NCBI Taxonomy: 395885

Penicillium granulatum (ncbi_taxid: 395885)

found 12 associated metabolites at species taxonomy rank level.

Ancestor: Penicillium

Child Taxonomies: none taxonomy data.

Patulin

(2,4-Dihydroxy-2H-pyran-3(6H)-ylidene)acetic acid, 3,4-lactone

C7H6O4 (154.0266)


Patulin is found in pomes. Mycotoxin, found as a contaminant of foods, e.g. apple juice. Sometimes detd. in apple juice Patulin is a mycotoxin produced by a variety of molds, particularly Aspergillus and Penicillium. It is commonly found in rotting apples, and the amount of patulin in apple products is generally viewed as a measure of the quality of the apples used in production. It is not a particularly potent toxin, but a number of studies have shown that it is genotoxic, which has led to some theories that it may be a carcinogen, though animal studies have remained inconclusive. Patulin is also an antibiotic. Several countries have instituted patulin restrictions in apple products. The World Health Organization recommends a maximum concentration of 50 µg/L in apple juice Mycotoxin, found as a contaminant of foods, e.g. apple juice. Sometimes detd. in apple juice D009676 - Noxae > D011042 - Poisons > D009183 - Mycotoxins D009676 - Noxae > D009153 - Mutagens Patulin (Terinin) is a mycotoxin produced by fungi including the Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Byssochlamys species, is suspected to be clastogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic and cytotoxic. Patulin induces autophagy-dependent apoptosis through lysosomal-mitochondrial axis, and causes DNA damage[1][2][3][4].

   

patulin

4-hydroxy-4,6-dihydrofuro[3,2-c]pyran-2-one

C7H6O4 (154.0266)


D009676 - Noxae > D011042 - Poisons > D009183 - Mycotoxins CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 5971 D009676 - Noxae > D009153 - Mutagens CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1) Patulin (Terinin) is a mycotoxin produced by fungi including the Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Byssochlamys species, is suspected to be clastogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic and cytotoxic. Patulin induces autophagy-dependent apoptosis through lysosomal-mitochondrial axis, and causes DNA damage[1][2][3][4].

   

(1r,2s,3as,3bs,4r,7s,9ar,9bs,10s,11as)-1-[(2r,3e,5r)-5,6-dimethylhept-3-en-2-yl]-4,7,10-trihydroxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-1h,2h,3h,3ah,3bh,4h,6h,7h,8h,9h,9bh,10h,11h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-2-yl acetate

(1r,2s,3as,3bs,4r,7s,9ar,9bs,10s,11as)-1-[(2r,3e,5r)-5,6-dimethylhept-3-en-2-yl]-4,7,10-trihydroxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-1h,2h,3h,3ah,3bh,4h,6h,7h,8h,9h,9bh,10h,11h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-2-yl acetate

C30H48O5 (488.3502)


   

(1r,2s,3as,3bs,7s,9ar,9bs,11as)-1-[(2r,3e,5r)-5,6-dimethylhept-3-en-2-yl]-7-hydroxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-1h,2h,3h,3ah,3bh,4h,6h,7h,8h,9h,9bh,10h,11h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-2-yl acetate

(1r,2s,3as,3bs,7s,9ar,9bs,11as)-1-[(2r,3e,5r)-5,6-dimethylhept-3-en-2-yl]-7-hydroxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-1h,2h,3h,3ah,3bh,4h,6h,7h,8h,9h,9bh,10h,11h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-2-yl acetate

C30H48O3 (456.3603)


   

3-hydroxy-2,5,8',11'-tetramethylspiro[cyclopentane-1,5'-tricyclo[6.3.0.0²,⁶]undecan]-2'(6')-ene-11'-carboxylic acid

3-hydroxy-2,5,8',11'-tetramethylspiro[cyclopentane-1,5'-tricyclo[6.3.0.0²,⁶]undecan]-2'(6')-ene-11'-carboxylic acid

C20H30O3 (318.2195)


   

(1r,2s,3as,3bs,4r,5r,5ar,7s,9ar,9bs,10s,11as)-1-[(2r,3e,5r)-5,6-dimethylhept-3-en-2-yl]-4,5,5a,7,10-pentahydroxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-2-yl acetate

(1r,2s,3as,3bs,4r,5r,5ar,7s,9ar,9bs,10s,11as)-1-[(2r,3e,5r)-5,6-dimethylhept-3-en-2-yl]-4,5,5a,7,10-pentahydroxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-2-yl acetate

C30H50O7 (522.3556)


   

(1s,4e,9r)-6-hydroxy-4-(3h-imidazol-4-ylmethylidene)-9-(2-methylbut-3-en-2-yl)-2,5,16-triazatetracyclo[7.7.0.0²,⁷.0¹⁰,¹⁵]hexadeca-5,7,10,12,14-pentaen-3-one

(1s,4e,9r)-6-hydroxy-4-(3h-imidazol-4-ylmethylidene)-9-(2-methylbut-3-en-2-yl)-2,5,16-triazatetracyclo[7.7.0.0²,⁷.0¹⁰,¹⁵]hexadeca-5,7,10,12,14-pentaen-3-one

C22H21N5O2 (387.1695)


   

(1r,2s,3as,3bs,4r,5r,5ar,7s,9ar,9bs,11as)-1-[(2r,3e,5r)-5,6-dimethylhept-3-en-2-yl]-4,5,5a,7-tetrahydroxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-2-yl acetate

(1r,2s,3as,3bs,4r,5r,5ar,7s,9ar,9bs,11as)-1-[(2r,3e,5r)-5,6-dimethylhept-3-en-2-yl]-4,5,5a,7-tetrahydroxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-2-yl acetate

C30H50O6 (506.3607)


   

(4s)-4-hydroxy-4h,6h-furo[3,2-c]pyran-2-one

(4s)-4-hydroxy-4h,6h-furo[3,2-c]pyran-2-one

C7H6O4 (154.0266)


   

(1r,1'r,2r,3r,5r,8'r,11's)-3-hydroxy-2,5,8',11'-tetramethylspiro[cyclopentane-1,5'-tricyclo[6.3.0.0²,⁶]undecan]-2'(6')-ene-11'-carboxylic acid

(1r,1'r,2r,3r,5r,8'r,11's)-3-hydroxy-2,5,8',11'-tetramethylspiro[cyclopentane-1,5'-tricyclo[6.3.0.0²,⁶]undecan]-2'(6')-ene-11'-carboxylic acid

C20H30O3 (318.2195)


   

(1r,2s,3as,3br,4r,5s,5as,7s,9ar,9bs,11as)-1-[(2r,3e,5r)-5,6-dimethylhept-3-en-2-yl]-4,5,7-trihydroxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-tetradecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-2-yl acetate

(1r,2s,3as,3br,4r,5s,5as,7s,9ar,9bs,11as)-1-[(2r,3e,5r)-5,6-dimethylhept-3-en-2-yl]-4,5,7-trihydroxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-tetradecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-2-yl acetate

C30H50O5 (490.3658)


   

6-hydroxy-4-(1h-imidazol-4-ylmethylidene)-9-(2-methylbut-3-en-2-yl)-2,5,16-triazatetracyclo[7.7.0.0²,⁷.0¹⁰,¹⁵]hexadeca-5,7,10,12,14-pentaen-3-one

6-hydroxy-4-(1h-imidazol-4-ylmethylidene)-9-(2-methylbut-3-en-2-yl)-2,5,16-triazatetracyclo[7.7.0.0²,⁷.0¹⁰,¹⁵]hexadeca-5,7,10,12,14-pentaen-3-one

C22H21N5O2 (387.1695)