumarin is formally rated as an unfounded non-carcinogenic (IARC 3) potentially toxic compound. Coumarin was first synthesized in 1868. It is used in the pharmaceutical industry as a precursor reagent in the synthesis of a number of synthetic anticoagulant pharmaceuticals similar to dicoumarol, the notable ones being warfarin (brand name Coumadin) and some even more potent rodenticides that work by the same anticoagulant mechanism. 4-hydroxycoumarins are a type of vitamin K antagonist. Pharmaceutical (modified) coumarins were all developed from the study of sweet clover disease; see warfarin for this history. However, unmodified coumarin itself, as it occurs in plants, has no effect on the vitamin K coagulation system, or on the action of warfarin-type drugs . C78275 - Agent Affecting Blood or Body Fluid > C263 - Anticoagulant Agent CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1); INTERNAL_ID 2337 COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.657 relative retention time with respect to 9-anthracene Carboxylic Acid is 0.654 IPB_RECORD: 3881; CONFIDENCE confident structure Coumarin is the primary bioactive ingredient in Radix Glehniae, named Beishashen in China, which possesses many pharmacological activities, including anticancer, anti-inflammation and antivirus activities. Coumarin is the primary bioactive ingredient in Radix Glehniae, named Beishashen in China, which possesses many pharmacological activities, including anticancer, anti-inflammation and antivirus activities.
Coumarin
Coumarin (/ˈkuːmərɪn/) or 2H-chromen-2-one is an aromatic organic chemical compound with formula C9H6O2. Its molecule can be described as a benzene molecule with two adjacent hydrogen atoms replaced by an unsaturated lactone ring −(CH)=(CH)−(C=O)−O−, forming a second six-membered heterocycle that shares two carbons with the benzene ring. It belongs to the benzopyrone chemical class and considered as a lactone.[1] Coumarin is a colorless crystalline solid with a sweet odor resembling the scent of vanilla and a bitter taste.[1] It is found in many plants, where it may serve as a chemical defense against predators. Coumarin inhibits synthesis of vitamin K, a key component in blood clotting. A related compound, the prescription drug anticoagulant warfarin, is used to inhibit formation of blood clots, deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism.[1][2] Coumarin is the primary bioactive ingredient in Radix Glehniae, named Beishashen in China, which possesses many pharmacological activities, including anticancer, anti-inflammation and antivirus activities. Coumarin is the primary bioactive ingredient in Radix Glehniae, named Beishashen in China, which possesses many pharmacological activities, including anticancer, anti-inflammation and antivirus activities.
99-50-3
D020011 - Protective Agents > D016588 - Anticarcinogenic Agents D000970 - Antineoplastic Agents Protocatechuic acid is a phenolic compound which exhibits neuroprotective effect. Protocatechuic acid is a phenolic compound which exhibits neuroprotective effect.
Rattex
C78275 - Agent Affecting Blood or Body Fluid > C263 - Anticoagulant Agent COVID info from COVID-19 Disease Map Corona-virus Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 SARS-CoV COVID19 SARS2 SARS Coumarin is the primary bioactive ingredient in Radix Glehniae, named Beishashen in China, which possesses many pharmacological activities, including anticancer, anti-inflammation and antivirus activities. Coumarin is the primary bioactive ingredient in Radix Glehniae, named Beishashen in China, which possesses many pharmacological activities, including anticancer, anti-inflammation and antivirus activities.
Heriguard
Chlorogenic acid is a major phenolic compound in Lonicera japonica Thunb.. It plays several important and therapeutic roles such as antioxidant activity, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, neuroprotective, anti-obesity, antiviral, anti-microbial, anti-hypertension. Chlorogenic acid is a major phenolic compound in Lonicera japonica Thunb. It is an orally active antioxidant activity, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, neuroprotective, anti-obesity, antiviral, anti-microbial, anti-hypertension compound[1][2][3]. Chlorogenic acid is a major phenolic compound in Lonicera japonica Thunb.. It plays several important and therapeutic roles such as antioxidant activity, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, neuroprotective, anti-obesity, antiviral, anti-microbial, anti-hypertension.
Igalan
A sesquiterpene lactone that is hexahydro-1-benzofuran-2(3H)-one substituted by a methyl group at position 6, methylene group at position 3, isopropenyl group at position 5 and a vinyl group at position 6. Isolated from Inula helenium and Rudbeckia laciniata, it exhibits antiproliferative activity.