NCBI Taxonomy: 255780
Dichotomomyces (ncbi_taxid: 255780)
found 43 associated metabolites at genus taxonomy rank level.
Ancestor: Aspergillaceae
Child Taxonomies: unclassified Dichotomomyces
Patulin
Patulin is found in pomes. Mycotoxin, found as a contaminant of foods, e.g. apple juice. Sometimes detd. in apple juice Patulin is a mycotoxin produced by a variety of molds, particularly Aspergillus and Penicillium. It is commonly found in rotting apples, and the amount of patulin in apple products is generally viewed as a measure of the quality of the apples used in production. It is not a particularly potent toxin, but a number of studies have shown that it is genotoxic, which has led to some theories that it may be a carcinogen, though animal studies have remained inconclusive. Patulin is also an antibiotic. Several countries have instituted patulin restrictions in apple products. The World Health Organization recommends a maximum concentration of 50 µg/L in apple juice Mycotoxin, found as a contaminant of foods, e.g. apple juice. Sometimes detd. in apple juice D009676 - Noxae > D011042 - Poisons > D009183 - Mycotoxins D009676 - Noxae > D009153 - Mutagens Patulin (Terinin) is a mycotoxin produced by fungi including the Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Byssochlamys species, is suspected to be clastogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic and cytotoxic. Patulin induces autophagy-dependent apoptosis through lysosomal-mitochondrial axis, and causes DNA damage[1][2][3][4].
Gliotoxin
Gliotoxin is a pyrazinoindole with a disulfide bridge spanning a dioxo-substituted pyrazine ring; mycotoxin produced by several species of fungi. It has a role as a mycotoxin, an immunosuppressive agent, an EC 2.5.1.58 (protein farnesyltransferase) inhibitor, a proteasome inhibitor and an antifungal agent. It is an organic disulfide, a pyrazinoindole, an organic heterotetracyclic compound and a dipeptide. Gliotoxin is a natural product found in Streptomyces, Aspergillus cejpii, and other organisms with data available. Gliotoxin is a sulfur-containing antibiotic produced by several species of fungi, some of which are pathogens of humans such as Aspergillus, and also by species of Trichoderma, and Penicillium. Gliotoxin possesses immunosuppressive properties as it may suppress and cause apoptosis in certain types of cells of the immune system, including neutrophils, eosinophils, granulocytes, macrophages, and thymocytes. (L1941) A fungal toxin produced by various species of Trichoderma, Gladiocladium fimbriatum, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Penicillium. It is used as an immunosuppressive agent. A pyrazinoindole with a disulfide bridge spanning a dioxo-substituted pyrazine ring; mycotoxin produced by several species of fungi. D007155 - Immunologic Factors > D007166 - Immunosuppressive Agents D009676 - Noxae > D011042 - Poisons > D009183 - Mycotoxins C308 - Immunotherapeutic Agent > C574 - Immunosuppressant
Gliotoxin
patulin
D009676 - Noxae > D011042 - Poisons > D009183 - Mycotoxins CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 5971 D009676 - Noxae > D009153 - Mutagens CONFIDENCE Reference Standard (Level 1) Patulin (Terinin) is a mycotoxin produced by fungi including the Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Byssochlamys species, is suspected to be clastogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic and cytotoxic. Patulin induces autophagy-dependent apoptosis through lysosomal-mitochondrial axis, and causes DNA damage[1][2][3][4].
