Chemical Formula: C10H19NO4
Chemical Formula C10H19NO4
Found 60 metabolite its formula value is C10H19NO4
Propionylcarnitine
D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents An O-acylcarnitine compound having propanoyl as the acyl substituent. D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D020011 - Protective Agents > D002316 - Cardiotonic Agents D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents
Propionylcarnitine
Propionylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an propanoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. Propionylcarnitine is therefore classified as a short chain AC. As a short-chain acylcarnitine propionylcarnitine is a member of the most abundant group of carnitines in the body, comprising more than 50\\\% of all acylcarnitines quantified in tissues and biofluids (PMID: 31920980). Some short-chain carnitines have been studied as supplements or treatments for a number of diseases, including neurological disorders and inborn errors of metabolism. In particular propionylcarnitine is elevated in the blood or plasma of individuals with methylmalonic academia/methylmalonyl-CoA mutase deficiency (PMID: 26454439, PMID: 25750861, PMID: 31622506, PMID: 30712249), propionic academia/mitochondrial propionyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency (PMID: 31715057, PMID: 28915261), obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (PMID: 30186675), cobalamin C deficiency (PMID: 25367534), chronic heart failure (PMID: 22622056), diastolic heart failure (PMID: 26010610), and systolic heart failure (PMID: 26010610). It is also decreased in the blood or plasma of individuals with familial Mediterranean fever (PMID: 29900937) and type 2 diabetes Mellitus (PMID: 19369366). It is also decreased in the urine of individuals with obesity (PMID: 26910390). Propionylcarnitine is also found to be associated with propionic acidemia, which is an inborn error of metabolism. Carnitine acetyltransferase (CrAT, EC:2.3.1.7) is responsible for the synthesis of all short-chain and short branched-chain acylcarnitines (PMID: 23485643). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews]. Propionylcarnitine is present in high abundance in the urine of patients with Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MUT) deficiency, (together with Methylmalonic acid). MUT is a mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes the isomerization of methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA (OMIM 609058 ) [HMDB] Propionyl-L-carnitine is a carnitine derivative and has a high affinity for muscular carnitine transferase. Propionyl-L-carnitine increases cellular carnitine content, thereby allowing free fatty acid transport into the mitochondria. Propionyl-L-carnitine alleviates the symptoms of PAD through a metabolic pathway, thereby improving exercise performance[1].
O-Propanoyl-D-carnitine
O-Propanoyl-D-carnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an propanoic acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy. This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. O-Propanoyl-D-carnitine is therefore classified as a short chain AC. As a short-chain acylcarnitine O-Propanoyl-D-carnitine is a member of the most abundant group of carnitines in the body, comprising more than 50\\% of all acylcarnitines quantified in tissues and biofluids (PMID: 31920980). Some short-chain carnitines have been studied as supplements or treatments for a number of diseases, including neurological disorders and inborn errors of metabolism. In particular O-Propanoyl-D-carnitine is elevated in the blood or plasma of individuals with methylmalonic academia/methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (PMID: 26454439, PMID: 25750861, PMID: 31622506, PMID: 30712249), propionic academia/mitochondrial propionyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency (PMID: 31715057, PMID: 28915261), obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (PMID: 30186675), cobalamin C deficiency (PMID: 25367534), chronic heart failure (PMID: 22622056), diastolic heart failure (PMID: 26010610), and systolic heart failure (PMID: 26010610). It is also decreased in the blood or plasma of individuals with familial Mediterranean fever (PMID: 29900937) and type 2 diabetes Mellitus (PMID: 19369366). It is also decreased in the urine of individuals with obesity (PMID: 26910390). Carnitine acetyltransferase (CrAT, EC:2.3.1.7) is responsible for the synthesis of all short-chain and short branched-chain acylcarnitines (PMID: 23485643). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].
Me glycoside,N-Ac-alpha-D-Pyranose-4-Amino-2,4,6-trideoxy-3-O-methyl-xylo-hexose
1-C-(3-buten-1-yl)-1-deoxy-beta-DGJ|1-C-(3-buten-1-yl)-1-deoxy-beta-galactonojirimycin
CAR 3:0
D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D020011 - Protective Agents > D002316 - Cardiotonic Agents D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents
3-((TERT-BUTOXYCARBONYL)AMINO)-2,2-DIMETHYLPROPANOIC ACID
prop-2-enyl N-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)-N-ethylcarbamate
methyl (3R)-3-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonylamino]butanoate
2-Methyl-2-propanyl 3-hydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)-1-pyrrolidinecarb oxylate
4-[[(1,1-dimethylethoxy)carbonyl]amino]Butanoic acid methyl ester
(2R,4S)-tert-Butyl 4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate
Methyl 3-({[(2-methyl-2-propanyl)oxy]carbonyl}amino)butanoate
Glycine, N-[(1,1-dimethylethoxy)carbonyl]-, 1-methylethyl ester (9CI)
Tert-butyl 3-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate
(3R)-3-Methyl-4-({[(2-Methyl-2-Propanyl)Oxy]Carbonyl}Amino)Butanoic Acid
Methyl 3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)(methyl)amino)propanoate
[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]dimethylammonium acetate
(2R,4R)-TERT-BUTYL 4-HYDROXY-2-(HYDROXYMETHYL)PYRROLIDINE-1-CARBOXYLATE
Levocarnitine propionate
D018373 - Peripheral Nervous System Agents > D018689 - Sensory System Agents D002491 - Central Nervous System Agents > D000700 - Analgesics D020011 - Protective Agents > D002316 - Cardiotonic Agents D000893 - Anti-Inflammatory Agents D002317 - Cardiovascular Agents D018501 - Antirheumatic Agents
Propionyl-L-carnitine-(N-methyl-d3), analytical standard
O-Propanoyl-L-carnitine
An optically active O-acylcarnitine compound having propanoyl as the acyl substituent and (R)-configuration at the 3-position.