Gene Association: SLC44A4
UniProt Search:
SLC44A4 (PROTEIN_CODING)
Function Description: solute carrier family 44 member 4
found 8 associated metabolites with current gene based on the text mining result from the pubmed database.
1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG)
1,5-Anhydrosorbitol or 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) is a validated marker of short-term glycemic control. This substance is derived mainly from food, is well absorbed in the intestine, and is distributed to all organs and tissues. It is metabolically stable, being excreted in the urine when its level exceeds the renal threshold. It is reabsorbed in the renal tubules, and is competitively inhibited by glucosuria, which leads to a reduction in its level in serum. The correlation between this reduction and the amount of glucose present in urine is so close that 1,5 AG can be used as a sensitive, day-to-day, real-time marker of glycemic control. It provides useful information on current glycemic control and is superior to both hemoglobin A1C and fructosamine in detecting near-normoglycemia. 1,5-AG in human plasma has been proposed for several years as a short-term, retrospective marker of glycaemic control and seems to be the most suitable parameter for monitoring glucose excursions. The decrease in serum 1,5-AG is very sensitive to urinary glucose excretion. It is a metabolically inert polyol that competes with glucose for reabsorption in the kidneys. Otherwise stable levels of 1,5-AG are rapidly depleted as blood glucose levels exceed the renal threshold for glucosuria. 1,5-AG is also more tightly associated with glucose fluctuations and postprandial glucose. (PMID: 18088226, 12166605, 7783360, 8940824) [HMDB] 1, 5-Anhydrosorbitol or 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) is a validated marker of short-term glycemic control. This substance is derived mainly from food, is well absorbed in the intestine, and is distributed to all organs and tissues. It is metabolically stable, being excreted in the urine when its level exceeds the renal threshold. It is reabsorbed in the renal tubules and is competitively inhibited by glucosuria, which leads to a reduction in its level in serum. The correlation between this reduction and the amount of glucose present in urine is so close that 1,5 AG can be used as a sensitive, day-to-day, real-time marker of glycemic control. It provides useful information on current glycemic control and is superior to both hemoglobin A1C and fructosamine in detecting near-normoglycemia. 1,5-AG in human plasma has been proposed for several years as a short-term, retrospective marker of glycemic control and seems to be the most suitable parameter for monitoring glucose excursions. The decrease in serum 1,5-AG is very sensitive to urinary glucose excretion. It is a metabolically inert polyol that competes with glucose for reabsorption in the kidneys. Otherwise stable levels of 1,5-AG are rapidly depleted as blood glucose levels exceed the renal threshold for glucosuria. 1,5-AG is also more tightly associated with glucose fluctuations and postprandial glucose (PMID:18088226, 12166605, 7783360, 8940824). 1,5-Anhydrosorbitol is a short-term marker for glycemic control. 1,5-Anhydrosorbitol is a short-term marker for glycemic control.
Thiamine
Thiamine, also known as aneurin or vitamin B1, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as thiamines. Thiamines are compounds containing a thiamine moiety, which is structurally characterized by a 3-[(4-Amino-2-methyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]-4-methyl-thiazol-5-yl backbone. Thiamine exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. Thiamine biosynthesis occurs in bacteria, some protozoans, plants, and fungi. Thiamine is a vitamin and an essential nutrient meaning the body cannot synthesize it, and it must be obtained from the diet. It is soluble in water and insoluble in alcohol. Thiamine decomposes if heated. Thiamine was first discovered in 1897 by Umetaro Suzuki in Japan when researching how rice bran cured patients of Beriberi. Thiamine was the first B vitamin to be isolated in 1926 and was first made in 1936. Thiamine plays a key role in intracellular glucose metabolism and it is thought that thiamine inhibits the effect of glucose and insulin on arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation. Thiamine plays an important role in helping the body convert carbohydrates and fat into energy. It is essential for normal growth and development and helps to maintain proper functioning of the heart and the nervous and digestive systems. Thiamine cannot be stored in the body; however, once absorbed, the vitamin is concentrated in muscle tissue. Thiamine has antioxidant, erythropoietic, cognition-and mood-modulatory, antiatherosclerotic, putative ergogenic, and detoxification activities. Natural derivatives of thiamine, such as thiamine monophosphate (ThMP), thiamine diphosphate (ThDP), also sometimes called thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), thiamine triphosphate (ThTP), and adenosine thiamine triphosphate (AThTP), act as coenzymes in addition to performing unique biological functions. Thiamine deficiency can lead to beriberi, Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome, optic neuropathy, Leighs disease, African seasonal ataxia (or Nigerian seasonal ataxia), and central pontine myelinolysis. In Western countries, thiamine deficiency is seen mainly in chronic alcoholism. Thiamine supplements or thiamine therapy can be used for the treatment of a number of disorders including thiamine and niacin deficiency states, Korsakovs alcoholic psychosis, Wernicke-Korsakov syndrome, delirium, and peripheral neuritis. In humans, thiamine is involved in the metabolic disorder called 2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. Outside of the human body, Thiamine is found in high quantities in whole grains, legumes, pork, fruits, and yeast and fish. Grain processing removes much of the thiamine content in grains, so in many countries cereals and flours are enriched with thiamine. Thiamine is an essential vitamin. It is found in many foods, some of which are atlantic croaker, wonton wrapper, cereals and cereal products, and turmeric. A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A11 - Vitamins > A11D - Vitamin b1, plain and in combination with vitamin b6 and b12 > A11DA - Vitamin b1, plain Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. D018977 - Micronutrients > D014815 - Vitamins KEIO_ID T056; [MS2] KO009294 KEIO_ID T056
Thiamine monophosphate
Thiamine monophosphate, also known as thiamin phosphoric acid or TMP, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as thiamine phosphates. These are thiamine derivatives in which the hydroxyl group of the ethanol moiety is substituted by a phosphate group. Thiamine monophosphate is a very strong basic compound (based on its pKa). Thiamine monophosphate is one of the five known natural thiamine phosphate derivatives. Thiamine (vitamin B1) is the transport form of the vitamin while the phosphorylated derivatives are the active forms. Thiamine dihydrogen phosphate ester. The monophosphate ester of thiamine. Synonyms: monophosphothiamine; vitamin B1 monophosphate. -- Pubchem [HMDB] Acquisition and generation of the data is financially supported in part by CREST/JST. D018977 - Micronutrients > D014815 - Vitamins KEIO_ID T057; [MS3] KO009298 KEIO_ID T057; [MS2] KO009297 KEIO_ID T057
1,5-Anhydrosorbitol
An anhydro sugar of D-glucitol. 1,5-Anhydrosorbitol is a short-term marker for glycemic control. 1,5-Anhydrosorbitol is a short-term marker for glycemic control.
1,5-Anhydroglucitol
1,5-Anhydrosorbitol is a short-term marker for glycemic control. 1,5-Anhydrosorbitol is a short-term marker for glycemic control.
Thiamine
A - Alimentary tract and metabolism > A11 - Vitamins > A11D - Vitamin b1, plain and in combination with vitamin b6 and b12 > A11DA - Vitamin b1, plain D018977 - Micronutrients > D014815 - Vitamins
Polygalytol
1,5-Anhydrosorbitol is a short-term marker for glycemic control. 1,5-Anhydrosorbitol is a short-term marker for glycemic control.