(5as,6s,10ar)-10a-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-methylidene-1,4-dioxo-5ah,6h,10h-pyrazino[1,2-a]indol-6-yl acetate
(3s,5as,6s,10ar)-10a-{[(3s,5as,6s,10ar)-6-(acetyloxy)-10a-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-1,4-dioxo-5ah,6h,10h-pyrazino[1,2-a]indol-3-yl]disulfanyl}-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-3-(methylsulfanyl)-1,4-dioxo-5ah,6h,10h-pyrazino[1,2-a]indol-6-yl acetate
C31H36N4O11S3 (736.1542625999999)
n-(1-hydroxy-4-methylhexan-2-yl)-2-methylhexa-2,4-dienimidic acid
(2r,3s,4s,5s,6r)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-{[(1s,12s,15r,16s,17s,20s)-1,16,20-trimethyl-16-(4-methylpent-3-en-1-yl)-3-azapentacyclo[10.8.0.0²,¹⁰.0⁴,⁹.0¹⁵,²⁰]icosa-2(10),4,6,8-tetraen-17-yl]oxy}oxane-3,4,5-triol
(1s,7s,8s,11s)-11-(hydroxymethyl)-12-methyl-10,13-dioxo-14-thia-9,12-diazatetracyclo[9.2.1.0¹,⁹.0³,⁸]tetradeca-3,5-dien-7-yl acetate
n-(1-{[2-(1h-indol-3-yl)acetyl]oxy}-4-methylpentan-2-yl)-2-methylhexa-2,4-dienimidic acid
(1r,7s,8s,11r)-11-(hydroxymethyl)-17-methyl-10,16-dioxo-12,13,14,15-tetrathia-9,17-diazatetracyclo[9.4.2.0¹,⁹.0³,⁸]heptadeca-3,5-dien-7-yl acetate
2-methyl-3-(methylsulfanyl)-3h-pyrazino[1,2-a]indole-1,4-dione
3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-3-(methylsulfanyl)pyrazino[1,2-a]indole-1,4-dione
C14H14N2O3S (290.07250940000006)
(2z,4e)-n-[(2s)-1-hydroxy-4-methylpentan-2-yl]-2-methylhexa-2,4-dienimidic acid
4-[(1z,3z)-2,3-diisocyano-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)buta-1,3-dien-1-yl]phenol
2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-{[1,16,20-trimethyl-16-(4-methylpent-3-en-1-yl)-3-azapentacyclo[10.8.0.0²,¹⁰.0⁴,⁹.0¹⁵,²⁰]icosa-2(10),4,6,8-tetraen-17-yl]oxy}oxane-3,4,5-triol
(3r)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-3-(methylsulfanyl)pyrazino[1,2-a]indole-1,4-dione
C14H14N2O3S (290.07250940000006)
(3s,5as,6s,10ar)-3-{[(3s,5as,6s,10ar)-6-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-3-(methylsulfanyl)-1,4-dioxo-5ah,6h,10h-pyrazino[1,2-a]indol-10a-yl]disulfanyl}-10a-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-1,4-dioxo-5ah,6h,10h-pyrazino[1,2-a]indol-6-yl acetate
1,2,9-trimethyl-7-(2-methylprop-1-en-1-yl)-6-oxa-22-azahexacyclo[11.10.0.0²,¹⁰.0⁵,⁹.0¹⁵,²³.0¹⁶,²¹]tricosa-15(23),16,18,20-tetraene
(3s,5ar,6r,9ar,10as)-9a-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-3,10a-bis(methylsulfanyl)-1,4,7-trioxo-5ah,6h,10h-pyrazino[1,2-a]indol-6-yl acetate
10a-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-methylidene-1,4-dioxo-5ah,6h,10h-pyrazino[1,2-a]indol-6-yl acetate
(3s,5as,6s,10ar)-3-{[(3s,5as,6s,10ar)-6-(acetyloxy)-3-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-1,4-dioxo-5ah,6h,10h-pyrazino[1,2-a]indol-10a-yl]disulfanyl}-10a-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-1,4-dioxo-5ah,6h,10h-pyrazino[1,2-a]indol-6-yl acetate
C30H34N4O12S2 (706.1614564000001)
(1s,12s,15r,16s,17s,20s)-16-(4-methoxy-4-methylpent-2-en-1-yl)-1,16,20-trimethyl-3-azapentacyclo[10.8.0.0²,¹⁰.0⁴,⁹.0¹⁵,²⁰]icosa-2(10),4,6,8-tetraen-17-ol
C29H41NO2 (435.31371260000003)
(2z,4e)-n-[(2s,4r)-1-hydroxy-4-methylhexan-2-yl]-2-methylhexa-2,4-dienimidic acid
7-(2-hydroxypropyl)-1,3,6-trimethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-ol
11-(hydroxymethyl)-12-methyl-10,13-dioxo-14-thia-9,12-diazatetracyclo[9.2.1.0¹,⁹.0³,⁸]tetradeca-3,5-dien-7-yl acetate
(1s,2s,5s,7r,9s,10r,13s)-1,2,9-trimethyl-7-(2-methylprop-1-en-1-yl)-6-oxa-22-azahexacyclo[11.10.0.0²,¹⁰.0⁵,⁹.0¹⁵,²³.0¹⁶,²¹]tricosa-15(23),16,18,20-tetraene
4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)butan-2-one
9a-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-3,10a-bis(methylsulfanyl)-1,4,7-trioxo-5ah,6h,10h-pyrazino[1,2-a]indol-6-yl acetate
n-(1-hydroxy-4-methylpentan-2-yl)-2-methylhexa-2,4-dienimidic acid
5,6,7-trimethoxy-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3h-naphtho[2,3-d]imidazol-2-ol
(3s,10ar)-10a-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-3h,10h-pyrazino[1,2-a]indole-1,4-dione
16-(4-methoxy-4-methylpent-2-en-1-yl)-1,16,20-trimethyl-3-azapentacyclo[10.8.0.0²,¹⁰.0⁴,⁹.0¹⁵,²⁰]icosa-2(10),4,6,8-tetraen-17-ol
C29H41NO2 (435.31371260000003)